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Draft:Impact of the September 11 attacks on entertainment

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  • Comment: This draft was created at the suggestion of a user who opposed a request to move List of entertainment affected by the September 11 attacks to a different title. Per Zxcvbnm: "This is clearly a list, and moving lists to non-lists is disruptive. You should probably rewrite the article first in a draft if you mean to change its scope to this extent." If you have any better title ideas for this non-list equivalent, feel free to suggest them on the talk page. – MrPersonHumanGuy (talk) 11:18, 22 July 2025 (UTC)
  • Comment: I've decided to retract my own submission out of courtesy for other AFC reviewers. That this would be redundant alongside its list counterpart is an absolutely valid point. – MrPersonHumanGuy (talk) 15:23, 22 July 2025 (UTC)

The September 11 attacks in the United States in 2001 had a significant impact on broadcast and venue entertainment businesses, prompting cancellations, postponements, and changes in content. In the United States and several other countries, planned television screenings of films and fictional programs where terrorism, plane crashes, bombs, or other related disasters that were the primary subject were postponed or cancelled.

Films

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Further information: Impact of the September 11 attacks on cinema

Numerous films that were in production were cancelled, and many films were edited. There were various reasons given for the alterations, including keeping material up-to-date, as a gesture of respect for those who died, and to avoid trauma for those emotionally affected by the attack. There are also many films which notably were not edited.

Roughly 45 films were edited or postponed because of the September 11 attacks.[1]

Edited films

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With the World Trade Center removed

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A teaser trailer of the 2002 film Spider-Man was recalled, as it featured Spider-Man capturing a helicopter filled with criminals in a web spun between the Twin Towers. A poster with the World Trade Center reflected in Spider-Man's eye was also recalled, while the short teaser trailer of the film also removed the towers from Spider-Man's eye reflection. Sony removed any mentions of the Twin Towers from the teaser images and trailer on the website. A shot of the World Trade Center (WTC) was deleted from the film, but it can be found on the Sony Stock Footage website.[2][3][4] The home video release of A Knight's Tale had the Spider-Man trailer removed as well.[5] Two scenes were added to the film in response to the attacks: in the first, a group of New Yorkers attack the Green Goblin over the Queensboro Bridge, with one saying, "You mess with Spidey, you mess with New York!", and another saying "You mess with one of us, you mess with all of us!". The second, a scene of Spider-Man hanging onto a flagpole with a large American flag, was seen in later trailers and at the end of the film.[6]

The WTC was digitally deleted from skyline shots in Zoolander, which was theatrically released nearly three weeks after the attacks.[7] However, the Twin Towers were later restored for the 2016 Blu-ray release.

Don't Say a Word was theatrically released nearly three weeks after the attacks, and the filmmakers contemplated delaying its release, but decided against it. However, they cut out and replaced shots of the towers from the edit, such as the opening shot, which shows Brooklyn instead.[8]

Men in Black II originally featured a climax that included the WTC, but the scene was changed to the Statue of Liberty.[9][10]

Shots of the World Trade Center were also removed from Stuart Little 2,[11] Serendipity,[12] Kissing Jessica Stein[7] and People I Know.[13] Scenes featuring the WTC were also edited out of television broadcasts of Armageddon[14] and, until Christmas 2018, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York.[15]

[edit]

In the 2002 re-release of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, the dialogue "You're not going as a terrorist" (spoken by the mother) was replaced with "You're not going as a hippie."[16]

For the film Spy Game, the level of smoke shown following a bombing was reduced because of its similarity to the smoking WTC wreckage.[17]

A scene in the 2002 film adaptation of The Time Machine where debris from the destroyed moon crashes into a building was edited due to its resemblance to the attacks.[18]

Lilo & Stitch originally showed Stitch, Jumba, Pleakley, and Nani hijacking a Boeing 747 to chase down Captain Gantu and rescue Lilo through the streets of Honolulu. However, this scene was changed to show them taking Jumba's spaceship and chasing Gantu around Hawaii's mountains. The original scene was included on the special edition DVD.[19]

A scene in The Powerpuff Girls Movie resembling the tragedy, with people falling from a toppling building and being ultimately saved by the Powerpuff Girls, was rethought and adjusted to avoid making a direct reference to the World Trade Center.[20]

