Coelum Stellatum Christianum

Coelum Stellatum Christianum
	Cover of Coelum Stellatum Christianum
Author	Julius Schiller, Johann Bayer
Illustrator	Lucas Kilian
Language	Latin
Subject	Uranography
Publisher	Andreas Aperger
Publication date	1627

The Coelum Stellatum Christianum is a star atlas published in 1627 by Julius Schiller (c. 1580–1627), with the collaboration of Johann Bayer (1572–1625). In the treatise, which was published by Andreas Aperger at Augsburg during the same year as Schiller's death, pagan constellations were replaced with biblical figures and Christian motifs. Schiller replaced the zodiac constellations with the Twelve Apostles, the northern constellations with New Testament figures, and the southern constellations with Old Testament figures.^[1]

The planets, the Sun, and the Moon were also replaced by biblical figures:^[1]

The Sun is replaced by Jesus Christ.
The Moon is replaced Mary.
Mercury is replaced by Elijah.
Venus is replaced by John the Baptist.
Mars is replaced by Joshua.
Jupiter is replaced by Moses.
Saturn is replaced by Adam.

The engravings in the atlas were by Lucas Kilian.

Constellations

New Testament

In general, New Testament figures and motifs correspond with constellations located to the north of the ecliptic:

No.	IAU constellation	Coelum Stellatum Christianum (English)	Coelum Stellatum Christianum (Latin)^[2]
I	Ursa Minor	Saint Michael the Archangel, head of the army	Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, Principis Militiæ
II	Ursa Major	Barque of Saint Peter the Apostle	Naviculæ S. Petri Apostoli
III	Draco	The Holy Innocent Children	Sanctorum Innocentum Puerorum
IV	Cepheus	Saint Stephen the Protomartyr	Sancti Stephani Protomaryris
V a.	Bootes	Saint Sylvester, Supreme Pontiff	Sancti Silvestri Pontificis Max
V b.	Coma Berenices	Whip of Christ the Lord	Flagelli XPI Domini
VI	Corona Borealis	The awful and thorny royal Crown of Christ the King	Tremendæ et Spineæ XPI Regis Regum Coronæ
VII	Hercules	The Three Holy Kings	Sanctorum Trium Regum
VIII	Lyra	The thrice reverend Manger of Christ the Saviour	Ter Venerandi Præsepii Salvatoris Christi
IX	Cygnus	The salvific and thrice-great Cross of Christ with its august discoverer, Saint Helena	Salutiferæ et Termagnæ Crucis XPI cum Augusta Eius Inventrice S. Helena
X	Cassiopeia	Saint Mary Magdalene	Sanctæ Mariæ Magdalenæ
XI	Perseus	Saint Paul the Apostle and teacher of the nations	Sancti Pauli Apostoli Gentiumque Doctoris
XII	Auriga	Saint Jerome, Doctor of the Church	Sancti Hieroymi Ecclesiæ Doctoris
XIII	Ophiuchus	The Holy Father Benedict among the brambles	Sancti Patris Benedicti Inter Spinas
XIV	Serpens	Brambles of Saint Benedict	Spinarum S. Benedicti
XV	Sagitta	Most Holy Nails and Lance of Christ the Lord crucified	Sanctiss. Clavorum et Lanceæ Christi Domini Crucifixi
XVI	Aquila	Saint Catherine the Virgin and Martyr	Sanctæ Catarinæ Virginis et Martyris
XVII	Delphinus	Water jug of Cana in which water was turned to wine	Hydriæ Chananeæ aquæ in vinum versæ
XVIII	Equuleus	Mystic Rose or rose-branch	Rose Mysticæ sive frondis rosæ
XIX	Pegasus	Saint Gabriel the Archangel	Sancti Gabrielis Archangelæ
XX	Andromeda	Sepulchre of Christ Triumphant	Sepulchri XPI Triumphatoris
XXI	Triangulum	Papal mitre of Saint Peter	Mitræ Pontificalis S. Petri
XXXII	Cetus	Saints Joachim and Anne, Parents of the Mother of God	Sanctorum Joachimi et Annæ Parentum Deiparæ
XXXVI	Orion	Saint Joseph, Husband of Mary	Sancti Joseph Viri Mariæ

