Draft:Ucchangi

For other uses, see Draft:Ucchangi (disambiguation).

Ucchangi
Goddess of the Warriors, Power & destruction.
The Mallar, Kapu, Udupi, shrine of Ucchangi.
Devanagari	उचांगी
Sanskrit transliteration	uchngi
Affiliation	Devi/ Shakti
Abode	Mount Kailash
Consort	Shiva

Ucchangi, also known as Renuka, Mariamma & Yellamma Devi, is a Hindu mother goddess venerated predominantly in the South Indian state of Karnataka in various places like Uchangidurga, Chitradurga, Udupi, Dakshina kannada.

Ucchangi is worshipped in accordance with local tradition as Gramadevatai. She is considered as a guardian deity by many parts of South Canara. She is also the regional form of Hindu goddess Parvati. Her consort is lord Shiva. She is also worshipped as Marikambe, who is a manifestation of Adi-Parashakti, Mahamayi or Mahadevi. She is regarded as the mother of Parashurama, the sixth avatar of the god Vishnu. Originally named Renuka, she attained the status of a mother goddess in regional traditions, later becoming associated with the legend of Parashurama in Hindu mythology.

Various names of Ucchangi

Ucchangi is venerated under numerous regional appellations, including Aai Yellamma, Ekvira, Yamai, Ellai Amman, Padmakshi Renuka, Renuka, Mariamma/ Marikamba, and Ellai Amma Mahar. She is worshipped in the Hindu pantheon as a goddess associated with marginalized communities and is often regarded as the divine protector of the oppressed.

Other epithets for Ucchangi include Yellamma, Mariamma, Chaniamma, Gangamma, and Kariyamma, reflecting her syncretic veneration across diverse cultural traditions.

Legends

Connection between Yellamma and Mariamma

The legends of Renuka are contained in the Mahabharata, the Harivamsa, and the Bhagavata Purana. Renuka/ Renu or Yellamma or Ekvira or Ellai amman or Ellai amma (Marathi: श्री. रेणुका/ येल्लुआई, Kannada: ಶ್ರೀ ಎಲ್ಲಮ್ಮ ರೇಣುಕಾ, Telugu : శ్రీ రేణుక/ ఎల్లమ్మ, Tamil: ரேணு/Renu) is worshipped as the goddess in the Hindu religion. Yellamma is the patron Goddess of the south Indian states of Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. Her devotees revere her as the "Mother of the Universe" or "Mahamayi/ Mahadevi".

Childhood:

Renuka Devi, the daughter of the king of the Vidhrabha region in Maharashtra is believed to be an incarnation of goddess Parvati in Kruthayuga. Prasnejit was the ruler of the Suryavamsha Ikshvaaku dynasty ruling the current place of Vidharbha region of Maharashtra. King was well known for his supremacy but he remained childless even after getting three wives. This made the king unhappy. Upon the suggestion of Priests from his court, he performed a holy fire ritual for progeny. From the flames of fire, there evolved a baby glittering like gold. King was so happy and thought the baby was a boon to him by the goddess Durga. As the baby was not born out of the womb of a female she is called Ayonija and the king named her Renuka. As she was born out of fire she was even praised as Agnija. From her childhood onwards Renuka was spiritually advanced. She had learned every art; a princess must know. When Renuka reached the age to marry Saint Agasthya advised Prasnejit to make Renuka married to Saint Jamadhagni. Saint Jamadhagni was from the lineage of Bhrigu Maharshi son of Sage Ruchika and Sathyavathi. He was known as one among the Saptharshis and was well known for his anger. Sage can smash anyone who comes to his notice by committing any mistake. Jamadhagni showed reluctance to marry Renuka as she was the princess and couldn’t sustain hermitage with utmost austerities. Renuka then lived in the hermitage for a few days and proved herself to be capable of following Ashrama rituals. Saint Jamadhagni accepted Renuka and married her in the presence of all Guru and Heavenly gods. Lord Indra gifted a celestial cow named Kamadhenu which can offer whatever we ask for.

Married Life

Renuka and Jamadagni had five sons: Ṛumaṇvān, Suhotra, Vasu, Viśvāvasu, and Rama Bhargava (later known as Parashurama, Vishnu's sixth avatar). Parashurama earned Shiva's favor through penance, receiving an axe (parashu) and his iconic name.