Fox shelved previously scheduled airings of The X-Files movie (1998) and Independence Day (1996) on September 14 and 16, respectively. They were replaced by respective airings of Nine Months (1995) and There's Something About Mary (1998). The Peacemaker (1997) was also removed from ABC on the same day as Independence Day.[2]

Die Another Day was originally going to end with a North Korean satellite attack on Manhattan, which was moved to the Korean Demilitarized Zone after the attacks.[21]

Early versions of The Incredibles featured a scene where Mr. Incredible vents his emotions on an abandoned building, but ends up accidentally damaging a neighboring building as well. It was considered to be too reminiscent of the World Trade Center collapse and was replaced with a scene where Mr. Incredible and Frozone rescue trapped civilians from a burning building.[22]

Monsters, Inc. originally depicted the CDA blowing up a sushi restaurant as part of a decontamination effort, but the scene was replaced with the restaurant being quarantined under a dome of plasma instead. The filmmakers described the decision to alter the film in the Blu-ray "round-table discussion" bonus feature.[23]

Television

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News coverage

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See also: Media documentation of the September 11 attacks § Television channels

The television coverage of the September 11 attacks and their aftermath was the longest uninterrupted news event in U.S. television history, with the major U.S. broadcast networks on the air for 93 continuous hours. From the moment the news was broadcast that the first plane hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center, all programs and commercials were suspended, with all four networks broadcasting uninterrupted news coverage.[24] At the end of the night, Nielsen estimated that at least 80 million Americans watched the evening news, while an estimate by the University of Georgia held that about two billion people either watched the attacks in real time or through the news.[25]

The September 11 attacks were also the first time since the assassination of John F. Kennedy that television networks announced that there would be no television commercials or programs for an indefinite period of several days after the attacks, since it was widely felt that it was an inappropriate time for "fun and entertainment" programs to be shown when so much death and destruction was being seen live on television. During the week of the attacks, the networks' evening news broadcasts nearly doubled its average viewership audience, and it was estimated that American adults watched an average of eight hours of television a day, nearly doubling the average viewership audience. To keep up with the constant flow of information, many news networks began running continuous updates in a news ticker, which soon became a permanent fixture of many networks.[26]

On the day of the attacks and afterwards, news broadcasters scrambled to report accurate information, though erroneous information was occasionally broadcast. An examination of CNN's coverage of September 11, 2001 (which was replayed online, virtually in its entirety, on the fifth anniversary of the attacks in 2006) revealed that after the attack on the Pentagon, the network had also reported that a fire had broken out on the National Mall, and that according to a wire report, a car bomb had exploded in front of the State Department. It also broadcast an interview with a witness to the Pentagon attack who said it was a helicopter (not a plane) that hit the building. CNN was not alone in airing these or similar inaccurate reports, as subsequent examinations of coverage by other networks has shown.[24]

Reaction of various networks

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The major television stations in New York City provided local coverage of the World Trade Center attacks, though primarily through local cable systems, as their transmission facilities atop the WTC were destroyed, and they had to deal with six station engineers killed in the attacks.[27] Some cable networks suspended normal programming and simulcast news coverage from other networks. For example, Viacom-owned VH1 and MTV simulcast the feed from corporate sibling CBS, and Disney-owned ESPN and ESPN2 utilized the feed from corporate sibling ABC.[25]

Brazil's Rede Globo broadcast a special edition of Jornal Hoje (afternoon national newscast) at 12:00 p.m. Normally the program would air after local newscasts and a sports news show. When Jornal Hoje ended, Globo decided to restart its normal programming for the second time, with occasional breaks for the news division to announce updates about the situation.[28] It ran a special edition of its evening newscast Jornal Nacional at 8:15 p.m. The program broke the record of most-watched newscast of the year. According to official numbers later released, for each 100 televisions being watched at the time, 74 were tuned into Jornal Nacional. The special edition had William Bonner and Fátima Bernardes as hosts and had the participation of correspondents in New York (live), Washington DC, London and Beirut.[29] Correspondent Jorge Pontual was praised by critics after a memorable report right by the WTC.[30] In October 2002, that edition of the Jornal Nacional was nominated for the 30th International Emmy Awards.[31]

Use of pictures

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When asked for her thoughts on the attacks, First Lady Laura Bush stated that "we need to be very careful about our children". She warned parents not to let their children see the frightening images of destruction in a constant loop, and recommended that parents turn off the television and do something constructive, reassuring, and calming with their children.[32]

