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Dengying Formation

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Dengying Formation
Stratigraphic range: Ediacaran
~551–541 Ma
Transition between uppermost Doushantuo Formation and lowermost Dengying Formation
TypeFormation
Sub-unitsSee: Members
UnderliesYanjiahe Formation[1]
OverliesDoushantuo Formation
Location
RegionYangtze Gorges
Country China

The Dengying Formation is an upper Ediacaran (551-541 Ma[2]) fossiliferous geologic formation found in South China. It was deposited on a shallow marine carbonate platform.[3]

Members

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Listed by ascending age:

  • The Hamajing Member is characterized by light grey, medium- to thick-bedded dolomite, intercalated with thin layers of chert.[3]
  • The Shibantan Member is interpreted to represent a subtidal environment and is composed of dark grey, thin-bedded bituminous limestone. It is the most fossiliferous of the Dengying Formation members and has yielded several trace fossils, such as Lamonte,[4] as well as possible lobopodian trackways. [5]
  • The Baimatuo Member consists of light grey, thick-bedded dolomite.[3]

Traditionally, the Tianzhushan Member was considered to be the uppermost unit of the Dengying Formation. However, its small shelly fossils and Micrhystridium-like acritarchs are a shared characteristic with the Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation.[3]

Paleobiota

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The Dengying formation is unique from other Ediacaran formations in that its top is almost right up against the Ediacaran - Cambrian boundary, with more recent organisms being described that have striking similarities with Cambrian fauna, like Alienum. There are also a lot of ichnogenera in the form of burrows, something that is common in younger Ediacaran rocks the closer to the Cambrian boundary they are.

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Proarticulata

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Genus Species Notes Images
Dickinsonia[6]
  • Dickinsonia sp.
 Oval to elongated motile organism. Only one incomplete specimen is known.

Petalonamae

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Genus Species Notes Images
Charniodiscus[7]
  • Charniodiscus sp.
 Frondose organism.
Paracharnia[8]
  • P. denyingensis
 Frondose organism.
Pteridinium[7]
  • Pteridinium sp.
 Frondose organism.
Rangea[7]
  • Rangea sp.
 Frondose organism.

Trilobozoa

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Genus Species Notes Images
Lobodiscus[9]
  • L. tribrachialis
 Tri-radial organism.

incertae sedis

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Genus Species Notes Images
Alienum[10]
  • A. velamenus
 Vetulicolian-like organism.
Cloudina[11]
  • Cloudina sp.
 Tubular organism.
Curviacus[12]
  • C. ediacaranus
 Elongated organism.
Conotubus[13]
  • C. hemiannulatus
 Tubular organism.
Cycliomedusa[14]
  • C. jiangchuanensis
 Discoid organism.
Gaojiashania[15]
  • G. cyclus
 Tubular organism.
Hiemalora[7]
  • Hiemalora sp.
 Discoid organism, possibly holdfasts of petalonamids.
Palaeorhopalon[11]
  • P. spiniferum
 Tubular organism.
Shufangtubulus[11]
  • S. inornatus
 Tubular organism.
Sinotubulites[16][11]
  • Sinotubulites sp.
  • S. baimatuoensis
  • S. hexagonus
  • S. pentacarinalis
  • S. triangularis
 Tubular organism.
Wutubus[7]
  • W. annularis
 Tubular organism.
Yangtziramulus[17]
  • Y. zhangi
 Enigmatic organism, affinities with other forms is unknown, although possibly related to the Petalonamae, like Charnia.
Yilingia[18]
  • Y. spiciformis
 Bilterian animal of unknown affinities, with possible relations to Panarthopoda or Annelida.

Flora

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Genus Species Notes Images
Longfengshania[14]
  • Longfengshania sp.
 Thallus-like macroalgae.
Protocodium[19]
  • P. sinense
 Codiacean alga.

Microorganisms

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Genus Species Notes Images
Protolagena[20]
  • P. limbata
  • P. gaojiashanensis
  • P. papillatus
 Vase-like microorganisms.
Sicylagena[20]
  • S. formosa
  • S. latistoma
 Vase-like microorganisms.

