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Draft:Battle of Tuprah Qaleh (1822)

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Second Battle of Tupraq Qaleh
Part of Ottoman–Persian War (1821–1823)
Date1822
Location
Tupraq Qaleh
Result Ottoman victory[1][2][3]
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Qajar Dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Ottoman Empire Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha Hasan Khan
← Selim Pasha

Battle of Tuprah Qaleh (1822) was a battle during the Ottoman–Persian War (1821–1823).

Siege

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In 1822, the Iranian army, led by Abbas Mirza, attacked Kars in retaliation for the Ottoman Empire's military buildup. After this defeat, the Ottoman forces launched an offensive against Toprakkale, which was defended by only a small contingent of Iranian soldiers. Despite the attempts by Abbas Mirza to send reinforcements, the Ottoman forces successfully besieged the fort. The Ottomans emerged victorious after a hard-fought battle, securing the area despite ongoing efforts by the Iranians to reclaim it.[1][2][3][4][5]

Aftermath

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After the battle at Toprakkale, Abbas Mirza, in an attempt to show that he was not at war with the Ottoman Empire, sent Mirza Taqi Khan Mostofi, a high-ranking governor from Farahan, who was known for his resourcefulness and eloquence, to Erzurum. His mission was to engage in discussions with the defeated Ottoman representatives regarding a ceasefire, peace treaty, and the ongoing border disputes.

In response, Abbas Mirza sent a letter to the Governor of Erzurum, Rauf Pasha, proposing peace talks. Rauf Pasha, in turn, reciprocated by sending an envoy to Abbas Mirza. Meanwhile, tensions along the border continued, and the Ottoman Empire appeared to be completing all preparations for a potential military campaign against Iran, indicating that despite the peace overtures, the situation remained volatile.[1][2][3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Karadeniz, Yılmaz (2012). *İran Tarihi (1700-1925)* [History of Iran (1700-1925)]. Selenge Publishing. p. 312 (in Turkish). Available at: [1]
  2. ^ a b c Soofizadeh, Abdolvahid (2014). İran-Osmanlı Siyasi İlişkileri [Political Relations Between Iran and the Ottoman Empire]. T.C. Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of General Turkish History (in Turkish). pp. 64-65. Available at: [2](https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/70568/yokAcikBilim_10055576.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y).
  3. ^ a b c İpek, Yasin (2009). *Kaçar Hanlığı ve Bahâîler* [The Qajar Dynasty and the Bahá'ís]. T.C. Erciyes University Institute of Social Sciences (in Turkish). p. 52. Available at: [3](https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/135418/yokAcikBilim_340164.pdf?sequence=-1).
  4. ^ İPEK, Yasin (2023). İRAN'DA KAÇAR TÜRK HANEDANLIĞI, BABİLİK VE BAHAİLİK (in Turkish) (2nd ed.). İstanbul: Yasin İPEK. p. 76. ISBN 978-605-351-761-0.
  5. ^ Mirza Muhammed Taki Sipihr; a.g.e., s.237,333-335

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