Draft:Muhammad Muzaffar Khan Swati

• Comment: From the submission it looks like bio, In the description it is more of history. Owais Khursheed (Talk to me) 14:01, 13 February 2025 (UTC)

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Muhammad Muzaffar Khan Swati (Khan of Bhogarmang)

Standing at back: Shahzaman Khan Jadoon of Dhamtaur; Najim Khan Tarin of Darwesh; Fazl Khan Pani of Panian. Next row (standing): Ali Bahadur Khan Said Khani Utmanzai of Khalabat; Muhammad Khan Tanaoli of Kuthiala; Mukaddam Mh Abdullah Gujar of Kot Najibullah; Sultan Barkat Khan Bamba of Boi; Haidar Zaman Khan Gakhar of Khanpur; Ahmad Khan Dilazak of Serai Saleh; Kazi Fazl Ilahi Golra Awan of Sikandarpur; Muhammad Husain Khan Swati of Mansehra; Kazi Abdullah Jan Golra Awan of Sikandarpur; M. Muzaffar Khan Swati of Bhogarmang; Muhammad Sarwar Khan Gakhar, of Khanpur. Third row (seated on chairs): Hayat Khan Tanaoli of Sherwan; Said Muhammad Khan Karral of Dabrand; Ghulam Haidar Shah Syed of Kawai; Muhammad Husain Khan Swati of Garhi Habibullah Khan; Khanizaman Khan Tanaoli, Khan of Amb; Sultan Muhammad Khan, Tanaoli of Bir; Dost Muhammad Khan Tanaoli of Shingri; Fazl Shah Kureshi of Palasi; Satar Shah Kureshi of Palasi. Fourth row (seated on the ground): Kashtasib Khan Gakhar of Baghpur Dheri; Ahmad Khan Swati of Gidarpur; Ata Muhammad Khan Dhund of Lora; Resaldar Abdullah Khan Tanaoli of Chamhad; Mazulla Khan Said Khani Utmanzai of Dragri; Fakir Shah Syed of Kaghan; Munawar Shah Syed of Kaghan; Said Mahmud Mishwani of Sirikot; Ghazi Shah Syed of Kaghan.

Muzaffar Khan Bhogarmang was a prominent figure from the Bhogarmang area in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. He belonged to the Swati tribe and was recognized as a powerful Khan and Jagirdar. The British Viceroy honored him with the title of "Khan Bahadur" for his role in facilitating an agreement between the British Raj and Arsala Khan Swati, the Khan of Allai, who had rebelled against British rule. Muzaffar Khan's legacy is intertwined with the history of the Swati tribe and the Bhogarmang region, reflecting his influence and the recognition he received during his time.

Brief History of the Region and Swati Tribe

Hazara region was captured by Timurlane in 1399 returning from his invasion of India. He handed over the region to Karlugh Turks. During the decline of the Mughal dynasty changes of great importance took place in the political constitution of the tracts now included in the Hazara, primarily due to the decay of the vitality of the old families, and the increasing aggressiveness of the Pathans and their allied races. One of the most notable of these events was the invasion of Pakhli Sarkar ruled by Sultan Pakhal of the dynasty of the Jahangiri Sultans, by the Swatis in a succession of inroads during the seventeenth century. They came from Swat being driven out by pressure from the Pathan tribes. The prominent inroad was early in the eighteenth century, and was led by Syed Jalal Baba, whose tomb is in village Bhogarmang. The Turks were dispossessed, and the Swatis established themselves in the northern portion of the District and in the hill country adjoining to the west.

In 1752, Ahmad Shah Durrani captured Punjab and Kashmir including the Hazara region. Despite his overall rule, the region had less of his control and he managed the area through respective chiefs. The Pakhal region was controlled through Swati chiefs. He offered the chiefs large allowances, in exchange of soldiers when required and keeping the passage to Kashmir secure for his men. Due to the strategy adopted by the Durrani rule anarchy grew in the region and all the regional tribes including Swatis lived in isolation. Among the Swati tribe, Sadat Khan Swati of Garhi Sadat Khan (now Garhi Habibullah Khan) kept his tribe organized during these days of anarchy.