Tragedy near the river changed life:

One fine morning when Renuka was on her way to the river to bring water using sandpots. After making pots she stepped into the river to fill water into the pot. In the water, she found the shadow of a Gandharva couple engaged in sensual play. Renuka upon seeing this, lost concentration and the sandpot on her head was broken. She tried to make a new pot but the sand became heaps and she was unable to complete that. She tried to catch Adhiseshu but she couldn’t even catch them as that snake started fleeing away. She came to know about the reason for these things and went to the hermitage with empty hands. Jamadhagni upon seeing Renuka coming with empty hands came to know about what happened and cursed her to get dreadful skin disease and cursed her from the protection of all Panchabhuthas. He also asked her to leave the hermitage and not be in his sight. Renuka felt remorse and tried to worship Lord Shiva but his shrine had disappeared. As there was no way she started moving away from the Ashram and travelling across forests. She was unable to get food and water due to a curse from Jamadagni. She moved to a tribal area where downtrodden people used to live usually called as ChandalaVaatika. There Renuka reached house of a chuckler woman's house. She was called as Matangi a woman belonging to the Mathang community. Matangi received Renuka with utmost love and care and started treating the skin disease with medicinal roots and herbs available around. One day when Renuka was on her way into the forest she came across two saints namely Eknath and Jognath who recognized Renuka as a princess and asked the reason for her bad situation. Then Eknath and Jognath thought for a while and suggested Renuka a ritual which is utmost severe. The only one who could ameliorate her condition was Lord Shiva who asked her to do penance with utmost austerities. Renuka sat to North East in Matangi’s house and started doing penance. Time passed meanwhile termites and mounds started heaping around Renuka and within a few days, she got completely enclosed by those mounds. Matangi used to worship Renuka through this anthill. After many days Lord Shiva came to Renuka's vision and said that the time has come to wash away her sin. Shiva asked Renuka to beg for rice from nearby villages and cook holy rice with it without keeping it on fire and reach him in the place nearby where he was situated along with Ganga who can wash her sin completely. Renuka did the same and cooked the rice by keeping the pot on her stomach and lying in the sun. To her surprise rice was cooked and by carrying that pot on her head she reached Shiva. There she offered the holy rice to Shiva and bathed in the natural spring nearby along with Matangi, to her surprise all her diseases and sins got washed away. A voice from the sky spoke, "Renuka all your sins got cured but now comes a testing time for you be ready for that and accept the fate you will become immortal later and received by your husband with love and care". Feeling happy for getting rid of sins Renuka along with Matangi reached the hermitage and went to Jamadagni.

Blessings, Renuka became Mariamma and Yellamma devi

Sage upon seeing Renuka felt happy and came to know the entire thing that happened to Renuka but he hesitated to accept her because she is still a human and thought her soul to be liberated. Thinking to liberate her soul and free mind from sensual pleasures Jamadagni thought for a while and decided to give her Kapaala Moksha by decapitating her head. Sage called his 3 elder sons but due to their attachment to her, they could not do that. Sage called Parashurama and asked him to slay Renuka's head. Parashurama understood the reason behind his father's order and tried to behead her mother But Matangi who could not understand the purpose stopped Parashurama who got angry and beheaded her too. Jamadhagni then asked Parashurama to ask for a boon. Parashurama asked to make her mother alive as a boon. Jamadhagni agreed and gave the same holy water. He asked him to pour on the corpse upon joining their heads. Parashurama in a hurry to make her mother alive, exchanged heads of Matangi and Renuka and attached mistakenly. Parashurama was awe-struck by seeing this and brought two ladies to his father. Parashurama upon seeing her mother with an exchanged face said Mari-Amma (Mother who has changed) thus Renuka was named Mariamma (Matangi’s body and Renuka’s head). Jamadhagni then named the other after Renuka’s body and Matangi’s head as Yellamma means (mother of all). Sage poured his Shakthi into Yellamma who moved to forests and started blessing the people. By this connection, we can see the relation between Yellamma and Mariamma.

