Jump to content

Kurdish cinema

Page extended-confirmed-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Cinema of Kurdistan)

This article is part of a series on
Life in Kurdistan
Culture
Society
Politics
flag Kurdistan portal

Kurdish cinema (Kurdish: سینەمای کوردی, romanized: Sînemay Kurdî) focuses on the Kurdish people and culture. The fate of the Kurds as a people without a state shaped their cinema. Kurdish films often show social grievances, oppression, torture, human rights violations, and life as a stranger. Kurdish cinema has a high significance for the Kurds, as it offers the opportunity to draw attention to their own situation artistically. However, because of state repression, most films are produced in exile. The best example of this is in Turkey, where Kurds were not permitted to speak their native language until 1991, which made the development of their films more difficult.[1]

History

Photograph of Bahman Ghobadi sitting at a table in front of a microphone
Bahman Ghobadi, Iranian/Kurdish film director at the San Sebastián International Film Festival.

The first documented Kurdish film produced in Soviet Armenia was a 1927 silent film called Zarê, directed by Hamo Beknazarian. Set in 1915, the film depicts a romance between a young Yezidi couple, the shepherd Saydo and the titular Zare. In line with the 1920s ideologies, the film portrays how the Tsar administration used the ignorance of the Kurds to exploit from them with the help of the religious clerics and leaders. Krder-ezidner (Kurds-Yezidis), another black-and-white milestone silent film about Yezidi Kurds in Soviet Armenia was released in 1933. Directed by Amasi Martirosyan, it exhibited the establishment of a Kolkhoz in a Kurdish village.[2]

One of the founding fathers of Kurdish cinema is Yilmaz Güney, who is admired by Kurdish filmmakers for his ability to portray Kurdish cultures in his films, notably Sürü and Yol, despite restrictions levied against him by the Turkish Government.[3] Güney began making films in the 1950s. He won the Palme d`Or at the Cannes Film Festival for his 1982 film Yol – The Road.[4][5]

In the 1990s, Kurdish cinema culture received support from the newly founded Mesopotamia Cultural Center (MKM). The MKM established a cinema department in which several Kurdish directors made their first movies.[6] In 1995, the Istanbul branch of the MKM organized a cinema workshop.[6]

Yilmaz Güney, Jano Rosebiani, Bahman Qubadi, Shawkat Amin Korky, Mano Khalil, Hisham Zaman, Sahim Omar Kalifa, Bina Qeredaxi and Yüksel Yavuz are among the better known Kurdish directors. Some Kurdish filmmakers like Hiner Saleem live and work outside Kurdistan.[7]

In 1991, a Kurdish film, A Song for Beko by writer-director Nizamettin Ariç, was produced as a German-Armenian production. In 1992, director Ümit Elçi shot Mem û Zîn as a Turkish production. The film Siyabend and Xecê dates back to 1993 and was also produced in Turkey. The number of Kurdish films shot in Iran is growing gradually. Bahman Qubadi, for example, received the Special Mention by the Youth Jury for his film at the Berlinale Turtles Can Fly.[8]

Miraz Bezar's movie Min Dît: The Children of Diyarbakır won awards at the film festivals in San Sebastian, Hamburg, and Ghent. It was the first Kurdish-language movie at a Turkish film festival. It was shown at the Golden Orange Film Festival in Antalya where it won the special jury prize.[9] In the last couple of years in Germany and Switzerland, Kurdish filmmakers in exile who receive public funding from the states they live in, such as NEWA Film Berlin[10] or Frame Film GmbH Bern, for example have created film production companies.[11]

Through the 2000s and 2010s, there was an influx of documentary films filmed throughout Kurdistan. Kurdish filmmakers used documentary films as a tool to educate mainly Western viewers. They have shown their films in film festivals and on social networking sites to bring attention to the past and current events that have, and are, taking place in Kurdistan.[12] Many of these documentaries are shot in cinéma vérité styles, with a small budget and crew. The film Banaz: A Love Story, directed and produced by Deeyah Khan, documents Banaz Mahmod, a 20-year-old Kurdish woman from Mitcham, south London, who was killed in 2006 in a murder orchestrated by her father, uncle, and cousins.[13] It won the 2013 Emmy award for Best International Current Affairs Film.[14]

