Chrysopinae

Chrysopinae
	Chrysopa perla (Chrysopini)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Neuroptera
Family:	Chrysopidae
Subfamily:	Chrysopinae; Esben-Petersen, 1918
Diversity
	About 60 genera

Chrysopinae is the nominate subfamily of green lacewings in the insect family Chrysopidae in the order Neuroptera. This subfamily is also the largest within the family and comprises about 60 genera.

Members of the genus Chrysoperla and the genus Chrysopa in this subfamily are common in Europe and North America.^[1]^[2] Chrysopinae larvae are predatory and feed on aphids; some of these species have been used in biological pest control, as has the Australian Mallada signatus.^[3]

Genera

The following genera are divided into four tribes:

Ankylopterygini

Authority: Navas, 1910

Ankylopteryx Brauer, 1864
Chrysopidia Navás, 1911
Parankylopteryx Tjeder, 1966
Retipenna Brooks, 1986
Semachrysa Brooks, 1983
Signochrysa Brooks & Barnard, 1990

Belonopterygini

Authority: Navas, 1913

Abachrysa Banks, 1938
Belonopteryx Gerstaecker, 1863
Calochrysa Banks, 1943
Chrysacanthia Lacroix, 1923^[4]^[5]
Chrysaloysia Navas, 1928
Dysochrysa Tjeder, 1966
Evanochrysa Brooks & Barnard, 1990
Italochrysa Principi, 1946
Nacarina Navás, 1915
Nesochrysa Navás, 1910
Nodochrysa Banks, 1938
Oyochrysa Brooks, 1985
Stigmachrysa Navás, 1925
Turnerochrysa Kimmins, 1935
Vieira Navás, 1913^[6]

Chrysopini Schneider, 1851

Selected genera:

Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966 (syn Pseudomallada^[7]^[8])
Austrochrysa Esben-Petersen, 1928^[9]
Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982
Chrysopa Leach in Brewster, 1815
Chrysoperla Steinmann, 1964
Cunctochrysa Hölzel, 1970
Eremochrysa Banks, 1903
Kymachyrsa Tauber & Garland, 2014^[10]
Mallada Navás, 1925
Nineta Navás, 1912
Suarius Navás, 1914
Titanochrysa Sosa and Freitas, 2012^[11]
Yumachrysa Banks, 1950

Leucochrysini Adams, 1978

Berchmansus Navás, 1913
Cacarulla Navas, 1910
Gonzaga Navás, 1913
Leucochrysa McLachlan, 1868 (syn Nodita)
Neula Navás, 1917
Nuvol Navás, 1916
Santocellus Tauber & Albuquerque, 2008

Tribe incertae sedis

†Paleochrysopa Séméria & Nel, 1990 (Eocene, France)
†Pseudosencera Makarkin et al., 2018 (Eocene, Europe)

Gallery

Semachrysa jade
(Ankylopterygini)
Italochrysa italica
(Belonopterygini)
Leucochrysa pavida
(Leucochrysini)
Chrysoperla rufilabris
(Chrysopini)