King's outrage to kamadhenu, rishi jamadhagni, and parashurama’s realization:

Saint Jamadhagni took sanyashrama deeksha and along with his family shifted their hermitage to the Himalayas to live their later life. Kamadhenu a holy cow gifted to Jamadhagni and Renuka by Lord Indra on their marriage occasion was also taken along with them. The region they live in comes under the kingdom of Kaarthaveeryarjuna a blessed king, blessed with thousands of hands by Lord Dattathreya. He attained many powers by worshipping Lord Dattathreya. With those powers, the king turned arrogant and tried to rewrite the shashtras on his own. He neglected the words of saints and sages in his court. One fine day king thought of having a look at his kingdom and came to the place where Jamadagni's hermitage was located. King after hearing about the greatness of the sage came to his hermitage then the saint with utmost respect received the king and asked him to come to his hermitage and rest for the night. Then the arrogant king estimating the sage said "How to live in your hermitage there are no facilities nothing to eat except leaves and buds" Then the saint with utmost peace said that he has a Kamadhenu which gives whatever you ask. King was surprised and accepted and came before Kamadhenu who gave all the things they had asked for. King after having a lavish and sumptuous dinner asked Jamadhagni to surrender the cow to him. Jamadhagni said, "It was not to be held with all people it is most holy if it is used for unnecessary things it becomes humiliation to cow and one who has gifted us". Then the king became angry and said he was the king of this place and one who lives in the kingdom must follow the king's words. The sage refused to give the cow. King fought with Sage and threw arrows at him. Sage died and the king caught the cow and ran away. Then Renuka after coming from the river saw Jamadhagni lying and called Parashurama for help. Parashurama came running towards the hermitage and came to know all the story that happened. Parashurama in anger went to the palace and waged war against King. Sahasraveeryarjuna then died and when the blood of the King touched Parashurama they both realized the reason behind their births. Parashurama in remorse took the cow and came to hermitage. Then all were gathered to conduct final rituals for saint Jamadhagni then Maharshi Bhrigu the head of Brigukula came and made Saint Jamadhagni alive using Sanjeevani Vidhya.

An end, a new beginning:

After defeating the king and his father became alive Parashurama asked his father for his further rituals. Jamadhagni said killing the king of our kingdom was a sin it was not accepted by shashtras so you must do severe penance at Ganda Madhana range and do penance for Lord Shiva. Parashuram accepted and went back to the Ganda Madhana range. By taking this as an opportunity Kaarthaveeryarjuna’s sons came to the ashram and killed Jamadhagni with twenty-one arrows Renuka while seeing this called his son Parashuram twenty-one times each time for one arrow. Parashurama had an entire vision and ran back to the hermitage. By the time he reached, Jamadhagni was no more. Renuka then asked all the elders in Bhrigu's lineage to commence funeral rituals for her Sathisahagamanam. When Parashurama tried to attempt them Renuka rejected by saying that your penance was not completed and you were not fit for this ritual so do what I say. Take a Kaavida (Two baskets hung on both sides of a bamboo) keep his father's corpse in one and her in another and move south and you will come across a Banyan tree which occupies a hundred yojanas There pray for the Lord Dattathreya and ask him to conduct the funeral rituals. Parashurama did so and reached a place now called Mahurgad in Maharashtra and worshipped lord Dattathreya. As Dattathreya was the one who blessed Kaarthaveeryarjuna with all powers he will purify you from sin of killing Karthaveeryarjuna. Parashurama worshipped Dattathreya with utmost devotion upon which Dattathreya came and blessed Parashurama. Dattathreya upon seeing Renuka in that pity situation felt bad then Renuka by wiping his tears said it was according to Vidhi dharma and asked to continue with further rituals. Then Dattathreya arranged a funeral fire and worshipped both couples who are incarnations of Lord Shiva and Parvati and lit the fire. There the godly souls of the couple reached Shiva and Parvati. Then Parashurama pledged on the fire that before this fire ended he would traverse across this earth 21 times and kill all the kings who are deviating from dharma and neglecting Shashtras. Parashurama with his axe ran and killed all the kings and finally came to Ayodhya where Lord Dasharatha Rama was ruling, Parashurama ran to Lord Shri Ram and when he came across him he was unable to raise the axe tears rolled down from his eyes. Parashurama’s faint was lifted by Vashishta who said that it was time to leave this avthara as Parashurama as Rama is the person who came to establish a kingdom that is free of all the bad things and he would set his ruling as a role model for next generations.

Temples and related places

History of Ucchangi in Ucchangidurga, Harappanahalli, Vijayanagara

Once, there was a gathering called by Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvathi, where all 360 core gods, goddesses, and other deities were assembled in the gathering. Meanwhile, Bhringi (Rishi) who came for the gathering prayed to lord Shiva with one hand. Seeing that behaviour from Bhringi, Parvathi asked the reason for praying with one hand. The Bhringi replied that he had only prayed to Lord Shiva and not her. All the gods and goddesses who gathered in the assembly laughed listening to the words of the Bhringi. Goddess Parvathi got angered and cursed the Bhringi that all the blood and muscle in the body of Bhringi would vanish and also cursed the othe deities that, those who laughed, let them turn into goats, those who laughed loudly, let they turn into sheep and those who laughed with arrogance, let them turn into buffalos. After listening to the curse by Goddess Parvathi, all the deities requested her to forgive them and asked how to resolve the curse. Goddess parvathi replied that the sacrifice of heads (animal sacrifice) to her is the break from the curse.