Programming

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On September 17, 2001, Politically Incorrect host Bill Maher's guest Dinesh D'Souza disputed President George Bush's label of the terrorists being "cowards", saying that the terrorists were warriors.[33] Maher agreed and, according to a transcript, replied, "We have been the cowards, lobbing cruise missiles from 2,000 miles away. That's cowardly. Staying in the airplane when it hits the building, say what you want about it, it's not cowardly."[33] The comments were widely condemned, and the show was cancelled the following June, which Maher and many others saw as a result of the controversy; however, ABC denied that the controversy was a factor, and said the show was cancelled due to declining ratings.[34][35][36] Maher said that the show struggled for advertisers in its final months.[37]

Family Guy creator and animator Seth MacFarlane was going to board Flight 11 to Los Angeles, but missed his flight due to drunkenness the night before.[38]

Delayed or cancelled entertainment awards shows

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The 2nd Annual Latin Grammy Awards, which was scheduled for September 11, was cancelled immediately after the attacks. After many discussions about rescheduling the ceremony, The Latin Recording Academy determined it would be impossible to do so. Instead, the winners were announced at a press conference on October 30 at the Conga Room.[39] The cancellation of the event cost the organizers an estimate of $2 million in losses.[40] Some of the winners were acknowledged at the 44th Grammy Awards. Furthermore, the attacks influenced the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences to hold the 2003 Grammy Awards ceremony in New York City as part of the "healing process".

The postponements and cancellations of various entertainment programs sparked rumors that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences were postponing or even canceling the 74th Academy Awards ceremony. However, in a written statement released by president Frank Pierson, he denied any rumors that the attacks would affect the scheduling of the awards presentation saying that "the terrorists will have won" if they cancelled it. Nevertheless, the show went on as planned on March 24, 2002. The security was much tighter than in previous years, and the show had a more somber tone. According to New York Magazine, there were 26 references to the attacks during the telecast.[41] On October 16, 2006, the awards event itself was designated a National Special Security Event by the United States Department of Homeland Security.

Music and radio

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Program directors from radio stations throughout the United States retooled their playlists in response to the attacks. Common changes included the heavy rotation of songs such as "God Bless the USA" by Lee Greenwood and Whitney Houston's rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" from Super Bowl XXV. Meanwhile, songs such as U2's "Sunday Bloody Sunday", Drowning Pool's "Bodies", and Dave Matthews Band's "Crash Into Me" were excluded from playlists. Additionally, Clear Channel (now known as iHeartMedia) came under scrutiny for distributing a list of 150 potentially sensitive songs that were not recommended for broadcast immediately after the attacks, including every Rage Against the Machine song.[42]

Christian rap metal band P.O.D. released their album Satellite on September 11, 2001, spurring success for the album and its lead single "Alive", which was seen as having a positive message in the aftermath of the attacks. Other bands associated with genres such as nu metal and rap metal experienced a downturn in sales due to the attacks; these genres continued to decline in popularity in the following years.[43][44]

According to Arrogant Worms band member Trevor Strong, the song "Worst Seat on the Plane" was never performed live due to Idiot Road (the album it was featured on) being released on September 18, 2001.[45]

Hungarian composer Robert Gulya, who lived in the United States from 2000 to 2002, began to work on a guitar concerto shortly after the September 11 attacks. Gulya chose a theme for the concerto's first movement,[46] which is reminiscent of the terror attacks.[47]

The cover artwork of Dream Theater's live album Live Scenes from New York, released on September 11, 2001, originally depicted the skyline of New York City in flames. The album was recalled and re-released with a different cover. The band later performed "Sacrificed Sons" on the album Octavarium as a tribute to the victims of the attacks. Keyboardist Jordan Rudess even did the album 4NYC as a charity album for the tragedy. The band changed the name of one song from their 2002 album Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence: "The Great Debate", which discusses stem-cell research controversies, was originally titled "Conflict at Ground Zero" based on the lyrics in the chorus, but was renamed as news reports began to refer to the site of the attacks as "Ground Zero".[48] The band was in a Manhattan studio conducting final mixes of the album on the day in question.[49]

English rock band Bush changed the name of the lead single off their 2001 album Golden State from "Speed Kills" to "The People That We Love". Also changed was the original cover art for the album, which featured a commercial airplane.[50]

