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China Fire and Rescue

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National Comprehensive Firefighting and Rescue Force / China Fire and Rescue (CFR)
国家综合性消防救援队伍
Flag of the China Fire and Rescue
Operational area
CountryChina
Agency overview
EstablishedOctober 10, 2018
Staffing220,000 as of 2023[1][1]
1st CommissarWang Xiangxi
Fire ChiefZhou Tian (politician) [zh]
Political CommissarLi Liangsheng [zh]
MottoLoyalty to the Party, strict discipline, devotion to fire and dedication to the people.（对党忠诚、纪律严明、赴汤蹈火、竭诚为民）[2]
Facilities and equipment
Provincial fire departments31
Training Corps3
Forest fire departments9
Stations9657 as of 2023[1]
Website
119.gov.cn

China Fire and Rescue (CFR, Chinese: 国家综合性消防救援队伍; trans. "National Comprehensive Firefighting and Rescue Force")[3] is China's primary firefighting force, which is overseen by the National Fire and Rescue Administration (NRFA). CFR responsibilities include fire and rescue tasks, forest firefighting, preventing and resolving major safety risks, disasters and accident response, and national fire prevention and emergency rescue tasks.[4]

The headquarters of the national fire and rescue administration

History

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On March 17, 2018, the 13th National People's Congress approved the creation of the Ministry of Emergency Management (MEM),[5] which took over disaster and emergency response and management responsibilities from various agencies, with the Ministry of Public Security's China Fire Services [zh] and People's Armed Police Forestry Corps [zh].[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][excessive citations][specify]

Emblem of China Fire and Rescue Force during the transition

CFR was officially established on October 10, 2018[13][14] by amalgamting relevant MEM response units.[14][15][16][specify] It was managed by the MEM's Fire and Rescue Bureau [zh] and Forest Fire Bureau [zh] in a similar manner to the People's Police.[14] MEM received the CFR's flag from General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping at a ceremony at the Great Hall of the People on November 9.[17][18] The National Fire and Rescue Administration was created on January 6, 2023 by merging the MEM bureaus.[14]

In June 2024, fire and rescue organizations were publicly designated as "Provincial Fire and Rescue Bureaus" and "Municipal Fire and Rescue Bureaus" depending on their administrative level.[19][20][21][22][23][24][excessive citations][specify]

Duties

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CFR responsibilities include fire and rescue tasks, forest firefighting, preventing and resolving major safety risks, disasters and accident response, and national fire prevention and emergency rescue tasks.[4]

Organization

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Fire and rescue departments

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China Fire And Rescue Uniform - Type 2018

Before the institutional reform, the fire-fighting force primarily consisted of the China Fire Services [zh], along with volunteer fire departments operated by local governments and enterprises. The Public Security Fire Brigade served as the core force and operated under the leadership of public security authorities. Its management system combined both sectoral and hierarchical oversight, and it was classified within the armed police structure.[25][26][27]

A Dongfeng Citroën C-Triomphe command vehicle Chaozhou City
A Spartan fire truck with type 2018 plates, Dongcheng District Fire and Rescue Department, Beijing City

Each province and city has a fire and rescue department, while county level subdivisions have a fire battalion.[28]

Type 2018 firefighting PPE

Following the Framework Programme for the Formation of the National Comprehensive Fire and Rescue Corps, the new structure designates fire and rescue headquarters at the provincial level, fire and rescue detachments at the district level, and fire and rescue brigades at the county level. These brigades oversee fire and rescue stations (squadrons), ensuring a more structured and coordinated approach to emergency response.[29]

Isuze FVR fire engine of Yingbin Road Fire Station in Zhengzhou in 2023

There are 31 firefighting departments and 3 training corps:[30][31][32][33]

Forestry fire Departments

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Before the institutional reform, China's forest firefighting force primarily comprised the Forest Troops of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, local forestry departments' firefighting divisions, and the Armed Police Forestry Force as the core unit. The former Armed Police Forestry Force operated under a dual leadership system, jointly managed by the State Forestry Administration and the Armed Police Headquarters, with the State Forestry Administration serving as the primary governing body.[34][35][36]

According to the Framework Programme for the Formation of the National Comprehensive Fire and Rescue Corps, certain units within the Forestry Firefighting Corps will maintain their original organizational structure.[37][38]

There are 9 forest fire departments:[30][39][40][41][42][31]

  • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Forest Fire Department
  • Jilin Provincial Forest Fire Department
  • Heilongjiang Provincial Forest Fire Department
  • Fujian Provincial Forest Fire Department
  • Sichuan Provincial Forest Fire Department
  • Yunnan Provincial Forest Fire Department
  • Tibet Autonomous Region Forest Fire Department
  • Gansu Provincial Forest Fire Department
  • Xinjiang Autonomous Region Forest Fire Department