In the year 1818, Makhan Singh the Sikh Governor of Rawalpindi invaded Hazara and built a fort at Sarai Saleh. Makhan Singh levied all the taxes laid by Durrani rule initially but as Ranjeet Singh annexed Kashmir in 1820 he attempted to enforce taxation on the region. The action led the tribes in the region (Tareens, Swatis, Jadoons, Ghakhars, and Tanolis) to revolt and fight at Shah Muhammad on the Dor River, in which Makhan Singh was slain, the Sarai Saleh fort was captured by the local tribes. Hukma Singh Chimni, the Governor of Attock, marched out to punish the rebels; but after some skirmishing at Mota and at Sultanpur on the Haro River, his force was too weak for the purpose, he marched back to Attock, and wrote to Lahore for reinforcements. Lahore sent Diwan Ramdial and Colonel Illahi Bakhsh and part of Hazara submitted, but the Tareens, Saidkhani Utmanzais, and Mishwanis, opposed at Kara, by the foot of the Gandgar range, and Diwan was defeated, and himself slain. Ranjit Singh then sent Sardar Amar Singh Majithia to govern Lower Hazara, Upper Hazara—viz., the Swati and Tanawal country—being still ruled from Kashmir. Amar Singh proved effective in winning the entire lower region and impose taxation in all upper and lower Hazara. The Sikh rule continued with ups and downs until Hari Singh Nalwa, the Governor of Kashmir journey through Hazara in 1822 to report account to Ranjit Singh in Lahore. He with 7,000 soldiers came across 25,000 men from Jadoon and Tanoli tribes at Mangal where a deadly war happened leaving 2,000 men dead from the tribes and Mangal was but into ashes. He built a fort at Nawansher and garrisoned it to control the region. Ranjit Singh excused Hari Singh of the previous accounts on the victory and promoted him as Governor of all Hazara region. His rule was not very promising for the region and lasted between 1822 and 1836. In 1823 he inflictedsevere chastisement on the Jadoons, Swatis, and Tanaolis, who had taken advantage of his absence in the Derajat to rise and attack the forts at Nawansher, Shinkiari, and Darband. All the tribes were defeated facing heavy losses by the hands of Hari Singh in the Upper Hazara and his rule was reinstated. In lower Hazara Hari Singh faced defeat against the Saidkhani Utmanzais, and the Mishwanis at Nara on approach to Sirikot. This defeat caught attention of Ranjit Singh who personally invaded the region claiming all the region. After conquering the region, he handed the region back to Hari Singh he went back Lahore with Muhammad Khan Tareen as his POW. Hari Singh after reclaiming Hazara called on the heads of Tareens and Mishwanis and killed them brutally. Several low level events continued to happen in the region until the contest of Hindustani Fanatics and Tanoli alliance and Hari Singh in 1828. The Tanolis fled at the start of battle leaving behind Syed Ahmed Ali Shah at the hands of Hari Singh. The battle ended in defeat at Phulra, on the right bank of the Siran River west of Mansehra. In 1830, The Hindustani Fanatics allied with the Swati and Syed tribes from Bhogarmang, Konsh and Kaghan valleys led by Khalifa Said Ahmad. A battle was fought with a Sikh force under Sher Singh at Balakot. The alliance was defeated with great slaughter, their leader, Syed Ahmed, himself being among the killed and his body was flung into the river, but was recovered lower down at the village of Talhata, where it was buried. In 1831, Hari Singh claimed all the Hazara region by defeating all the key tribes. But his control over the Pakhal region was turbulent as reported by Von Hugel in 1835. After death of Hari Singh in the Battle of Jamrud in 1837 several Governors took over the region including Maha Singh, Sardar Teja Singh, Gulab Singh, Arbel Singh and Diwan Mulraj Dilwalia. But the region remained turbulent and in 1844 Gulab Singh of Kashmir sent military reinforcements under Diwan Ibrahim who were ambushed by the Syeds from Kaghan and Swatis from Balakot at a gorge below Kaghan village, Diwan Bela. Diwan Ibrahim was killed with all his men. By 1846, the Sikh rule was on a decline and witnessing it the Swatis from Bhogarmang, Balakot and Konsh, and Syeds from Kaghan, and Hindustani Fanatics called for a grand meeting at Kawai, Kaghan. The alliance formed in the meeting attacked the forts of Shinkiari, Bhairkund, Garhi Habibullah Khan, and Agror, and slew their garrisons. Diwan Mulraj made another attempt to conquer the Swati tribe joining hands with Nawab Khan Tanoli of Shingri but he betrayed him and claimed Sherwan fort instead. Viewing the victories other tribes in Hazara also rose and claimed their respective areas from Diwan Mulraj, putting an end to Sikh Rule in Hazara. Mulraj evacuated Hazara by April 16, 1846. During this time, the Sikh durbar entered in a peace agreement with the British Government reinforced on March 19, 1846 and Hazara region was handed over to the Gulab Singh of Kashmir. The action was not welcomed by the people and a delegation was sent to Captain Abbott in November 1946 at Hasan Abdal to take back the decision. Captain Abbott was working on settling boundaries between Punjab and Kashmir post the British-Sikh agreement. In the meanwhile another expedition started from Gulab Singh to conquer Upper Hazara, by sending a force commanded by Diwan Karam Chand, and accompanied by Vans Agnew and Lieutenant Lumsden, assistants to the Resident of Lahore. On the 6th of January, 1847, they were opposed ineffectually by the Swatis and Hindustanis at the Dub pass above Garhi Habibullah. Swatis and Hindustanis faced heavy losses and defeated. After the defeat, Sikh troops then swept through the valleys of Hazara, and secured the Maharajah in their possession. But most of the hill tracts remained in open rebellion, and the Jammu troops, which succeeded the Sikhs, were badly defeated at Mirpur and Namli Maira. Viewing the unconquerable hill tracts of Upper Hazara, Gulab Singh showed interest to trade this area with Jammu area with the Lahore Darbar. In May 1847, Major Abbott was deputed to Hazara by Lahore Darbar to assess the settlement and exchange of areas. He took charge on June 1, 1847 and was welcomed by the people of the region. Major Abbott found the Jammu troops throughout the region in a state of mutiny on account of long arrears of pay, and the subject of bitter complaints from the villagers on the score of oppression and extortion. Abbott gained support gradually from all the Chiefs of the tribes in Hazara either by expeditions or through diplomacy. The Sikhs under Chattar Singh revolted against Abbott between 1848 and 1849 also assisted by Dost Muhammad Khan from Afghanistan. But in February 1849 the Afghan troops after loosing the Battle of Gujrat fled back to Afghanistan leaving behind Chattar Singh, his son Sher Singh and his troops unassisted and British troops forced them to retreat from Hazara. Captain Abbott was praised for his gallantry stand by both Houses of Parliament. By mid 1849,the Hazara region was annexed under British Raj and Abbott became the first Deputy Commissioner. Abbott stayed in the District until 1853, and conducted two key expeditions i.e. the Black Mountain Expedition against the local tribes and the Kaghan Expedition against the Syed tribe in 1852. The Kaghan Expedition was response to the complaints by the local Gujar tribe against the Syeds. The British troops led by Colonel Mackeson, the Commissioner of Peshawar, together with Abbott and Lieutenant Pearse attacked the valley from Balakot, Bhogarmang, and Kashmir forcing the Syeds to retreat. Though a success, the expedition developed a rift between Colonel Mackeson and Abbott on establishing a police post in Kaghan to maintain control. The rift resulted in presenting the case to Board and Governor-General that decided the matter in favor of Mackenson and Major Abbott was replaced with Major Edwardes as Deputy Commissioner of Hazara in 1853.

