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Draft:SWAT (China)

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This page is about police tactical units of the People's Police. For police tactical units of the People's Armed Police, see People's Armed Police § Special Operations units.
People's Police SWAT officer patch

In China, the police tactical units of public security bureaus are called "SWAT" (Chinese: 特警; pinyin: Tèjǐng; lit. 'Special Police'),[1] sometimes more specifically referred to as Public Security SWAT (Chinese: 公安特警; pinyin: Gōng'ān tèjǐng)).[2] The teams are also occasionally known as "Patrol SWAT" (Chinese: 特巡警; pinyin: Tè xúnjǐng; lit. 'Special patrol police').[3] The SWAT teams are part of the Public Security Bureaus which is a civilian police force that forms part of the Ministry of Public Security.[4] SWAT team officers wear uniforms with the English language word SWAT embroidered on their chests and arms.[1]

History

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Prior to the establishment of SWAT teams, the task of apprehending dangerous criminals and anti-terrorism was mostly given to the People's Armed Police.[5] The Shanghai SWAT team [zh] was one of the first SWAT teams, being established in June 1991 when it was split from the public order office, though it was relatively underequipped with the vast majority of equipment being military surplus; Additionally, it's original role was originally limited to riot control prior to 1999, before it began conducting other roles like VIP protection and anti-terrorism.[5]

The Xi'an Municipal Public Security Bureau's SWAT team was founded in March 1991.[6]

The Kunming Municipal Public Security Bureau's SWAT team was founded in November 2002.[6]

The vast majority of SWAT teams were formed in March 2005 following a nationwide direction by the Ministry of Public Security,[1][5] including SWAT teams in 36 major cities.[5] By 2011, it was estimated that there was over 900 SWAT teams consisting of more than 48,000 officers.[7]

Role

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Beijing SWAT with Hawk industries Type 97 shotguns

The main tasks of SWAT teams are to respond to acts of terrorism and crimes involving extreme levels of violence.[8] SWAT teams also often have extra duties such as riot control and disaster relief.[9][10][2]

Shenzhen SWAT officer and SWAT van

Many SWAT teams also perform duties of normal patrol officers when not responding to special incidents.[11] In some smaller Public Security Bureaus, SWAT units are also used to handle police dogs,[3] while in the Chongqing police [zh] the SWAT unit is also in charge of UAVs.[12]

Equipment

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Uniforms

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SWAT team officers wear dark-coloured uniforms with the English language word SWAT embroidered on their chests and arms.[1]

Firearms

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A large variety of firearms are used by SWAT teams, such as assault rifles (In particular the QBZ-95-1), sniper rifles (such as the QBU-88), submachine guns and pistols. 9x19mm Parabellum is the most common pistol caliber ammunition used, in contrast to the PLA's 5.8x21mm.[13] Foreign made weapons along with foreign designs are also common, such as the Orsis T-5000 and NP22, a clone of the SIG Sauer P226.[13]

Vehicles

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A Chengdu SWAT Saber Tooth Tiger at Chengdu Tianfu International Airport
A SWAT ZFB-05

SWAT vehicles are typically colored black.[14] A variety of vehicles are used, from armored vehicles like the ZFB-05 and APCs to standard police cars such as the Volkswagen Passat.[5][6]

One of the most commonly used armored vehicles is the "Saber tooth tiger" (剑齿虎) infantry mobility vehicle, which is a modified variant of the Ford F-550. It can carry a total of 10 SWAT officers and has multiple firing ports.[15] It has tear gas grenade launchers, floodlights and protection against AK-47 and M16 rounds it costs approx 160-180 million Renminbi.[16]

Training

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SWAT teams train in fast-roping, sniping, hostage rescue, hostage negotiation, CBRN defense, door breaching, bomb disposal and pit maneuvering.[17][6]

Specialized SWAT

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Prison SWAT teams

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Some Chinese prisons (Under provincial prison administrative bureaus, who are separate from the Ministry of Public Security) also operate prison SWAT teams (simplified Chinese: 监狱特警; traditional Chinese: 監獄特警; pinyin: Jiānyù tèjǐng). Their tasks include responding to riots, providing security during prison transport and searching for contraband.[18][19] In Guangdong, the prison SWAT unit is also responsible for firefighting within the prison.[20]

In some prisons with female prisoners, there have been all-female SWAT teams to handle events in the female prison area, most famously at Sichuan Province Qiaowo Prison.[21]

Railway SWAT teams

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The Railway Public Security Bureau [zh], part of the Ministry of Public Security,[22] has regional Railway Public Security Offices that operate SWAT teams known as "Railway SWAT" (simplified Chinese: 铁路特警; traditional Chinese: 鐵路特警; pinyin: Tiělù tèjǐng) or "Railway Public Security SWAT" (Chinese: 铁路公安特警).[23][24][25] Their responsibilities are to respond to terrorist incidents (in particular, they are trained in stopping train hijackings,hostage rescue and bomb disposal) along with responding to serious accidents happening in train stations and railways, such as rescuing people who fall through the platform gap.[23][25] Railway SWAT often use specialized equipment such as sniper rifles, drones and covert wire-cameras.[25] Outside of responding to serious incidents, railway SWAT are also used to provide security during periods of heavy traffic on railroads, in particular Chunyun, and also as first responders to medical emergencies such as heart attacks which happen on trains.[26][25]