Due to this incident, the fight between Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvathi commenced. Later, Lord Shiva consoled Goddess Parvathi that he would be born as Sage Jamadagni (Saptarishi) and Goddess Parvathi as Renuka (Daughter of King Renu). After this incident, the Goddess Parvathi leaves Mount Kailash and travels south through the city of Mandela (Now Shivamogga) (Eereme village). As per her thoughts, she starts her journey from the south-west towards the East and reaches the place named Eeremagalagiri (Utanga Parvatha/ Uchchasringi/ Uchangidurga). While going near Hallammatopu, she finds the place very beautiful and mesmerizing. She stays there for one day as Hallamma Devi. The heat of the sun was so high that the goddess was tired and took a rest near the tree. There was no water available, meanwhile, there was a person named Padhanna grazing his sheep nearby. The Goddess asked him for the water as she was thirsty. But the shepherd tells her that there is no water available, and he gives the sheep’s milk to her. After drinking the milk, the goddess gave the pot made of gold to the shepherd. But the shepherd didn’t accept the pot made of gold and requested her to give him the pot made of mud. As per his request, the goddess gave him a pot made of mud and blessed him with no poverty in the future. Goddess also tells him that, in the future, there shall be a fair every year where he shall give 5 pots of sheep’s milk to the goddess. Later, the goddess tells him to drop the remaining milk in that very place where the well for the goddess has been formed, and where the water of the well just looks like milk. This place where the well is formed is known as Hallammatopu, and the goddess is known as Hallamma Devi over there. While taking a rest there, the goddess looked at the hilltop and decided to settle in that place.

While climbing the hill, there was a Revansidda mutt nearby and the goddess went to the mutt and asked the Guru of Revansidda Mutt if she desired to settle down on the hilltop. In reply to this, the guru of Mutt tells her that she could not settle down over there since Navakoti Siddaru named Mayakolahalla Bairisidda, ballisidda, and other sidda’s are already settled there. In connection to this, it would be difficult for to goddess to settle down there. After listening to the Guru of Revansidda Mutt, the goddess started to climb the hilltop. Seeing the devi arriving at the hilltop all the sidda’s started quarrelling with themselves that, they would marry the girl. Goddess seeing the quarrel tells the siddas that, she is in a vow and all the siddas to participate in the competition and whoever wins the competition will marry him. Goddess in the pretext of the vow, started to cook Kheer which is made of Bhangi leaves (Cannabis Leaves), and served all the siddas. In this, all the siddas started to feel dizzy and exhausted, looking at this she started to make all seven kotis fall from the hill with her divine powers. But the five siddas named Mayakolahalla, Bairisidda, Bhadinisidda, Ballisidda, and Kalsidda remained there and surrendered to the goddess. But, the Mayakolahalla sidda challenged the goddess that she had troubled them so much that he would be born again and trouble her pooja rituals in the future. Further, the Bairisidda and ballisidda who remained there were blessed to be the door guards (Dwarapalakaru) and Bhadinisidda and Kalsidda as Mahadwarapalakaru of the temple in the future. The name of the goddess is known as Uchchangiamma Devi and the place where she settled is known as Ucchangidurga because she resides in the Utanga Parvatha (the tallest hill).

Later, Uchangiamma settled at the top of the hill which was covered with dense forest. After that, one of the cows of Shivarayyappa from Kanchikeri, Madurakatte village used to come to graze in the forest (hilltop) where the goddess had settled. His cow used to give milk to the burrow (nest of snakes) daily. Without knowing the reason, Shivarayyappa was tensed and scolded that, his cow’s milk was given to someone else by the cowherd boy. After this, the cowherd boy started to follow the cow the next day and after seeing the cow giving milk to the burrow, the cowherd boy tells the matter to his landlord Shivarayyappa about this matter. Later, Shivarayyappa came near the place where the cow was giving the milk where he heard the voice where someone was chanting the Shiva’s Panchakshara mantra (Om Namah Shiva). That night, in his dream the goddess tells him that, she is a Ustavambe and she wants to settle there so he should remove the covered burrow build the small temple and start performing the pooja rituals over there daily. Later he built a small temple as per the request of the goddess.