Contemporary Kurdish Documentary Movement

Since the early 2000s, a new generation of Kurdish documentary filmmakers has emerged across all four parts of Kurdistan. These filmmakers explore themes such as exile, identity, memory, and resistance. Many of these works are produced in the diaspora and combine personal narratives with political analysis. Kurdish production companies have been established in France, Germany, and Switzerland, often supported by public broadcasters. The movement is characterized by a transnational approach that highlights Kurdish experiences across Europe, the Middle East, and beyond.

A notable example is the 2025 documentary series Vejîna Kurd – From Genocide to Free Life, produced by teams from all parts of Kurdistan and the diaspora. It documents the history of the Kurdish liberation movement and is the result of eight years of transnational research.[15]

Kurdish filmmakers use documentaries as tools to reach educated Western audiences and raise awareness about historical and current issues in Kurdistan. These films are often shown at festivals and shared via social media, typically produced on small budgets with limited crews.

Festivals such as the Kurdish Film Festival Berlin[16] and the Kurdish Film Days Munich[17] play a key role in promoting this movement.

One prominent figure is Swiss-based director Mano Khalil. His documentary and fictional works address repression, migration, and cultural loss. His film The Beekeeper (2013) portrays the life of a Kurdish refugee in Switzerland and received international acclaim.[18] His 2021 feature Neighbours draws on his childhood in a Kurdish village near the Turkish border.[19]

Reception and Criticism of Western Documentaries

While many Kurdish-made documentaries present nuanced perspectives on exile, identity, and resistance, Western portrayals of Kurdish movements have faced criticism. In particular, the 2024 ARTE documentary The PKK in Europe – Freedom Fighters or Terrorists? sparked controversy within the Kurdish community. Critics argued that the film echoed the Turkish state's narrative and ignored essential aspects of the Kurdish struggle—such as efforts for autonomy, peace initiatives, and grassroots organizing.[20]

Particular concern arose from the omission of the authors of the book Exiled. Banned. Silenced. How the Kurdish Diaspora in Germany Is Muzzled, who were not consulted despite the thematic overlap. Some featured interviewees later claimed they were approached under misleading premises, which raised questions about the film’s editorial ethics.[21]

Doubts were also expressed about the authenticity of two anonymous sources presented as former PKK members. Observers noted the use of the Turkish pronunciation “PeKaKa,” which is not typical in Kurdish and viewed as a political signal in Turkey. This led to speculation that the speakers were actors rather than genuine former activists.[21]

Further critique was directed at the director, Candan Six-Sasmaz, whose social media profile reportedly included nationalist symbols such as an Atatürk portrait. She also made controversial public comments asserting that the PKK "abducts children" and "deals in drugs and extortion," contradicting ARTE’s editorial standards of neutrality before deleting the post.[21]

The documentary’s reception has sparked broader discussions on the representation of Kurdish topics in public broadcasting, especially on networks like ARTE or ARD. Critics argue that state-funded broadcasters often adopt securitized narratives and marginalize Kurdish perspectives. Anonymity, selective sourcing, and lack of historical context are frequently cited concerns.

This discourse is also reflected in the 2023 book Exiled. Banned. Silenced. by Alexander Glasner-Hummel, Monika Morres, and Kerem Schamberger. The authors examine how media narratives contribute to the criminalization of Kurdish organizations and reveal structural biases in German media coverage. They call for pluralistic, human rights-oriented journalism.[22]

The debate surrounding the ARTE documentary is also seen as symptomatic of a broader issue: the lack of media representation of Kurdish perspectives in Germany and the uncritical reproduction of state narratives by public broadcasters.

