Draft:Research Security
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Research security refers to a set of policies, practices, and technologies aimed at guarding scientific and technological research—especially publicly funded projects—against espionage, unauthorized technology transfer, foreign interference, and exploitation by strategic competitors. It has gained prominence amid rising geopolitical tensions, notably concerning China.
Background
[edit]The late 2010s and early 2020s saw the emergence of research security as a major concern.[1][2]
Evidence revealed foreign talent recruitment programs (e.g., China's Thousand Talents Plan), undisclosed funding, and covert affiliations infiltrating U.S. academic environments.
Policy developments
[edit]In January 2021, President Biden issued NSPM-33, mandating stricter research security standards including disclosure of foreign support and affiliations.[3]
In 2023, the National Science Foundation (NSF) launched the Research on Research Security program to develop risk indicators and bolster institutional defenses.[4]
Oversight and enforcement
[edit]Congress and oversight bodies released reports documenting Department of Defense and intelligence-funded collaborations with Chinese defense-linked entities, potentially violating the Wolf Amendment and export-control laws.[5][6]
University responses
[edit]Academic institutions face significant internal capacity gaps in threat detection, especially regarding non-English publications and obscure journals.[7]
Jeffrey Stoff, founder of the Center for Research Security & Integrity, has also supported universities with due diligence efforts and public reports exposing military collaboration with China.[8]
Additional expert perspectives
[edit]Didi Kirsten Tatlow (Newsweek, Atlantic Council) has reported on dual-use research partnerships involving Chinese military-linked institutions, including radar and quantum science.[9]
Bill Hannas of the Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET) has warned that China's strategy includes "gray zone" acquisitions of emerging technology via foreign researchers, start-ups, and scholarly collaborations.[10]
International context
[edit]Canada prohibits federal research funding from supporting collaborations with sensitive institutions in China, Russia, and Iran.[11]
The European Commission has proposed a Research Security Centre of Expertise to coordinate EU-wide efforts.[12]
Academic and policy scholarship
[edit]Think tanks such as CSET, Hoover Institution, and Sandia National Laboratories have published policy frameworks, risk indicators, and academic assessments.[13][14][15]
The field of forensic scientometrics applies bibliometric and metadata analysis to uncover hidden co-authorships, military funding links, and other anomalies in global science.[16]
Challenges
[edit]- Balancing openness and vigilance: Critics argue overregulation could stifle innovation and international collaboration.[17]
- Resource disparities: Smaller institutions may lack capacity to comply with new regulations or perform due diligence on international partners.[18]
See also
[edit]- Wolf Amendment
- Academic espionage
- National Security Higher Education Advisory Board
- China Initiative
- Forensic scientometrics
References
[edit]- ^ "Threats to the U.S. Research Enterprise: China's Talent Recruitment Plans" (PDF). U.S. Senate Homeland Security Committee. 2019-11-18. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "Research Security". Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "NSPM-33 Implementation Guidance" (PDF). White House OSTP. 2022-01-01. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "Research on Research Security Program". NSF. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "NASA-Funded Research Collaboration with Chinese Entities" (PDF). House Select Committee on the CCP. 2024. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "The China Initiative". U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "Universities turn to private intelligence to assess China risk". ScienceBusiness. 2024-08-06. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "US experts blow whistle on China's military ties to German universities". ScienceBusiness. 2023. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ Tatlow, Didi Kirsten (2024-10-10). "China's Quantum Drive: How the U.S. and Allies Are Fueling Beijing's Military Ambitions". Newsweek. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "China's Access to Foreign AI Technology". CSET. 2020. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "Policy on Sensitive Technology Research and Affiliations of Concern". Government of Canada. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "Commission proposes European Centre of Expertise on Research Security". European Commission. 2024-05-03. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "A New Institutional Approach to Research Security in the United States". CSET. 2023. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "China's Overseas Talent Recruitment Programs". Hoover Institution. 2021. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "Global Experiences on Research Security" (PDF). Sandia National Laboratories. 2023. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ McIntosh, Chris; Vitale, Hudson (2024). "Forensic Scientometrics and Research Security". Science and Public Policy. doi:10.1093/scipol/scad010.
- ^ "A new world for science research security". Axios. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
- ^ "Global Experiences on Research Security" (PDF). Sandia National Laboratories. Retrieved 2025-06-20.