One day Shivarayyappa and his son came to the temple and forgot to bring the pooja material and ornaments of the goddess. So, he left his son in the Gudi (temple) and went back to his home to bring the pooja materials. Before returning to the Gudi, the devi Ucchangi had already eaten his only son leaving his two legs. Seeing this, Shivarayyappa questioned the devi. Then the Devi Ucchangi replied that he would be blessed with a child in the future and this son of his was a demon named Mayakolahalla who was blessed with the boon that he would be never killed by anyone. In this regard, the devi Ucchangi took the form of neither male nor female and swallowed the demon. After this, the devi tells Shivarayyappa that, the goddess does not want to see any human beings daily for her Darshana and to install an idol of Goddess Kali in front of her and the daily pooja rituals must be done to her. From then the pooja rituals are made to the kalamma devi.

History of Ucchangi in Chitradurga

The Palegars (Nayakas) of Uchangidurga helped the Palegars of Chitradurga in the war. King Matti Thimmanna Nayaka in favour donated a few of his regions (Palepattus) to the Nayakas of Uchangidurga, and also Honne Nagathi, the daughter of Matti Thimmanna Nayaka, had been married to the Dada Nayaka of Ucchangidurga. The Ucchangidurga fort was given to the Palegaras of Ucchangidurga by Thimmanna Nayaka as a gift to his daughter. After that, there will be a communication gap and dissatisfaction between the Ucchangidurga Nayakas and Chitradurga Nayakas. In this regard, the contact between Honne Nagathi and her father Matti Thimmanna Nayaka shall discontinue. This information was taken from a book called Itihasa Chandrike, published in the year 1983. One day, Dada Nayaka tells his wife Honne Nagathi that her father Matti Thimmanna Nayaka is going to come to Uchangidurga. Listening to this, Honne Nagathi was very happy and came to the edge of the hill waiting for the arrival of her father. But Dada Nayaka had lied to her about the arrival of her father. While waiting on the edge of the hill, Dada Nayaka pushed her from the hilltop and killed her. Dada Nayaka killed Honne Nagathi because he thought she would leak the information to her father Matti Thimmanna Nayaka and it would be difficult for them to safeguard their territory. In this regard, the rage between the two kingdoms went to its peak. After all these incidents Devi Uchangiamma appeared in front of Uchangidurga Nayakas and told them that she wouldn’t stay there and go towards Chitradurga looking at all these adharma and sins made by Uchangidurga Nayakas.

Listening to this, the Uchangidurga Nayakas told the soldiers to install the enclosure of the wall to the boundaries and to defend against her not letting her cross the boundaries of Uchangidurga. Seeing this Devi Uchangiamma with her divine power makes all the soldiers unconscious, and the Devi makes the way to the priest to carry the Usthav Murthy along with the devadasis playing the Chowdike (The person who plays the Instrument named Chowdike) to Chitradurga. As the Usthav Murthy came to Chitradurga, they named the devi as Usthavambe. After the arrival of Devi to Chitradurga, it was kept in the hut made of grass near Rangayyana Bagilu. The Devi comes in the dreams of Raja Bicchugatti Bharamanna Nayaka to build the temple, and also the Devi tells him that in Nayakanahatti Lake, there is the Idol of Ucchangi Devi, her son Lord Parashurama and Adishesha in the lake. And while excavating the lake Raja Bicchugatti Bharamanna Nayaka found all three idols. After that, in the year 1711, as per the instruction of Ucchangi Devi, Raja Bicchugatti Bharamanna Nayaka built Sri Raja Ustavambe temple in Raja Marg, Dodd Pete and also Ucchangi is the Kula Devi of Nayakas of Chitradurga.

History of Ucchangi in Mallar, Kaup, Udupi

Ucchangi (Mariamma) was brought by the people of Raneyar/Ranyadava or Raniyava. The Raneyar community was the backbone of the Vijayanagar Empire army, responsible for direct combat with the enemies. The Raneyar community people migrated from the region of Vijayanagara to South Kanara. While migrating, they also carried their kuladevi mariamma, also known as Dandina Mari or Ucchangi, along with them and laid it down in Mallar Fort near Kaup, Udupi. The Raneyar . The community was also involved in the army of the Nayakas of Keladi (1499–1763), Nayakas of Chitradurga (1588–1779), and also the Harapanahalli Nayakas. These Nayakas were initially ruled as vassals of the famous Vijayanagar Empire and also defeated major kings during their period.