Films

List of notable films

List of notable documentaries

  • 2006: Notes from a Kurdish Rebel (Stefano Savona)[63]
  • 2008: Close-up Kurdistan (Yüksel Yavuz)[64]
  • 2011: The Guerilla Son (Zanyar Adami, David Herdies)[65]
  • 2012: Banaz: A Love Story (Deeyah Khan)
  • 2013: 1,001 Apples (Taha Karimi)[66]
  • 2013: Der Imker (Mano Khalil)
  • 2013: The Silent Revolution (David Meseguer, Oriol Gracià)[67]
  • 2013: Hêvî (Hope) (Yüksel Yavuz)[68]
  • 2013: The Beekeeper (Der Imker) (Mano Khalil)[69]
  • 2015: Bakur (North) (Çayan Demirel, Ertugrul Mavioglu)[70][71]
  • 2015: Her War: Women vs. ISIS (Anastasia Trofimova)[72]
  • 2015: Life on the Border[73]
  • 2015: Berçem – The Other Side of the Water[74]
  • 2015: Frontline Fighting: Battling ISIS[75]
  • 2015: Victims of ISIS (Anastasia Trofimova)[76]
  • 2015: Letter to the King (Hisham Zaman)[77]
  • 2016: Dil Leyla (Asli Özarslan)[78]
  • 2016: The Freedom Struggle of Kurdish Women (Mylène Sauloy)[79]
  • 2016: Roza – The Country Of Two Rivers (Kudbettin Cebe)[80]
  • 2016: Radio Kobanî (Reber Dosky)[81]
  • 2016: Gulîstan, Land of Roses (Zaynê Akyol)[82]
  • 2016: The Sniper of Kobani (Reber Dosky)[83]
  • 2016: Our War (Bruno Chiaravalloti, Claudio Jampaglia, Benedetta Argentieri)[84]
  • 2016: My Paradise (Ekrem Heydo)[85]
  • 2017: AMED – Memory of a City (Yüksel Yavuz)[86]
  • 2017: Filles du Feu (Stéphane Breton)[87]
  • 2017: Fear Us Women (David Darg)[88]
  • 2017: Resistance Is Life (Apo W. Bazidi)[89]
  • 2017: Who Is Afraid of Ideology? Part 1 (Marwa Arsanios)[90]
  • 2017: Binxet – Under the Border (Luigi D’Alife)[91]
  • 2017: No Place for Tears (Reyan Tuvi)[92]
  • 2017: Jiyan’s Story (A. Halûk Ünal)[93]
  • 2017: Accidental Anarchist (Clara Glynn, John Archer)[94]
  • 2017: The Road to Raqqa (Anastasia Trofimova)[95]
  • 2018: The Communes of Rojava: A Model in Societal Self-Direction (Neighbor Democracy)[96]
  • 2018: Commander Arian (Alba Sotorra)[97]
  • 2018: I Am The Revolution (Benedetta Argentieri)[98]
  • 2019: Sidik and the Panther (Reber Dosky)[99]
  • 2019: Rojava – The Dream of the Kurds (Michael Enger)[100]
  • 2019: Voices of Bakur (Two Rivers and a Valley collective)[101]
  • 2019: Anna: The Woman Who Went to Fight ISIS (Marina Parker)[102]
  • 2019: Who Is Afraid of Ideology? Part 2 (Marwa Arsanios)[103]
  • 2019: International Volunteers of the Rojava Revolution (Lorenzo Serna)[104]
  • 2020: Paris - Die Kurdinnen und ihr Killer: Der Kampf von PKK und Türkei mitten in Europa (Paris: The Kurdish Women and Their Killer) (Ahmet Şenyurt)[105]
  • 2021: Heval (Adam R. Wood)[106]
  • 2021: Kurdbûn – To Be Kurdish (Fariborz Kamkari)[107]
  • 2021: The Other Side of the River (Antonia Kilian)[108]
  • 2022: Angels of Sinjar (Hanna Polak)[109]
  • 2022: The Rain Bride (Hemin Latif)[110]
  • 2023: Iraq: Kurds Against the Mullahs (Jean-Jacques Cunnac, Laurent Perpigna Iban)[111]
  • 2025: Vejîna Kurd – From Genocide to Free Life (Gulistan Tara Documentary Commune)

