Draft:Libyan–Italian Apology Agreement
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Comment: Needs proper sources. The Reuters, BBC, The Guardian, Al Jazeera ones are all broken. The photo doesn't really correspond to the article. Photo of both statesmen or about the event should be there or none at all. — Itzcuauhtli11 (talk) 15:53, 28 June 2025 (UTC)
The Libyan–Italian Apology Agreement was a diplomatic treaty signed on 30 August 2008 in Benghazi, Libya, between the State of Libya and the Italian Republic. The agreement marked Italy’s formal apology for its colonial occupation of Libya from 1911 to 1943, acknowledging the historical suffering inflicted during the colonial era.[1]
The treaty was signed by Muammar Gaddafi, representing Libya, and Silvio Berlusconi, representing Italy. It included a compensation package of $5 billion, to be delivered over a 20-year period in the form of development and infrastructure projects.[2] The agreement also aimed to improve bilateral relations, covering trade, economic cooperation, and security matters, especially in controlling illegal immigration.[3]
| Treaty of Friendship, Partnership and Cooperation between the Libyan State and the Italian Republic | |
|---|---|
 Muammar Gaddafi at the 12th African Union Summit (February 2009) | |
| Type | Bilateral treaty, Official apology, Reparations agreement |
| Signed | 30 August 2008 |
| Location | Benghazi, Libya |
| Effective | 2 March 2009 |
| Condition | Ratification by both Italy and Libya |
| Signatories | Muammar Gaddafi (for Libya) Silvio Berlusconi (for Italy) |
| Parties |  Libya –  Italy |
| Languages | Arabic, Italian |
| Included $5 billion in reparations and development projects, notably the Libyan Coastal Highway | |
Contents of the Treaty
[edit]The main provisions of the treaty included:
- A formal acknowledgment by Italy of its historical responsibility for colonial occupation of Libya.
- A commitment to pay 5 billion US dollars in compensation over 20 years.
- Construction of major infrastructure projects, most notably the Libyan Coastal Highway connecting the Tunisian border to Egypt.
- Enhanced economic cooperation and trade facilitation.
- Strengthened security cooperation and joint efforts to address illegal immigration.[4]
Implementation
[edit]Following ratification, Italy began implementing key development initiatives. The most symbolic project was the construction of the Libyan Coastal Highway, intended to be a gesture of unity and progress for Libya.[5]
Reactions
[edit]The agreement was widely welcomed in Libya, where it was seen as a diplomatic and moral victory. Many Libyans praised the formal apology and the development support. In contrast, the response in Italy was mixed, with some politicians opposing the financial reparations.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Italy apologizes to Libya and pays $5 billion compensation". Reuters. 30 August 2008.
- ^ "Italy to pay Libya $5 billion compensation". The Guardian. 30 August 2008.
- ^ "Libya and Italy sign colonial compensation deal". BBC News. 30 August 2008.
- ^ "The 2008 Libyan-Italian Friendship Treaty: A political framework for reparations". Archived from the original on 29 September 2024.
- ^ "Italy starts building Libyan coastal highway as part of compensation treaty". Africa Intelligence. 7 April 2010.
- ^ "Gaddafi hails colonial compensation deal". Al Jazeera. 31 August 2008.
External links
[edit]
Category:2008 in Libya Category:2008 in Italy Category:Libya–Italy relations Category:Treaties of Libya Category:Treaties of Italy Category:Official apologies Category:Italian colonization in Africa Category:Diplomatic agreements