The San Francisco Symphony continued with a previously planned program of Mahler's 6th Symphony, the "Tragic," on September 12–15. The subsequent recording was highly acclaimed and garnered the 2003 Grammy Award for Best Orchestral Performance.[51]

Before the 9/11 attacks, American DJ and media personality Khaled Mohamed Khaled often referred to himself as "DJ Khaled - The Arab Attack" before dropping the tag line out of concern about offending victims.[52]

The lyrics for Sean Altman's accapella song "Zombie Jamboree" was changed from "There's a high-wire zombie between the World Trades" to "There's an accapella zombie singing down Broadway".[53][54]

Theme parks

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The Walt Disney World attraction The Timekeeper, a 360-degree film presentation that featured a panoramic view of New York City (including the Twin Towers) closed on September 11, 2001, and updated the scene of New York City so that the titular character was sent to 2000, a year before the attacks, which caused all references to the WTC to be removed. The attraction closed five years later.[55]

Sports

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Cancellations

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Major League Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig called off games for one day,[56] extended cancellations for three days, then eventually postponed all games through September 16, 2001. The New York Mets' home series against the Pittsburgh Pirates from September 17–19 was moved to Pittsburgh due to security concerns, with the Mets functioning as the series' designated home team. The games were tacked onto the end of the regular season, delaying the postseason until October 9. As a result, the 2001 World Series became the first World Series to extend into November.[57] This was the third time in MLB history that games were cancelled due to war or national security reasons.[56] Games were previously cancelled on D-Day, and the 1918 season was shortened due to World War I.[56]

The Major League Soccer (MLS)'s final two weeks of the 2001 season were cancelled, with some teams only playing 26 or 27 matches instead of the planned 28. The playoffs, whose spots were already decided, were played as scheduled, beginning on September 20 and ending with the MLS Cup on October 21.[58][59]

The remaining three matches of the 2001 Women's U.S. Cup, featuring the United States women's national soccer team, were cancelled.[59][60]

NCAA Division I college football games originally scheduled to be played on September 13 and 15, 2001 were called off.[61]

USA Cycling cancelled the BMC Software Tour of Houston, a key event in that year's Pro Cycling Tour that had been scheduled for September 16.[62] The decision was made in spite of athletes, staff, and equipment being actively en route to Houston from the inaugural San Francisco Grand Prix, which was held on September 9.[63]

The Félix Trinidad vs. Bernard Hopkins world Middleweight championship boxing fight, which was to take place on September 15 at Madison Square Garden in New York, was postponed until September 29 due to the attacks. Also, a wrestling show was cancelled at the Madison Square Garden around the same date.[64]

Delays

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The UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup matches that were scheduled for September 12 and 13 were postponed to October 10 and September 20, 2001, respectively. Matches scheduled on the September 11 proceeded for logistical reasons, with a minute's silence observed and black armbands worn at the matches.[65]

Not delayed

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The 2001 American Memorial was a Championship Auto Racing Teams motor race held four days after the attacks at the EuroSpeedway Lausitz. It was not delayed, but was renamed from "German 500" by CART following the aftermath of the attacks.[66]

Formula One's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, announced that the 2001 Italian Grand Prix would proceed as scheduled.[67] Ferrari president Luca di Montezemolo said that his team would approach the race as a normal racing event instead of a traditional Ferrari festival. Furthermore, di Montezemolo stated Formula One should continue its normal schedule and not cancel races.[68] The Automobile Club d'Italia urged fans and spectators to behave "in keeping with the gravity of the situation and in collective participation in the pain of American citizens."[67] Podium celebrations were cancelled and all pre-race ceremonies including a flypast by the Italian Tricolour Arrows display team were called off.[69] Three teams altered their car's liveries as a mark of respect. Ferrari stripped their cars of all advertising and painted their nose cones black,[70] Jaguar fitted black engine covers to their R2 cars on Saturday morning,[71] and Jordan sponsor Deutsche Post replaced its branding with the American flag on the Jordan cars' engine covers on Sunday morning.[72] Michael Schumacher was reluctant to take part in the race, and said in 2002 that he felt it was a "bad sign" to be driving after the September 11 attacks.[73]

Video games

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The release of blockbuster title Grand Theft Auto III was delayed almost a month to make last-minute changes, since the game was set in a city loosely based on New York City. Development was also delayed due to Rockstar's offices being based near Ground Zero. The paint scheme of the city's police cars was changed from a blue-and-white design reminiscent of the New York City Police Department[74] to a black-and-white design reminiscent of the Los Angeles Police Department.[75][76] Other relatively minor changes included altering an AI plane's flight path which went near skyscrapers, and removing a few lines of pedestrian dialogue and talk radio.[77]