Directors

Jano Rosebiani
Yeşim Ustaoğlu

See also

References

  1. ^ "KurdishCinemaHomePage". kurdishcinema.com. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  2. ^ Bozarslan, Hamit; Gunes, Cengiz; Yadirgi, Veli, eds. (2021-04-22). The Cambridge History of the Kurds (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108623711. ISBN 978-1-108-62371-1.
  3. ^ Biswas, Pradip (1999). Yilmaz Guney: Cineaste Militant. USA: University of Michigan Press. p. 10.
  4. ^ "Yilmaz Güney". IMDb. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  5. ^ Arslanbenzer, Hakan (May 28, 2021). "Nuri Bilge Ceylan: Making European films in Turkish context". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  6. ^ a b Koçer, Suncem (2014). "Kurdish Cinema as a transnational discourse genre: Cinematic visibility, cultural resilience, and political agency". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 46 (3): 473–488. doi:10.1017/S0020743814000555. ISSN 0020-7438. JSTOR 43303181.
  7. ^ Koksal, Ozlem (2016). Aesthetics of Displacement: Turkey and its Minorities on Screen. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 123. ISBN 9781501306495.
  8. ^ "Prizes & Honours 2005". www.berlinale.de. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  9. ^ "Kritik zu Min Dît – Die Kinder von Diyarbakir – epd Film". www.epd-film.de. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  10. ^ "NEWA FILM -". Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  11. ^ "Frame Film GmbH". Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  12. ^ Cardullo, Bert (2012). World Directors and Their Films: Essays on African, Asian, Latin American, and Middle Eastern Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0810885240.
  13. ^ "Banaz Mahmod 'honour' killing cousins jailed for life". BBC News. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  14. ^ THE DEADLINE TEAM (August 14, 2013). "International Emmy Current Affairs, News Nominees Announced". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
  15. ^ "Dokumentarserie „Vejîna Kurd" feiert Premiere". ANF News (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  16. ^ "Kurdisches Filmfestival Berlin 2025". Kurdisches Filmfestival (in Turkish). Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  17. ^ "Kurdische Filmtage München 2025 - Programm - Kammerspiele". www.muenchner-kammerspiele.de (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  18. ^ "Der Imker (2013) | Film, Trailer, Kritik". www.kino-zeit.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  19. ^ admin-britta (2022-07-05). "NACHBARN". barnsteiner-film (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  20. ^ "ARTE-Doku: Fakten oder Narrative?". ANF News (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  21. ^ a b c "ARTE-Doku über die PKK in Europa: Journalistische Recherche oder türkische Staatspropaganda?". ANF News (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  22. ^ Alexander Glasner-Hummel, Monika Morres, Kerem Schamberger: *Exiled. Banned. Silenced. How the Kurdish Diaspora in Germany Is Muzzled*, Westend Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2023
  23. ^ Bezar, Miraz (1996-01-17), Berivan (Short, Drama), Ebru Kücük, Hatice Kücük, Bawer Sahin, Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin (DFFB), retrieved 2025-07-19