Ichnogenera

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Genus Species Notes Images
Lamonte[21]
  • L. trevallis
 Burrows.
Helminthoidichnites
  • Helminthoidichnites isp.
 Burrows.
Shaanxilithes
  • Shaanxilithes isp.
 Junior synonym of Nenoxites.
Nenoxites
  • Nenoxites isp.
 Movement traces.
Torrowangea
  • Torrowangea isp.
 Burrows.

Undescribed

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Genus Species Notes Images
Zhenba columns[22]
  • ???
 Possible affinities with coralline algae.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Dong, Lin; Xiao, Shuhai; Shen, Bing; Zhou, Chuanming; Guoxiang, Li; Yao, Jinxian (2009). "Basal Cambrian Microfossils from the Yangtze Gorges Area (South China) and the Aksu Area (Tarim Block, Northwestern China)". Journal of Paleontology. 83 (1): 30–34. Bibcode:2009JPal...83...30D. doi:10.1666/07-147R.1. S2CID 129410378. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
  2. ^ Condon, Daniel; Zhu, Maoyan; Bowring, Samuel; Wang, Wei; Yang, Aihua; Jin, Yugan (2005). "U–Pb ages from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, China". Science. 308 (5718): 5–98. Bibcode:2005Sci...308...95C. doi:10.1126/science.1107765. JSTOR 3841402. PMID 15731406. S2CID 11673032.
  3. ^ a b c d Zhou, Chuanming; Xiao, Shuhai (2006). "Ediacaran .δ13C chemostratigraphy of South China". Chemical Geology. 237 (1–2): 89–108. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.021.
  4. ^ Meyer, Mike; Xiao, Shuhai; Gill, Benjamin C.; Schiffbauer, James D.; Chen, Zhe; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai (2014). "Interactions between Ediacaran animals and microbial mats: Insights from Lamonte trevallis, a new trace fossil from the Dengying Formation of South China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 396: 62–74. Bibcode:2014PPP...396...62M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.026.
  5. ^ Chen, Zhe; Chen, Xiang; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai; Xiao, Shuhai (June 2018). "Late Ediacaran trackways produced by bilaterian animals with paired appendages". Science Advances. 4 (6): eaao6691. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.6691C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao6691. hdl:10919/84444. PMC 5990303. PMID 29881773.
  6. ^ Wang, Xiao-Peng; Chen, Zhe; Pang, Ke; Zhou, Chuan-Ming; Xiao, Shuhai; Wan, Bin; Yuan, Xun-Lai (December 2021). "Dickinsonia from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China". Palaeoworld. 30 (4): 602–609. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2021.01.002.
  7. ^ a b c d e Chen, Zhe; Zhou, Chuanming; Xiao, Shuhai; Wang, Wei; Guan, Chengguo; Hua, Hong; Yuan, Xunlai (25 February 2014). "New Ediacara fossils preserved in marine limestone and their ecological implications". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 4180. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4.4180C. doi:10.1038/srep04180.
  8. ^ Sun Weiguo (June 1986). "Late precambrian pennatulids (sea pens) from the eastern Yangtze Gorge, China: Paracharnia gen. nov". Precambrian Research. 31 (4): 361–375. Bibcode:1986PreR...31..361S. doi:10.1016/0301-9268(86)90040-9.
  9. ^ Zhao, Mingsheng; Mussini, Giovanni; Li, Yulan; Tang, Feng; Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Li, Ming; Chen, Ailin (February 2024). "A putative triradial macrofossil from the Ediacaran Jiangchuan Biota". iScience. 27 (2): 108823. Bibcode:2024iSci...27j8823Z. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.108823. PMID 38303714.
  10. ^ Liu, Junping; Chen, Ailin; Li, Binglin; Tang, Feng; Zhao, Jiangtai; Chen, Ke (6 October 2024). "Problematic Ediacaran sail-shaped fossils from eastern Yunnan, China". Historical Biology: 1–7. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2403588.
  11. ^ a b c d Dai, Qiaokun; Hua, Hong; Luo, Jinzhou; Min, Xiao; Liu, Ziwei; Zhang, Song; Gong, Meng; Bai, Lin (April 2024). "A new silicified microfossil assemblage from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in South Shaanxi, China". Precambrian Research. 403: 107308. Bibcode:2024PreR..40307308D. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107308.