Airport SWAT teams

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The China Air Marshal [zh][27] (Officially known as the Civil Aviation Administration Public Security Bureau), part of the Ministry of Public Security,[28] is responsible for aviation law enforcement including at the Beijing Capital International Airport[29]. The Beijing Capital International Airport SWAT unit was established on July 19, 2007 and is the China Air Marshal's only SWAT unit.[30] Outside of Beijing, airport law enforcement is managed by the Provincial Public Security Department's Airport Public Security Bureau, many of which operate their own SWAT teams.[31][32] Similarly to their standard counterparts, Airport SWAT teams are also sometimes in charge of police dogs.[33]

Police tactical units of the National Immigration Administration

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The Hulunbuir Border Management Detachment of the Inner Mongolia General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection (Which is part of the National Immigration Administration) operates the Barga Commando Unit (Chinese: 巴尔虎突击队; pinyin: Bā'ěr hǔ tújí duì), a police tactical unit used for border patrol, CQB anti-terrorism, anti-hijacking, apprehending dangerous suspects, search and rescue, bomb disposal and security at large events.[34][35][36][37] It operates K9s, infantry mobility vehicles along with submachine guns and sniper rifles.[34][37]

Other specialized police tactical units

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The Old Barag Banner Public Security Bureau operates the Gyrfalcon Mounted Police Team (Chinese: 海东青骑警队; pinyin: Hǎi dōng qīng qí jǐng duì), a mounted police tactical unit used for rapid response and apprehending high priority criminals in rural areas along with mounted search and rescue.[38][39] It was established in 2018 when it was split from the Old Barag Banner PSB's Anti-terrorism and SWAT team.[39] As of 2023, it consists of 10 members.[38]

National level Anti-Terrorism commando units

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In 2009, the Ministry of Public Security and the National Counter-Terrorism Office designated the following SWAT teams as National level Anti-Terrorism commando units (Chinese: 国家级反恐突击队) as China's primary non-military anti-terrorism units and also to assist with training SWAT units of smaller police departments.[a][6]

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Notable events involving SWAT