After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565, Nayakas of Keladi gained independence and ruled significant parts of Malnad region of the Western Ghats in present-day Karnataka, most areas in the coastal regions of Karnataka and the central plains along the Tungabhadra River. The Nayakas of Keladi posted the army of the Raneyar community in various parts of South Kanara like Mallar, Karnataka, Moodabidri, Kanthavara, Mulki, Karkala, Bailoor, Surathkal, & Boloor, Mangalore to safeguard the forts. The Raneyar community took their kuladevi along with them to worship and to safeguard the forts and themselves.

In 1763, Tippu Sultan defeated the Nayakas of Keladi and captured major forts. Most of the forts in South Kanara were destroyed by invaders in 18^th Century. In this battle between them, most of the people lost their lives, and also a few disguised themselves to save their generations. Likewise, now, it has been worshipped in various places of South Kanara. Ucchangi (Mariamma) was worshipped in Mallar Fort by the people of Raneyar in the Gaddige (Throne) during the period of Keladi Nayakas. The Raja Gandha prasada which is made from grinded turmeric and mixed with the rice flour is given to devotees during the maripooje. In gowri pooje which is conducted by the rajpurohit in the kings palace of Keladi uses the same Raja Gandha prasada and provide them.

After the caputre of the Mallar Fort by Tippu Sultan, the most of the army (Raneyar) people were disguised themselves from the army of Tippu. In this event, the procedures of performing pooja were affected and not being performed according to the customs. During this period, the town was affected by the disease effecting the people and animals. Later, it was shifted to new a place known as Palli-Padpu or Palla-Padpu (This name may have come into existence as this place was water lodging lowland area) by the people of the town and was worshipped once in a week i.e. every Tuesday. This new place was a lowland area and water used to accumulate during rainy season. Hence in the beginning they used to make a temporary shed and “Gaddige” (Throne) and later discharge it after completing the pooja on every tuesday. In the year 1849, this temporary arrangement was replaced with a permanent Gaddige.

The pooja rituals and customs followed are different compared to any other deities. There is no particular Idol (Murthi) in Shri Ucchangi (Mariamma), due to the attack of invaders. Earlier pooja was only for “Gaddige” and later they used to keep one “Kalasha” on this gaddige and worship it. At the end of the day “Kalasha visarjan” was done. The start of Maripooje mainly by the Raneyar community along with the other community people, the idol made out of wood known as “Hongaraka” is prepared and pooja is to be performed to this idol which is decorated with jasmine flowers and garlands and at the end of the rituals this idol will be discharged by the Raneyar community. The Raneyar community is also known as childern of mariamma. By this, they have a major role in Maripooje and any other rituals to mariamma.

The Maripooje is performed three times a year accoringing to Tulu calendar in the month of Suggi (i.e. March), Aati (i.e. July) and Jarde (i.e. November). The Kaup maripooje is one of the seven unique historical events or festivals that are performed in tulunadu. Dr. P. Gururaja Bhat’s also mentioned in one of his article on seven very important events in Tulunadu Kaup Maripooje is one and other six major events are Udupi Paryaya, Bappanadu Dholu, Arasara Kambala, Kavatharu Ayana, Dharmasthala Deepostsava and Padubidri Dhakke Bali.

List of Temples of Ucchangi in Karnataka, India

Name of the Place	Idol of Ucchangi	Name of the Place	Idol of Ucchangi
Uchangidurga		Chitradurga
Kapu, Udupi		moodabidri
Karkala		Bailoor
Kanthavara		Kinnigoli

See also

• Chandragutti Renukamba Temple
• Sirsi Marikamba Temple

Further reading

• The Village Gods of South India (London, 1921) by H. Whitehead
• Yellamma: A Goddess of South India (1995) by Channappa Uttangi
• Given to the Goddess: South Indian Devadasis and the Sexuality of Religion (2004) by Lucinda Ramberg
• Melissa Hope Ditmore, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of Prostitution and Sex Work: A-N. Vol. 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 103–104. ISBN 9780313329685.

External links

• Media related to Ucchangi at Wikimedia Commons

Category:Hindu goddesses Category:Characters in the Bhagavata Purana Category:Hindu folk deities Category:Characters in the Mahabharata