References

^ Shakir, Hafiz Usman; Anjum, Najuf Awais; Ali, Qurban; Saleem, Shahzad; Awais, Muhammad; Anwar, Tauqir (2015). "Molecular systematics of Chrysoperla carnea group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in Punjab, Pakistan". 2015Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences. 3 (1): 12–15. doi:10.17957/JGIASS/3.1.677. S2CID 88722322. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
^ Brooks, S. J.; Barnard, Peter C. (1990). "The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 59 (2): 117–286. ISSN 0524-6431. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
^ New, T.R. (2002). "Prospects for extending the use of Australian lacewings in biological control" (PDF). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 48 (Supplement 2): 209–216. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
^ Brooks, S.J. (1997). "An Overview of the Current Status of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) Systematics". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 44 (2): 267–275. doi:10.1002/mmnd.19970440212.
^ Winterton, S. L.; Brooks, S. J. (2015). "Review of the green lacewing genus Chrysacanthia Lacroix with a new species from Nigeria (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)". ZooKeys (517): 71–81. doi:10.3897/zookeys.517.9705. PMC 4547126. PMID 26312027.
^ Sosa, F.; Tauber, C. A. (2017). "The genus Vieira Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a new species, a key to the species, and new geographic records". Zootaxa. 4258 (1): 43–59. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4258.1.3. PMID 28609933.
^ "Opinion 2254 (Case 3399) Dichochrysa Yang, 1991 (Insecta, Neuroptera): generic name not conserved". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 67 (3): 261–262. 2010. doi:10.21805/bzn.v67i3.a4. S2CID 80717626.
^ Breitkreuz, Laura; Duelli, Peter; Oswald, John D. (2021). "Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966, a new senior synonym of Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae: Chrysopini)". Zootaxa. 4966 (2): 215–225. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.8. PMID 34186621. S2CID 235505041.
^ Ma, Yunlong; Yang, Xingke; Liu, Xingyue (2020). "The green lacewing genus Austrochrysa Esben-Petersen, 1928 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China, with description of two new species". Zootaxa. 4822 (1): 101–112. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4822.1.5. PMID 33056302. S2CID 222839696.
^ Tauber, C. A.; Garland, J. A. (2014). "Kymachrysa, a new genus of Nearctic green lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopini)". ZooKeys (437): 87–108. doi:10.3897/zookeys.437.7984. PMC 4155731. PMID 25197213.
^ Tauber, Catherine A.; Sosa, Francisco; Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2018). "Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, a generic homonym, replaced by Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)". Zootaxa. 4375 (2): 287–295. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.9. PMID 29689776.

External links

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[Pakistan-1] Shakir, Hafiz Usman; Anjum, Najuf Awais; Ali, Qurban; Saleem, Shahzad; Awais, Muhammad; Anwar, Tauqir (2015). "Molecular systematics of Chrysoperla carnea group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in Punjab, Pakistan". 2015Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences. 3 (1): 12–15. doi:10.17957/JGIASS/3.1.677. S2CID 88722322. Retrieved 2022-01-24.

[Brooks&Barnard1990-2] Brooks, S. J.; Barnard, Peter C. (1990). "The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 59 (2): 117–286. ISSN 0524-6431. Retrieved 10 April 2022.

[New2002-3] New, T.R. (2002). "Prospects for extending the use of Australian lacewings in biological control" (PDF). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 48 (Supplement 2): 209–216. Retrieved 3 February 2011.

[Brooks1997-4] Brooks, S.J. (1997). "An Overview of the Current Status of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) Systematics". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 44 (2): 267–275. doi:10.1002/mmnd.19970440212.

[Winterton&Brooks2015-5] Winterton, S. L.; Brooks, S. J. (2015). "Review of the green lacewing genus Chrysacanthia Lacroix with a new species from Nigeria (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)". ZooKeys (517): 71–81. doi:10.3897/zookeys.517.9705. PMC 4547126. PMID 26312027.

[6] Sosa, F.; Tauber, C. A. (2017). "The genus Vieira Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a new species, a key to the species, and new geographic records". Zootaxa. 4258 (1): 43–59. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4258.1.3. PMID 28609933.

[7] "Opinion 2254 (Case 3399) Dichochrysa Yang, 1991 (Insecta, Neuroptera): generic name not conserved". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 67 (3): 261–262. 2010. doi:10.21805/bzn.v67i3.a4. S2CID 80717626.

[Breitkreuz_et_al._2021-8] Breitkreuz, Laura; Duelli, Peter; Oswald, John D. (2021). "Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966, a new senior synonym of Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae: Chrysopini)". Zootaxa. 4966 (2): 215–225. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.8. PMID 34186621. S2CID 235505041.

[Maetal2020-9] Ma, Yunlong; Yang, Xingke; Liu, Xingyue (2020). "The green lacewing genus Austrochrysa Esben-Petersen, 1928 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China, with description of two new species". Zootaxa. 4822 (1): 101–112. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4822.1.5. PMID 33056302. S2CID 222839696.

[10] Tauber, C. A.; Garland, J. A. (2014). "Kymachrysa, a new genus of Nearctic green lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopini)". ZooKeys (437): 87–108. doi:10.3897/zookeys.437.7984. PMC 4155731. PMID 25197213.

[11] Tauber, Catherine A.; Sosa, Francisco; Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2018). "Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, a generic homonym, replaced by Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)". Zootaxa. 4375 (2): 287–295. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.9. PMID 29689776.

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