  12. ^ Shen, Bing; Xiao, Shuhai; Zhou, Chuanming; Dong, Lin; Chang, Jieqiong; Chen, Zhe (November 2017). "A new modular palaeopascichnid fossil Curviacus ediacaranus new genus and species from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China". Geological Magazine. 154 (6): 1257–1268. Bibcode:2017GeoM..154.1257S. doi:10.1017/S001675681700036X.
  13. ^ Cai, Yaoping; Schiffbauer, James D.; Hua, Hong; Xiao, Shuhai (November 2011). "Morphology and paleoecology of the late Ediacaran tubular fossil Conotubus hemiannulatus from the Gaojiashan Lagerstätte of southern Shaanxi Province, South China". Precambrian Research. 191 (1–2): 46–57. Bibcode:2011PreR..191...46C. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.09.002.
  14. ^ a b Zhao, Mingsheng; Zhang, Yupeng; Tang, Feng; Li, Yulan; Li, Ming; Zhong, Ling; Ren, Liudong (March 2025). "Enigmatic discoidal macrofossils with central ring from the Ediacaran Jiangchuan biota, Southwest China". Papers in Palaeontology. 11 (2). Bibcode:2025PPal...11E0005Z. doi:10.1002/spp2.70005.
  15. ^ Cai, Yaoping; Hua, Hong; Zhang, Xingliang (January 2013). "Tube construction and life mode of the late Ediacaran tubular fossil Gaojiashania cyclus from the Gaojiashan Lagerstätte". Precambrian Research. 224: 255–267. Bibcode:2013PreR..224..255C. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2012.09.022.
  16. ^ Cai, Yaoping; Xiao, Shuhai; Hua, Hong; Yuan, Xunlai (May 2015). "New material of the biomineralizing tubular fossil Sinotubulites from the late Ediacaran Dengying Formation, South China". Precambrian Research. 261: 12–24. Bibcode:2015PreR..261...12C. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2015.02.002.
  17. ^ Shen, Bing; Xiao, Shuhai; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai (July 2009). "Yangtziramulus zhangi new genus and species, a carbonate-hosted macrofossil from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China". Journal of Paleontology. 83 (4): 575–587. Bibcode:2009JPal...83..575S. doi:10.1666/08-042R1.1.
  18. ^ Chen, Zhe; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai; Xiao, Shuhai (19 September 2019). "Death march of a segmented and trilobate bilaterian elucidates early animal evolution". Nature. 573 (7774): 412–415. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..412C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1522-7. PMID 31485079.
  19. ^ Chai, Shu; Aria, Cédric; Hua, Hong (21 September 2022). "A stem group Codium alga from the latest Ediacaran of South China provides taxonomic insight into the early diversification of the plant kingdom". BMC Biology. 20 (1): 199. doi:10.1186/s12915-022-01394-0. PMC 9491005. PMID 36127662.
  20. ^ a b Chai, Shu; Hua, Hong; Ren, Jinjie; Dai, Qiaokun; Cui, Zaihang (January 2021). "Vase-shaped microfossils from the late Ediacaran Dengying Formation of Ningqiang, South China: taxonomy, preservation and biological affinity". Precambrian Research. 352: 105968. Bibcode:2021PreR..35205968C. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105968.
  21. ^ Meyer, Mike; Xiao, Shuhai; Gill, Benjamin C.; Schiffbauer, James D.; Chen, Zhe; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai (February 2014). "Interactions between Ediacaran animals and microbial mats: Insights from Lamonte trevallis, a new trace fossil from the Dengying Formation of South China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 396: 62–74. Bibcode:2014PPP...396...62M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.026.
  22. ^ Zhang, Yuan; Zhang, Xingliang (September 2022). "A possible erect coralline alga from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Zhenba area of South China". Journal of Paleontology. 96 (5): 1209–1222. Bibcode:2022JPal...96.1209Z. doi:10.1017/jpa.2022.33.
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