Old Testament

In general, Old Testament figures and motifs were applied to constellations to the south of the ecliptic:

No.	IAU constellation	Coelum Stellatum Christianum (English)	Coelum Stellatum Christianum (Latin)^[2]
XXXV	Eridanus	Israel crossing even through the Red Sea	Transitus Israel Nempe per Mare Rubrum
XXXVII a.	Lepus	Fleece of Gideon	Velleris Gideonis
XXXVII b.	Columba	Noah's dove	Columbæ Noachi
XXXVIII	Canis Major	Holy King David	Sancti Regis Davidis
XXXIX	Canis Minor	Paschal Lamb	Agni Paschalis
XL	Puppis, Carina, Vela, Pyxis (Argo Navis)	The patriarch Noah's Ark	Archæ Patriarchæ Noachi
XLI	Hydra	Jordan River (not to be confused with Jordanus)	Iordanis Fluvii
XLII and XLIII	Crater, Corvus	Holy Ark of the Covenant	Sanctæ Arcæ Foederis
XLIV	Centaurus	Holy patriarchs Abraham and Isaac	Sanctorum Patriarcharum Abrahami et Isaaci
XLV	Lupus	Holy patriarch Israel or Jacob	Sancti Israelis Sive Jacobi Patriarchæ
XLVI	Ara	Altar of offerings	Altaris Thymiamatis
XLVII	Corona Australis	Crown of King Solomon	Diadematis Regis Salomonis
XLVIII	Piscis Austrinus	Flour barrel of the widow of Zarephath	Hydriæ Farinæ Sarepthanæ Viduæ
XLIX	Grus, Phoenix	The high priest Aaron	Aaronis Summi Sacerodotis
L	Pavo, Indus	Job, servant of God	Servi Dei Iob
LI	Musca	Eve, mother of all living [people]	Evæ Matris Cunctorum Viventium
LII	Triangulum Australe	Mystic sign of tau	Signi Mystici Tav
LIII	Volans, Dorado	The righteous Abel	Abbelis Iusti
LIV	Tucana, Hydrus	Saint Raphael the Archangel	Sancti Raphaelis Archangeli

Apostles

The twelve zodiac signs were replaced by the Twelve Apostles, with Judas Iscariot excluded and replaced by Saint Matthias:

No.	IAU constellation	Coelum Stellatum Christianum (English)	Coelum Stellatum Christianum (Latin)^[2]
XXII	Aries	Saint Peter, Prince of the Apostles	Sancti Petri Principus Apostolorum
XXIII	Taurus	Saint Andrew the Apostle	Sancti Andreæ Apostoli
XXIV	Gemini	Saint James the Elder the Apostle	Sancti Iacobi Maioris Apostoli
XXV	Cancer	Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist	Sancti Ioannis Apostoli et Evangelistæ
XXVI	Leo	Saint Thomas the Apostle	Sancti Thomæ Apostoli
XXVII	Virgo	Saint James the Younger the Apostle	Sancti Jacobi Minoris Apostoli
XXVIII	Libra	Saint Philip the Apostle	Sancti Philippi Apostoli
XXIX	Scorpius	Saint Bartholomew the Apostle	Sancti Bartholoomæ Apostoli
XXX	Sagittarius	Saint Matthew the Apostle and Evangelist	Sancti Matthæi Apostoli et Evangelistæ
XXXI	Capricornus	Saint Simon the Zealot the Apostle	Sancti Simonis Zelotis Apostoli
XXXII	Aquarius	Saint Jude Thaddeus the Apostle	Sancti Ivdæ Thadæi Apostoli
XXXIII	Piscis	Saint Matthias the Apostle	Sancti Matthiæ Apostoli