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Coal Aston Aerodrome

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Coordinates: 53°19′41″N 1°27′58″W / 53.328°N 1.466°W / 53.328; -1.466
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Coal Aston Aerodrome
RAF Greenhill
RAF Coal Aston
Greenhill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire in England
Site information
OperatorRFC 1915–1918
RAF 1918–1921
Location
Relief map of South Yorkshire showing location of the aerodrome
Relief map of South Yorkshire showing location of the aerodrome
Coal Aston Aerodrome
Coordinates53°19′41″N 1°27′58″W / 53.328°N 1.466°W / 53.328; -1.466
Grid referenceSK357814[1]
Area206 acres (83 ha) (1917 onwards)
Site history
Built1915–1916
In use1916–1921
FateConverted to housing, retail and educational establishments
Airfield information
Elevation633 feet (193 m) AMSL

Coal Aston Aerodrome was a First World War era airbase operated by the Royal Flying Corps, and then the Royal Air Force, between 1915 and 1921. Originally built as a both a day and night landing ground for the defence of Sheffield, South Yorkshire,[i] the site later became the Northern Aircraft Repair Depot (NARD). The base had several names, but it was most commonly known as Coal Aston.

History

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The base was built in 1915, and even though it was in the Greenhill area of Sheffield, it was always known as Coal Aston.[2] The village of Coal Aston is in Derbyshire, but the base was within South Yorkshire.[3] To confuse matters further, another airfield, at nearby Apperknowle, was also later known as Coal Aston.[4][ii][7] The base was built in the suburb of Greenhill in 1916 to enable air defence of Sheffield, which was 3 miles (4.8 km) to the north.[8] It was later reformed to become the Northern Aircraft Repair Depot (NARD), and was known as RFC Greenhill, No. 2 NARD, RAF Coal Aston, and finally RAF Greenhill.[9] Although it was in Greenhill, the site was sometimes referred to locally as Norton Aerodrome, causing confusion with nearby RAF Norton (to the east) which was a non-flying station, but had air displays and static aircraft.[10]

The initial landing area was developed in late 1915 as a training base, and the land covered an area of 203 acres (82 ha), measuring 1,800 yards (1,600 m) by 600 yards (550 m).[1][11][12] A detachment of No. 33 (HD) Squadron RFC was based at Coal Aston from March to October 1916.[13][14] The base consisted of five distinct areas; the grassed aircraft area with hangarage, the men's camp to the north across the road, the women's camp across the road from the men's camp westwards, a prisoner of war camp across the main road at the extreme western site, and an area of workshops with a small foundry to the south of the PoW camp, and to the west of the aircraft area.[15]

The base came in for some criticism on the night of 25 September 1916 - a zeppelin arrived over the city after midnight and dropped several bombs killing 29, injuring 19, and destroying 89 houses with a further 150 suffering damage. Neither searchlights or anti-aircraft guns had been used to try and stop the enemy, and no aircraft were airborne to counter-attack from Coal Aston. The official report was that the base was shrouded in fog, and aircraft could not be launched.[16] Despite the attack, it was felt that by the end of 1916 that the threat of aerial bombardment had diminished enough for No. 33 Squadron to leave the site, and the base then changed to a training role under No. 17 Training Squadron.[1] This is when the site slowly transformed into the NARD, and by 1917, at least ten large hangars had appeared to the west of the grassed field area.[17] The site was retained in 1918 even when the Armistice came and despite its height and its "frequently changeable weather" as it was near to the engineering resources scattered around the greater Sheffield area.[18] The NARD covered an area of 206 acres (83 ha), of which 90 acres (36 ha) was buildings. The two main sites were linked across Dyche Lane by a narrow gauge railway.[19][20]

In July 1919, a celebratory flying exhibition was put on at the aerodrome to commemorate the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. Over 9,000 people paid entry to the air show.[21]

In December 1921, the land and assets were passed to the Disposal and Liquidation Committee.[22] This described the site as having "...officers' and men's quarters and messes, regimental institute, women's hostel, reception station, vehicle sheds, flight sheds (hangars), workshops, offices, stores and subsidiary buildings."[23] By 1926, demolition was in an advanced stage. The foreman on the site lamented having to demolish sturdy and well-made structures that had hardly been used, but the estimated 10,000 bricks per week that were leaving the site, went into new building estates in Sheffield, Baslow and Bakewell.[24][iii]

By 1931, the site had been selected as a municipal airport for Sheffield. It was noted that the site had been laid down with a good estate (roads, tracks, huts and buildings, although most had been demolished), and was therefore ideal to be converted into a civilian aerodrome, with the bonus that most of the land was owned by the local council.[25] General non-military flying continued at the site, and air displays were held yearly, with one accident occurring in 1932 when an RAF flight lieutenant was injured when his low-flying aircraft clipped a stationary aircraft on the ground. 15,000 people witnessed the accident.[26] The large grassed aerodrome field was used as the ground for the Great Yorkshire Show in 1935,[27] prompting a ban on aircraft using the site, promoting fears the ban would never be lifted to allow the site to develop as an aerodrome again.[28]