Syphon Filter 3's cover art was changed before release. It originally had Gabe Logan, viewed from an angle, pointing a gun at the camera with a look of anger while Lian swung into frame, guns a-blazing and with the American flag prominently displayed. It was changed to a generic head-view of Gabe and Lian.[78]

Activision delayed the release of Spider-Man 2: Enter: Electro in order to remove the Twin Towers and 9/11 references.[79]

Neversoft quickly edited the Airport level in Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3 a month prior to its release as it previously depicted a terrorist plot involving a bombing of a passenger airplane. The terrorists were instead reskinned as pickpockets and certain objectives renamed for sensitivity reasons.[80]

An art designer for the PlayStation 2 game Ace Combat 04: Shattered Skies realized an image that was about to release on the game's promotional website, depicting a battleship sinking near a populated cityscape, looked similar to the smoke plume from the Twin Towers' collapse. The designer discussed this with the staffer in charge of the website, and erased the city buildings from the image.[81] Namco also suspended its broadcast of a Japanese TV spot for the game.[82]

Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem was delayed as Joseph De Molay, a Templar Knight during the crusades, was removed from the game.[83] Textures that had Arabic writing were also removed.[84]

Metal Wolf Chaos was not localized into other languages and remained unreleased outside of Japan due to the political climate that followed the attacks.[85] However, it was eventually re-released worldwide as Metal Wolf Chaos XD in 2019.

Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, a blockbuster title which was released in North America and Japan two months after the attack, featured the Pentagon and the World Trade Center during its climax. After the Sept. 11 attacks, a scene showing the destruction of the Statue of Liberty and parts of Manhattan was cut from the game. Dialogue about terrorists targeting Manhattan was also removed.[86][87]

The Game Boy Advance game Advance Wars was delayed in Europe,[88] Japan, and Australia after having been released in North America. The game would release in Australia in 2001, Europe in 2002, and Japan in 2004.

The Xbox launch game Project Gotham Racing depicted the World Trade Center in the background on its initial box cover art, which was already printed to retailers as display cases. After the attacks, the artwork was altered before the game was released.[89]

The PlayStation 2 game Savage Skies was originally conceived as a licensed tie-in game based on the music and likeness of heavy metal musician Ozzy Osbourne under the name Ozzy's Black Skies with a song written specifically for the game called "Black Skies". Developer iRock Interactive was later forced to drop the Osbourne branding and retool the game as Savage Skies both due to concerns about the game's original title and premise being in poor taste in the aftermath of the attacks as well as licensing expenses, finally releasing the game in 2002; Osbourne would later include the song "Black Skies" as a bonus track on the single "Dreamer".[90]

During its development, Half-Life 2 featured an airplane crashing into a high-rise apartment, which was cut following the attacks.[91]

Other

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An advertisement published in 1979 (21 years before 9/11), in several French magazines for Pakistan International Airlines and their flights between Paris and New York showed a photograph of a flying jetliner's shadow projected onto the Twin Towers. When this image was rediscovered on the internet in the years after the attacks, it was noted for its coincidental use of imagery invoking the attack, particularly for the fact that Osama bin Laden hid in Pakistan and was later shot and killed there in 2011.[92]

Mad magazine's issue No. 411 was already at the printer with a gag front cover depicting the mascot Alfred E. Neuman having taken a wrong turn away from the New York Marathon route (an event occurring in October, when the issue was to be released) and jogging into a murder scene, where he cluelessly broke through yellow crime scene tape in triumph. The cover, which depicted downtown Manhattan and a corpse, was no longer appropriate in light of the September 11 attacks, but the magazine had just one deadline day to produce a replacement cover. This was accomplished with a closely cropped headshot of Neuman, with his trademark tooth gap filled in by a small American flag.[93][94]

The 2001 Boshears Skyfest was cancelled due to closed airspace following the attacks.[95]

Broadway theatre went dark until September 13, 2001, when shows resumed with dimmed marquees.[96]

George Carlin's 17th album and twelfth HBO stand-up special, Complaints and Grievances, originally given the working title I Kinda Like It When a Lot of People Die, was heavily reworked and retitled following the September 11 attacks.[97]

See also

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References

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