  24. ^ Yavuz, Yüksel (2000-07-12), Aprilkinder (Drama), Erdal Yildiz, Bülent Sharif, Senem Tepe, Zero-Film, Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF), retrieved 2025-07-19
  25. ^ "Reise zur Sonne". www.ezef.de (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  26. ^ Kiarostami, Abbas (1999-11-24), Bad ma ra khahad bord (Drama), Behzad Dorani, Noghre Asadi, Roushan Karam Elmi, MK2 Productions, retrieved 2025-07-19
  27. ^ "Documentary Film makers & Film Productions. Watch Documentaries Online". www.cultureunplugged.com. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  28. ^ Makhmalbaf, Samira (2000-09-01), Takhté siah (Drama, War), Said Mohamadi, Behnaz Jafari, Bahman Ghobadi, Makhmalbaf Productions, Fabrica, Rai Cinema, retrieved 2025-07-19
  29. ^ Rosebiani, Jano (2002-04-12), Jiyan (Drama, Romance, War), Kurdo Galali, Pirshang Berzinji, Choman Hawrami, Evini Films, retrieved 2025-07-19
  30. ^ online, CINEMA. "Verloren im Irak (2002) - Film | cinema.de". www.cinema.de (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  31. ^ Saleem, Hiner (2005-09-14), Kilomètre zéro (Comedy, Drama, War), Nazmi Kirik, Eyam Ekrem, Belçim Bilgin, Memento Films Production, La Cinéfacture, Hiner Saleem Production, retrieved 2025-07-19
  32. ^ Baran, Jinda; Uysal, Halil; Zeravanr, Dersim, Bêrîtan (Drama, War), Jinda Baran, Beritan Cûdi, Ömer Harran, retrieved 2025-07-19
  33. ^ "Half Moon". Kino-Zeit. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  34. ^ Ali, Hussein Hassan; Salih, Masoud Arif (2006-02-12), Û nergiz biskivîn, Hussein Hassan Ali, Mohammed A. Artishi, Selma Civak, Ciné FK2 Production, retrieved 2025-07-19
  35. ^ Dol: The Valley of Tambourines (2007) | MUBI. Retrieved 2025-07-19 – via mubi.com.
  36. ^ Alani, J. J. (2012-02-15), David & Layla (Comedy, Drama, Romance), David Moscow, Shiva Rose, Peter Van Wagner, Newroz Films, David & Layla, Films International Corporation, retrieved 2025-07-19
  37. ^ "Crossing the Dust". IFFR EN. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  38. ^ "AG Kurzfilm | Homepage |". ag-kurzfilm.de. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  39. ^ Karabey, Hüseyin (2008-11-14), Gitmek: Benim Marlon ve Brandom (Drama, Romance, War), Ayça Damgaci, Hama Ali Kahn, Cengiz Bozkurt, A-SI Films, Ajans 21, Motel Films, retrieved 2025-07-19
  40. ^ Öz, Kazim (2008-11-14), Bahoz (Drama), Cahit Gök, Havin Funda Saç, Mehmet Selim Akgul, Mezopotamya Sinema, Yapim 13 Film, retrieved 2025-07-19
  41. ^ Salih, Masoud Arif (2012-11-11), Shadow of a Bullet (Drama), Muhammed Ali Etroshi, Visual K. Production, retrieved 2025-07-19
  42. ^ "Mes - Lauf!". www.filmdienst.de (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  43. ^ Kader, Karzan (2012-11-30), Bekas (Adventure, Drama), Zamand Taha, Sarwar Fazil, Diya Mariwan, Sonet Film AB, Helsinki-Filmi, Film i Väst, retrieved 2025-07-19
  44. ^ Ghobadi, Bahman (2012-10-26), Fasle kargadan (Drama, Thriller), Behrouz Vossoughi, Monica Bellucci, Yilmaz Erdogan, Mij Film Co., BKM, retrieved 2025-07-19
  45. ^ "| Berlinale | Archive | Programme | Programme". www.berlinale.de. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  46. ^ Erdem, Reha (2013-03-15), Jîn (Drama), Deniz Hasgüler, Onur Ünsal, Yildirim Simsek, Atlantik Film, Mars Entertainment Group, Imaj, retrieved 2025-07-19