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Attacks and riots

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Notable arrests/manhunts

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Disaster relief

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Security

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Chinese term 突击队, often translated to "Commando", can refer to special forces and police tactical units in general.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Liu & Chen 2023, p. 1.
  2. ^ a b "貴州黔東南公安特警實戰綜合技能大比武". People's Daily. 2021-12-05.
  3. ^ a b 县公安局 [County Public Security Bureau], Daishan County government; retrieved 15 March 2025
  4. ^ Walton, Jonathan (2013). "Intensifying Contradictions: Chinese Policing Enters the 21st Century" (PDF). NBR Analysis (97). The National Bureau of Asian Research: 14, 25. ISSN 1052-164X. OCLC 22200745. Retrieved 5 June 2025.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h ""猫队"的二十四载风雨历程——上海公安特警发展史（上）" [The 24-year history of the "cat team" - the development history of Shanghai public security special police (I)]. Junpin 360 (in Chinese). 2015-10-29. Archived from the original on 2025-06-12.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 张立红, ed. (2015-11-17). "我国反恐力量盘点：召之即来 来之能战 战之必胜" [Inventory of China's anti-terrorism forces: Coming when called upon, being able to fight when called, and winning the war]. Xinhua (in Chinese). p. 2. Retrieved 12 June 2025.
  7. ^ Liu & Chen 2023, pp. 1–2.
  8. ^ Liu, Lu; Chen, Li (June 2023). "Demystifying China's police tactical units". International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. 73: 2. doi:10.1016/j.ijlcj.2023.100595. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
  9. ^ Liu & Chen 2023, p. 2.
  10. ^ "南粤春来早-公安练兵忙". Guangdong PSD.
  11. ^ "用这"一分钟" 守护您的每一分钟". Shenyang Municipal Public Security Bureau. 2024-08-16.
  12. ^ "这群特警身手不凡，手中最有力的武器是无人机。市公安局特警总队无人机具反制支队揭开神秘面纱——可穿树林进楼栋 他们的无人机时速高达200公里". Chongqing Municipal Goverment. 2024-05-05.
  13. ^ a b "讲武谈兵｜从天津公安接收的新装备来看我国警用枪械发展". The Paper. 2019-07-18.
  14. ^ "城步公安局举行巡特警大队车辆换装仪式". Hunan Daily.
  15. ^ ""剑齿虎"装甲车亮相福清 可容纳10名防爆特警". Dongnan net (Fujian Daily). Fuzhou evening news. 2017-05-24.
  16. ^ "香港警队国产"剑齿虎"装甲车将投用，可抵御AK47等攻击". Beijing Daily.
  17. ^ "全国公安特警维稳处突实战汇报演练：警车漂移 精准狙击". China News. 2019-01-20.
  18. ^ "监狱特警队员的一天". The Paper. 2021-07-12. Retrieved 2025-05-27.
  19. ^ "直击四川省雅安监狱特警队". China News.
  20. ^ "燃爆！监狱特警硬核训练大曝光". Guangdong Prison Administrative Bureau. 2023-12-05.
  21. ^ "直击四川省荞窝监狱女子特警队". Chinanews. 2013-08-16.
  22. ^ Scoggins, Suzanne E. (January 2024). The Chinese Police Organization at Home and Abroad (PDF) (Report). Leiden, The Netherlands: LeidenAsiaCentre. p. 14. Retrieved 6 June 2025.
  23. ^ a b "铁路特警是干什么的？" [What does railway SWAT do?]. The Paper. 2020-07-13.
  24. ^ "寒冬淬炼中度过警察节 北京铁路公安特警锻造"特战利刃"". China Youth Daily. 2025-01-11.
  25. ^ a b c d "特战"黑科技"齐亮相 铁路特警综合演练保平安". People's Daily. 2023-01-05.
  26. ^ "临汾特警圆满完成春运安保工作". Chinese Police Online. 2025-02-21.
  27. ^ "中国民航空中警察总队二支队2022年度部门决算" [China Air Marshal 2nd Detachment 2022 Budget] (PDF). Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  28. ^ Scoggins 2024, p. 15.
  29. ^ "機構職責" [Agency responsibilities]. Civil Aviation Administration of China.
  30. ^ "王昌顺出席首都机场公安分局特警支队揭牌仪式". Civil Aviation Administration of China. 2007-07-30.
  31. ^ "长龙航空与机场公安巡特警支队开展警企共建沟通交流活动". Civil Aviation Administration of China. 2024-02-09.
  32. ^ "湖北机场公安护航空港勇担当". Hubei Provincial Public Security Departemtn. 2021-06-29.
  33. ^ "国际禁毒日 |"犬"力以赴！探访山西公安缉毒犬工作日常". China National Radio. 2024-06-26.
  34. ^ a b "巴尔虎突击队助力"十四冬"安保". People's Daily. 2024-02-22.
  35. ^ "震撼！直击巴尔虎突击队极寒训练". The Paper. 2021-02-07. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
  36. ^ "开展实战练兵". Chinese Police online. 2025-04-10.
  37. ^ a b "巴尔虎突击队超燃版"送奖到岗"". China youth daily. 2025-04-26. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
  38. ^ a b "陳巴爾虎草原上的"海東青"". People's Daily. 2023-12-17.
  39. ^ a b "火出圈！他们为何叫"海东青"？". China Youth Daily. 2023-08-27.
  40. ^ a b "闸北袭警案6位牺牲民警简历" [The 6 victims of the Zhabei police attack]. Phoenix television. 2008-07-23. Archived from the original on 2019-06-08.
  41. ^ "上海致6死杀人案嫌犯因设备转让纠纷作案". People's Daily. 2013-06-24.
  42. ^ "新疆暴力恐怖事件近年回顾：2011年和田击毙14名暴徒". Guancha. 2013-06-28.
  43. ^ "Officer tells of fight with terrorists". China Daily. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  44. ^ "商丘一拆迁现场城管和警察冲突多人受伤，当地成立工作组调查". The Paper.
  45. ^ "習近平就珠海撞人事件指示「要從源頭防控」　評論轟其惡政導致「獻忠」遍地". Radio free asia. 2024-11-12.
  46. ^ "走上杀戮之路：消失的劳荣枝与七人命案始末". The Paper. Archived from the original on 2019-12-07.
  47. ^ "黑龙江黎明监狱两名越狱逃犯中1人落网". China Daily. 2010-02-26. Retrieved 2025-06-09.
  48. ^ a b c "这支队伍20岁了 不止参加过湄公河专案行动". People's Daily. 2022-12-28.
  49. ^ "大片来袭！曾参与湄公河案缉捕任务，这支突击队荣记集体一等功". Xinhua Newspaper [zh]. 2021-07-03.
  50. ^ "广东省深圳市公安局再次派出235名特警赴四川灾区执行任务" [Shenzhen PSB deploys 235 SWAT officers to Sichuan]. Ministry of Public Security. 2008-06-01.
  51. ^ "兰州特警情撼玉树". Ministry of Public Security (in Chinese). 2010-04-27.
  52. ^ "奥运雪狼：北京奥运反恐训练直击". Sina (in Chinese). 21st Century Business Herald. 2006-08-10. Retrieved 2010-03-11.

Category:Police tactical units Category:Paramilitary organizations based in China Category:Ministry of Public Security (China) Category:Law enforcement in China Category:Police units of China Category:Counterterrorism in China Category:Organizations established in 2005 Category:2005 establishments in China

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