Offences of the Allaiwals

• In 1863, when Allaiwals invaded Bhogarmang to aid the cause of Ata Muhammad Khan of Agror; but, beyond attaclkng a survey party under Mr. G. B. Scott, they did little damage. For this attack a fine of Rs 500 was imposed on the tribe.
• In November 1874 the Allaiwals, headed by their chief, Arsala Khan, made a raid within British territory upon a party of Kohistanis, murdering there e men and carrying off their flocks. This was at once punished by the seizure of some 60 Allaiwals, with flocks numbering 4,000 head, in British territory; a blockade of the tribe was proclaimed, and, notwithstanding the sympathies of our own Swati subjects with the marauders, the jirga of the tribe, for the first time in their history.
• On November 16, 1877 led by Arsala Khan they again committed an act of aggression on the British border, on the village of Battal in Konsh valley. In this raid 2 Hindus and 12 carried off. Houses were also set on fire, and property, valued at Rs. 37,000 by the owners, was carried off. Out of the 300 raiders 13 were killed and 12 taken prisoners. The purpose of the raid was to kidnap Samandar Khan, Jagirdar of Garhi Habibullah Khan (also an Honorary Magistrate under the British Government), who was in Battal at that time, but the raiders failed to effect this object.
• On December 2, 1877 Nelban, in the Konsh valley, was attacked by Khawas Khan with Allaiwals. Two villagers were killed and one wounded. The loss inflicted was estimated at Rs. 4,250, consisting of cattle and other property.
• On the December 9, 1877 an attack was made on Jabar by Khawas Khan with Allaiwals. Five men were wounded and one woman carried off; the loss inflicted amounted to Rs. 1,876. The raiders lost two men killed and one wounded. The cattle, however, were recovered by the villagers.
• Arsala Khan, in February 1879, in person, menaced the border at the head of a large armed following; but finding himself opposed to the Swatis of Pakhli, he entered into negotiations with their leaders and dispersed his following.

In 1888, the British Government imposed a fine of Rs. 6,500 as compensation for losses inflicted in raids by Allaiwals on British territory during past twenty years. The fine was to be remitted if they gave hostages and agreed to conduct a survey party along the crest of the range which divides Allai from Nandihar.

Agreement between Arsala Khan and British Government facilitated by Muzaffar Khan of Bhogarmang

In 1891, a jirga led by Muzaffar Khan Swati of Bhogarmang engaged Arsala Khan and demanded his submission to the British Government to which he agreed. As a gesture of friendship to the British Government Arsala Khan caused a child who had been kidnapped from Hazara to be restored on the demand of the district officer; and for this friendly action and reports from the Jirga led by Muzaffar Khan Swati of Bhogarmang he was informed that the British Government cancelled all claims against him for the past, if he maintains his friendly attitude in future as well. The British Viceroy honored Muhammad Muzaffar Khan Swati of Bhogarmang with the title of "Khan Bahadur" for his role in facilitating the agreement between the British Raj and Arsala Khan Swati.