  47. ^ Mintas, Erol (2014-11-14), Annemin Sarkisi (Drama, Family), Feyyaz Duman, Zübeyde Ronahi, Nesrin Cavadzade, Arizona Films, Mintas Film, Mitos Film, retrieved 2025-07-19
  48. ^ Korki, Shawkat Amin (2015-03-22), Bîranînen li ser kevirî (Comedy, Drama, History), Hussein Hassan Ali, Nazmi Kirik, Shima Molaei, Mitosfilm, retrieved 2025-07-19
  49. ^ "I Want to Live (2015)". Culture Unplugged. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  50. ^ Khalil, Mano (2016-01-21), Die Schwalbe (Drama), Manon Pfrunder, Ismail Zagros, Dejin Jamil Khidir, Frame Film, Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF), ARTE, retrieved 2025-07-19
  51. ^ Amini, Aboozar (2016-02-01), Where Is Kurdistan? (Short, Drama), Ysbrant Bakker, Raissa Faber, Dawood Hilmandi, Smarthouse Films, retrieved 2025-07-19
  52. ^ Ali, Hussein Hassan (2018-04-05), Reseba (Drama, Romance, War), Rekish Shahbaz, Diman Zandi, Adil Abdolrahman, Mitosfilm, retrieved 2025-07-19
  53. ^ Yusef, Soleen (2017-08-31), Haus ohne Dach (Drama), Mina Sadic, Sasun Sayan, Murat Seven, Mitos Film, Essence Film, Südwestrundfunk (SWR), retrieved 2025-07-19
  54. ^ "Zer | Film, Trailer, Kritik". www.kino-zeit.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2023-02-01. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  55. ^ Kalifa, Sahim Omar (2017-11-15), Zagros (Drama), Maaike Neuville, Feyyaz Duman, Aziz Çapkurt, Centre du Cinéma et de l'Audiovisuel de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, A Private View, Man's Films, retrieved 2025-07-19
  56. ^ Kojin (2019) | MUBI. Retrieved 2025-07-19 – via mubi.com.
  57. ^ Khalil, Mano (2022-10-13), Neighbours (Drama), Jay Abdo, Sherzad Abdullah, Abdeslam Suleiman Abed, ARTE, Berner Filmfoerderung, Bundesamt für Kultur (EDI), retrieved 2025-07-19
  58. ^ Hoffmann, Florian (2022-12-15), Stille Post (Drama), Hadi Khanjanpour, Kristin Suckow, Zübeyde Bulut, Chromosom Film, Das kleine Fernsehspiel (ZDF), Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin (DFFB), retrieved 2025-07-19
  59. ^ "Okul Tıraşı – Türkische Filmtage München" (in Turkish). Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  60. ^ Korki, Shawkat Amin (2022-04-01), Ezmûn (Drama, Thriller), Avan Jamal, Vania Salar, Hussein Hassan Ali, Masti Films, Mitos Film, retrieved 2025-07-19
  61. ^ Kawawada, Emma (2022-05-06), Mai sumoru rando (Drama), Lina Arashi, Takashi Fujii, Sei Hiraizumi, AOI Promotion, Arte France Cinéma, Bandai Namco Arts, retrieved 2025-07-19
  62. ^ Konar, Mehmet Ali (2024-01-30), Demo ke pelê gozan bîyî zer (Drama), Korkmaz Arslan, Ferset Izzet, Muhammed Feyzi Konar, Zerr Film, retrieved 2025-07-19
  63. ^ Savona, Stefano (2006-03-11), Carnets d'un combattant kurde (Documentary), Kazim Cavuldak, Aram, Siyar, Arte France Cinéma, Minimum Fax Media, JBA Production, retrieved 2025-07-19
  64. ^ Yavuz, Yüksel (2007-12-06), Close-up Kurdistan (Documentary), Abdulkadir Aygan, Beriwan, Ismail Besikçi, Mitosfilm, Peter Stockhaus Filmproduktion, Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR), retrieved 2025-07-19
  65. ^ Khan, Deeyah; Prindle, Darin, Banaz: A Love Story (Documentary, Biography, Crime), Nazir Afzal, Bobbie Cheema, Andy Craig, Fuuse Films, retrieved 2025-07-19
  66. ^ Hill, Jessica (11 December 2013). "1001 Apples departs a poignant message". TheNational. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