The site of the North Aircraft Repair Depot and aerodrome grassed landing and take-off area is now the St James retail development.[29]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Throughout its operational lifespan, the base was located within the West Riding of Yorkshire. Since 1974, the site has been within the county of South Yorkshire.
  2. ^ The Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust label the first airfield as Coal Aston I (Greenhill) (Sheffield), and Apperknowle as Coal Aston II (Sheffield), even though that location is in Derbyshire.[5][6]
  3. ^ One 250-foot (76 m) building took over three weeks to demloish, and yielded and estimated 250,000 bricks alone.

References

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  1. ^ a b c McLelland 2012, p. 77.
  2. ^ "Story: Coal Aston Aerodrome | Lives of the First World War". livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  3. ^ "Coal Aston conservation area" (PDF). dronfield.gov.uk. November 2003. p. 4. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  4. ^ "Accident Blackburn L.1C Bluebird IV G-AATM, Saturday 27 August 1932". asn.flightsafety.org. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  5. ^ "Coal Aston I (Greenhill) (Sheffield) - Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust UK". abct.org.uk. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  6. ^ "Coal Aston II (Sheffield) - Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust UK". abct.org.uk. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  7. ^ McLelland 2012, p. 79.
  8. ^ Halley, James J. (1980). The squadrons of the Royal Air Force. Tonbridge: Air-Britain. p. 357. ISBN 0-8513-0083-9.
  9. ^ Handley & Rotherham 2023, p. 1.
  10. ^ "Coal Aston Airfield, Military Airfield, Sheffield". heritagegateway.org.uk. Retrieved 27 May 2025.
  11. ^ Lomax 2014, p. 168.
  12. ^ Chorlton, Martyn (2014). Forgotten airfields of World War I. Manchester: Crécy. p. 211. ISBN 9780859791816.
  13. ^ Jefford, C. G. (2001) [1998]. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912 (2 ed.). Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
  14. ^ Halley, James J. (1980). The squadrons of the Royal Air Force. Tonbridge: Air-Britain. p. 65. ISBN 0-8513-0083-9.
  15. ^ Handley & Rotherham 2023, p. 6.
  16. ^ Lomax 2014, pp. 173, 175, 179.
  17. ^ McLelland 2012, pp. 77, 79.
  18. ^ Handley & Rotherham 2023, p. 10.
  19. ^ Handley & Rotherham 2023, p. 12.
  20. ^ "View map: Ordnance Survey, Yorkshire CCXCVIII.8 (Dronfield; Eckington; Sheffield) - Ordnance Survey 25 inch England and Wales, 1841-1952". maps.nls.uk. Retrieved 6 July 2025.
  21. ^ Lomax 2014, p. 241.
  22. ^ "Naval And Military Royal Air Force". The Times. No. 42893. 2 December 1921. p. 12. ISSN 0140-0460.
  23. ^ "By direction of the disposal board Coal Aston Aerodrome near Sheffield". The Guardian. No. 23, 606. 12 April 1922. p. 2. OCLC 12044147.
  24. ^ Handley & Rotherham 2023, p. 37.
  25. ^ Spooner, Stanley, ed. (20 February 1931). "Sheffield's Municipal Airport?". Flight International. 23 (1, 186). London: Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom: 165. ISSN 0015-3710. OCLC 1508931454.
  26. ^ "Crash at air display". The Western Gazette. No. 10, 178. 2 September 1932. p. 16.
  27. ^ "Great Yorkshire to be Yorkshire's greatest". Hull Daily Mail. No. 15, 508. 9 July 1935. p. 14. ISSN 1741-3419.
  28. ^ "Sheffield returns to the Dark Ages". Flight International. 27 (1, 360). London: Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom: 76. 17 January 1935. ISSN 0015-3710. OCLC 1508931454.
  29. ^ Armstrong, Julia (23 May 2019). "Sheffield RAF Greenhill airfield features in history project". Sheffield Star. Retrieved 10 October 2024.

Sources

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  • Handley, Christine; Rotherham, Ian D., eds. (2023). WW1 Airfield to City Suburb: Meadowhead, Norton, Greenhill. Sheffield: Wildtrack Publishing. ISBN 9781904098737.
  • Lomax, Scott (2014). The home front: Sheffield in the First World War. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 9781781592960.
  • McLelland, Tim (2012). Action stations revisited, volume 6 - the complete history of Britain's military airfields: Northern England and the Isle of Man. Manchester: Crecy. ISBN 9780859791120.
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