Consolidated P2Y
| P2Y | |
|---|---|
 Consolidated Model 22 (P2Y) | |
| General information | |
| Type | Flying boat |
| Manufacturer | Consolidated Aircraft |
| Status | Retired |
| Primary user | United States Navy |
| Number built | 78[1][2] |
| History | |
| First flight | 26 March 1932 |
| Retired | 1941 |
The Consolidated P2Y was an American sesquiplane maritime patrol flying boat. The aircraft was also made by Martin as the P3M, as a parasol monoplane, due to the Navy awarding production contracts separately from prototype contracts.
Development
[edit]Designed to meet a 28 February 1928 U.S. Navy contract, the prototype Model 9, XPY-1, a parasol monoplane, was designed by Isaac M. 'Mac' Laddon in accordance to the specifications laid out by Captain Holden C. "Dick" Richardson. Construction began in March 1928 and the aircraft was ready to fly by the end of 1928, and it made its first flight on 10 January 1929 at Anacostia NAS, Washington, D.C.[3]
In standard Navy practice, production contracts were open to other bidders, and Martin underbid Consolidated and was awarded the contract to build them as the Martin P3M-1 and P3M-2.[3] Three P3M-1s and six P3M-2s were built;[4] one XP2M-1 was also built to a similar design, powered by three Wright Cyclone engines but following the removal of the third engine it was redesignated XP2M-2.[5] The third engine on the XPY-1 had been studied and rejected by Navy Bureau of Aeronautics staff.[6]
The Navy placed a new contract on 26 May 1931 for an improved version, designated the Model 22 Ranger by Consolidated. It incorporated features of the Model 16 Commodore, such as the enclosed cockpit,[2] and was designated XP2Y-1 by the Navy. This new prototype had the same 100-foot (30 m) top wing, but became a sesquiplane with a smaller lower wing mounted to the top of the hull, replacing struts supporting the wingtip floats. Two Wright R-1820-E1 Cyclone engines were located on the underside of the top wing and had narrow-chord cowlings. A third similar engine was mounted on struts above the wing, but was removed after the first test in April 1932.[1]
The Navy ordered 23 P2Y-3s as production models similar to the P2Y-2s that were modified from the original batch of P2Y-1s.
Operational history
[edit]The Navy ordered 23 P2Y-1s on 7 July 1931. By mid-1933 they were serving with squadrons VP-10F and VP-5F, which made a number of long-range formation flights.[2] At least 21 P2Y-1s were modified into P2Y-2s in 1936 and flown by VP-5F and VP-10F until 1938, when they were transferred to VP-14 and VP-15.
The first P2Y-3s reached VP-7F in 1935, and this version was flown by VP-4F at Pearl Harbor and in 1939 was in operation with VP-19, VP-20, and VP-21. By the end of 1941, all the P2Y-2s and P2Y-3s had been withdrawn from operational use and were at Naval Air Station Pensacola.[1]
The Colombian Air Force used one Commodore P2Y as a bomber in the Colombia-Peru War in 1932–1933.
The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service evaluated the Consolidated P2Y as the Consolidated Navy Experimental Type C Flying-Boat.
A P2Y-3 was used to test Curtiss electric propellers in 1936.[7]
Variants
[edit]
- XP2Y-1
- One prototype[1]
- P2Y-1
- Navy version of the Commodore. 23 were ordered on July 7, 1931, and were delivered to Patrol Squadron 10 (VP-10) at Norfolk, Virginia on February 1, 1933.[3]
- P2Y-1C
- One aircraft delivered to Colombia in December 1932.[1]
- P2Y-1J
- One aircraft delivered to Japan in January 1935.[1]
- XP2Y-2
- One prototype[1]
- P2Y-2
- More powerful R-1820-88 engines faired into the leading edges of the wing. Other -1s were converted in 1936[3]
- P2Y-3
- Production version of the -2. 23 were ordered on 27 December 1933, which entered service with VP-7 in early 1935.[3]
- Consolidated Navy Experimental Type C Flying Boat.
- The full designation of the P2Y evaluated by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service.
- HXC
- Short designation for the P2Y evaluated by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air service.
Operators
[edit]
- Argentine Naval Aviation – six P2Y-3A, 1936–49[8]
- Colombian Air Force – one P2Y-1C
- Imperial Japanese Navy – one P2Y-1J as HXC
Specifications (P2Y-3)
[edit]Data from The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft;[2] range from American Aircraft of World War II[9]
General characteristics
- Crew: five
- Length: 61 ft 9 in (18.82 m)
- Wingspan: 100 ft 0 in (30.48 m)
- Height: 19 ft 1 in (5.82 m)
- Wing area: 1,514 sq ft (140.65 m2)
- Empty weight: 12,769 lb (5,792 kg)
- Gross weight: 25,266 lb (11,460 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Wright R-1820-90 Cyclone radial piston , 750 hp (559 kW) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 149 mph (240 km/h, 129 kn)
- Cruise speed: 118 mph (189 km/h, 103 kn)
- Range: 1,180 mi (1,899 km, 1,030 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 16,100 ft (4,265 m)
- Rate of climb: 650 ft/min (3.3 m/s)
Armament
- 1 × flexible bow-mounted .30 in (7.62 mm) M1919 Browning machine guns
- 2 × flexible dorsal-mounted .30 in (7.62 mm) M1919 Browning machine guns
- 2,000 lb (910 kg) bombload
See also
[edit]Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Swanborough and Bowers 1976
- ^ a b c d Eden and Moeng 2002, p. 481.
- ^ a b c d e Donald 1997, p. 268.
- ^ Rickard, J (2008-08-08). "Martin P3M flying boat". HistoryOfWar.org. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
- ^ Johnson 2011, p. 154.
- ^ O'Neill "A Dream of Eagles" page 108, 290
- ^ White, Graham (2001). R-2800: Pratt & Whitney's Dependable Masterpiece. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: Society of Automotive Engineers. p. 318. ISBN 0-7680-0272-9.
- ^ "Histarmar – Consolidated P2Y-3A" (in Spanish) (retrieved 2015-01-31)
- ^ Hanson, David (February 2009). "Consolidated P2Y". American Aircraft of World War II. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
- ^ Johnson, E.R. (2009). American Flying Boats and Amphibious Aircraft: An Illustrated History (illustrated ed.). McFarland. pp. 186–187. ISBN 978-0786439744.
Bibliography
[edit]- Donald, David. The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero Books, 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
- Eden, Paul and Soph Moeng. The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2002. ISBN 0-7607-3432-1.
- Johnson, E.R. (2011). United States Naval Aviation, 1919–1941: Aircraft, Airships and Ships Between the Wars. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0786445509.
- O'Neill, Ralph A. "A Dream of Eagles" Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company 1972.
- Swanborough, F. Gordon and Peter M. Bowers. United States Military Aircraft Since 1909. New York: Putnam, 1964. ISBN 0-85177-816-X.
- Swanborough, F. Gordon and Peter M. Bowers. United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1976. ISBN 0-87021-968-5.
Further reading
[edit]- Ginter, Steve (2013). Consolidated P2Y Ranger. Naval Fighters. Vol. Nº96 (First ed.). California, United States: Ginter Books. ISBN 978-0-9892583-1-9. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
External links
[edit]