  67. ^ Graciá, Oriol; Meseguer, David (2013-11-12), La revolució silenciosa (Documentary), Ali Ali, Serin Beko, Cudi Efrin, Nezvanova Produccions, retrieved 2025-07-19
  68. ^ Hêvî - Hoffnung | Film 2014 | Moviepilot (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-19 – via www.moviepilot.de.
  69. ^ Khalil, Mano (2014-01-30), Der Imker (Documentary), Barbara Bienz, Ibrahim Gezer, Nicole Hohl, ARTE, Frame Film, Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF), retrieved 2025-07-19
  70. ^ Letsch, Constanze. "Film-makers withdraw from Istanbul festival in censorship protest". TheGuardianWeb. TheGuardian. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  71. ^ Demirel, Çayan; Mavioglu, Ertugrul (2016-05-19), Bakur (Documentary), Mohammad Saeed Abdi, Cemil Bayik, Fehman Huseyin, Surela Film, retrieved 2025-07-19
  72. ^ Trofimova, Anastasia (2015-04-01), Her War: Women Vs. ISIS (Documentary), RT Documentary, retrieved 2025-07-19
  73. ^ Ahmad, Mahmod; Ezaddin, Ronahi; Hossein, Sami (2017-11-09), Life on the Border (Documentary, War), Mij Film Co., retrieved 2025-07-19
  74. ^ Berçem - Suyun öteki yanı (2015). Retrieved 2025-07-19 – via letterboxd.com.
  75. ^ Gris, Mauricio; Reed, Dan (2015-09-16), Frontline Fighting: Battling ISIS (Documentary), Jac Holmes, James Matthews, Amos Pictures, retrieved 2025-07-19
  76. ^ Trofimova, Anastasia (2015-01-01), Victims of ISIS (Documentary), RT Documentary, retrieved 2025-07-19
  77. ^ Zaman, Hisham (2014-01-17), Brev til Kongen (Drama), Ali Bag Salimi, Zheer Durhan, Nazmi Kirik, Film Farms, Zaman Film, retrieved 2025-07-19
  78. ^ Özarslan, Asli (2017-06-29), Dil Leyla (Documentary), Leyla Imret, Cihan Imret, Merjem Imret, Essence Film, Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg, Südwestrundfunk (SWR), retrieved 2025-07-19
  79. ^ Sauloy, Mylène (2016-03-08), Kurdistan, la guerre des filles (Documentary), Ayla Akat, Sakine Cansiz, Aysel Dogan, Magneto Presse, retrieved 2025-07-19
  80. ^ Cebe, Kudbettin, Roza: Welatê du çeman (Documentary, War), Rojava Film Commune, retrieved 2025-07-19
  81. ^ Dosky, Reber (2017-04-20), Radio Kobanî (Documentary), Dilovan Kîko, Dieptescherpte, retrieved 2025-07-19
  82. ^ Akyol, Zayne (2017-03-08), Gulistan, Land of Roses (Documentary), Peripheria Productions, Mitosfilm, National Film Board of Canada (NFB), retrieved 2025-07-19
  83. ^ Dosky, Reber (2016-09-23), The Sniper of Kobani (Documentary, Short), retrieved 2025-07-19
  84. ^ Argentieri, Benedetta; Chiaravalloti, Bruno; Jampaglia, Claudio (2016-09-09), Our War (Documentary), PossibileFilm, Rai Cinema, Start, retrieved 2025-07-19
  85. ^ Heydo, Ekrem, My Paradise (Documentary), Almaza Eyanê, Ara Keshishian, Siyamed Osman, Artistik Film, retrieved 2025-07-19
  86. ^ "AMED – Memory of a city | NEWA FILM". 2017-06-25. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  87. ^ Breton, Stéphane (2018-06-13), Filles du feu (Documentary), Quark Productions, Arte France Cinéma, retrieved 2025-07-19
  88. ^ Darg, David (2017-11-09), Fear Us Women (Documentary, Short), Hanna Bohman, RYOT Films, retrieved 2025-07-19
  89. ^ Bazidi, Apo W., Resistance Is Life (Documentary), Evlin, Newroz, Aladdin, Burn a Light Productions, retrieved 2025-07-19
  90. ^ Arsanios, Marwa (2017-06-22), Who Is Afraid of Ideology? Part I (Short), retrieved 2025-07-19
  91. ^ Binxet - Under the border (2017) - Trailer, Cast & Reviews - Mabumbe. Retrieved 2025-07-19 – via mabumbe.com.
  92. ^ Tuvi, Reyan (2017-04-24), Gözyasina Yer Yok (Documentary, War), retrieved 2025-07-19
  93. ^ Unal, A. Haluk, Jiyan's Story (Documentary, War), Jiyan Tolhildan, retrieved 2025-07-19
  94. ^ Archer, John; Glynn, Clara (2017-03-21), Accidental Anarchist (Documentary, Biography, History), Carne Ross, Hussein Azam, Pelai Pagès i Blanch, retrieved 2025-07-19
  95. ^ Trofimova, Anastasia (2017-09-01), The Road to Raqqa (Documentary), RT Documentary, retrieved 2025-07-19
  96. ^ "The Communes of Rojava: A Model In Societal Self Direction". It's Going Down. Archived from the original on 2023-12-09. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  97. ^ Sotorra, Alba (2018-12-03), Comandante Arian, una historia de mujeres, guerra y libertad (Documentary), Alba Sotorra, Boekamp & Kriegsheim, retrieved 2025-07-19
  98. ^ Argentieri, Benedetta (2018-11-15), I Am the Revolution (Documentary, Biography), Rojda Felat, Selay Ghaffar, Yanar Mohammed, PossibileFilm, Rai Cinema, Start, retrieved 2025-07-19
  99. ^ Dosky, Reber (2019-11-07), Sidik and the Panther (Documentary), Sidik Barzani, Dieptescherpte, retrieved 2025-07-19
  100. ^ Enger, Michael (2019-10-22), Der Traum der Kurden: Rojava (Documentary, Short), Michael Enger Film & Tv Produktion, retrieved 2025-07-19
  101. ^ "Voices of Bakur". Commune. 2019-02-19. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  102. ^ Parker, Marina (2019-07-03), "Anna: The Woman Who Went to Fight ISIS", This World, Deborah Maclaren, Erin Doherty, Anna Campbell, retrieved 2025-07-19
  103. ^ Arsanios, Marwa (2019-07-11), Who is Afraid of Ideology? Part II (Documentary, Short), retrieved 2025-07-19
  104. ^ "International Volunteers of the Rojava Revolution". UNICORN RIOT. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
  105. ^ Senyurt, Ahmet, Paris - Die Kurdinnen und ihr Killer: Der Kampf von PKK und Türkei mitten in Europa (Documentary), Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR), retrieved 2025-07-19
  106. ^ Wood, Adam R. (2021-09-23), Heval (Documentary), Michael Enright, Macer Gifford, Rojda Felat, Grit Productions, Jupiter Entertainment, SKY Studios, retrieved 2025-07-19
  107. ^ Kamkari, Fariborz (2022-05-12), Kurdbûn - Essere curdo (Documentary), Acek, Far Out Films, retrieved 2025-07-19
  108. ^ Kilian, Antonia (2021-12-17), The Other Side of the River (Documentary), Antonia Kilian, Hala Mustafa, Sosan Mustafa, ARTE, Doppelplusultra, Greenlit Productions, retrieved 2025-07-19
  109. ^ Polak, Hanna (2022-05-16), Angels of Sinjar (Documentary), Hanna Polak Films, Saxonia Entertainment, retrieved 2025-07-19
  110. ^ Ali, Hussein Hassan (2022-12-01), The Rain Bride (Drama), Hussein Hassan Ali, Ferset Izzet, Silan Düzdaban, Meergah Production, Mitosfilm, retrieved 2025-07-19
  111. ^ "ARTE Reportage - Iraq: Kurds against Mullahs - Watch the full documentary | ARTE in English". ARTE. Retrieved 2025-07-19.

Sources

  • Cardullo, Bert (2012). World Directors and Their Films: Essays on African, Asian, Latin American, and Middle Eastern Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. 210. ISBN 0810885247.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurdish_cinema&oldid=1301319526"