Additionally, the NFRA has the Administration Mobile Detachment [zh], the Daqing Aerial Rescue Detachment [zh] and the Kunming Aerial Rescue Detachment [zh]. They operate Z-8 helicopters.[43][44][45]

Academies

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Oath

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The official oath of China Fire and Rescue reads as follows[46]

中国消防救援队誓词 (Oath of the China Fire and Rescue)

我志愿加入国家消防救援队伍，

I have voluntarily joined the China Fire and Rescue,

对党忠诚，纪律严明，赴汤蹈火，竭诚为民，

[I will] be loyal to the [Chinese communist] party, have strict discipline, walk through fire, [and] do everything to serve the people,

坚决做到服从命令、听从指挥，恪尽职守、

always finish my orders, listen to my command and do my duties,

苦练本领，不畏艰险、不怕牺牲，

be hardworking during training, not be scared of difficulties, and not be afraid of sacrificing [myself],

为维护人民生命财产安全、维护社会稳定贡献自己的一切。

and do everything in my power to protect societal stability and in protect lives and property.

Identification

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Rank and uniform

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Commissioner Deputy commissioner Assistant commissioner Commanders Battalion chiefs
无
Director general

总监

Deputy
Director General

副总监

Assistant
Director General

助理总监

Senior Commander

高级指挥长

Commander 1st Class

一级指挥长

Commander 2nd Class

二级指挥长

Commander 3rd Class

三级指挥长

Battalion Chief 1st Class

一级指挥员

Battalion Chief 2nd Class

二级指挥员

Battalion Chief 3rd Class

三级指挥员

Battalion Chief 4th Class

四级指挥员

Senior firefighters Intermediate firefighters Junior firefighters
中华人民共和国消防救援衔肩章 一级消防长 中华人民共和国消防救援衔肩章 二级消防长 中华人民共和国消防救援衔肩章 三级消防长 中华人民共和国消防救援衔肩章 一级消防士 中华人民共和国消防救援衔肩章 二级消防士 中华人民共和国消防救援衔肩章 三级消防士 中华人民共和国消防救援衔肩章 四级消防士 中华人民共和国消防救援衔肩章 预备消防士
Captain 1st Class

一级消防长

Captain 2nd Class

二级消防长

Captain 3rd Class

三级消防长

Firefighter 1st Class

一级消防士

Firefighter 2nd Class

二级消防士

Firefighter 3rd Class

三级消防士

Firefighter 4th Class

四级消防士

Probationary
firefighter

    预备消防士

Flag and Emblem

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The flag consists of two colors: red and blue. The red symbolizes the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the nation, while the blue represents the fire and rescue force, signifying that the team operates under the leadership of the Party and the state as a disciplined force. At the center of the flag is an emblem featuring a shield supported by olive branches, symbolizing the team's role as guardians of public safety, property, and social stability.[46]

The emblem primarily features gold as its main color, with blue in the central area. Olive and pine branches flank the shield, representing the team's responsibility to protect the safety of people's lives, property, and maintain social stability. The inclusion of the national emblem signifies the authority of the state and reflects the team's mission to perform its duties in accordance with the law.[47][48][49]

The symbol is encircled by olive branches, symbolizing peace and safety. Five five-pointed stars represent the lawful fulfillment of state-assigned duties. The clasped wrists symbolize rescue efforts, while the wings of an eagle denote responsiveness and swift action. Crossed axes and a fire hose indicate the team's firefighting functions.[47][48]

Plate and painting

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The sample number plate of CFR vehicles

The front part of fire engines are painted with the words "RESCUE", the side of the vehicle body is painted with the words "China Fire and Rescue Force", "FIRE" and the name and vehicle number of the affiliated unit, the roof is painted with the vehicle number, and the decorative strips are painted on both sides of the vehicle body and the rear of the vehicle.[50]

Statistics

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Rescue personnel evacuating villagers during the 2022 Luding earthquake.

Between it's establishment in 2018 and 2023, the CFR responded to over 9 million calls, deploying personnel over 93.6 million times and deploying fire engines more than 16.7 million times, rescuing and evacuating over 2.95 million people.[1]

Line of duty deaths

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As of 2023, over 165 firefighters of the CFR have died in the line of duty, with an additionally 1300 receiving duty related injuries.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "国家综合性消防救援队伍组建五年来——全力防风险保安全护稳定". State council of the PRC. 2023-11-08.
  2. ^ 彭, 景晖. "国家综合性消防救援队伍：两年来消除各类隐患1433万处" [State Comprehensive Fire and Rescue Teams: 14.33 Million Hidden Dangers Eliminated in Two Years]. 中国政府网 (in Chinese). 光明日报. p. 1.
  3. ^ "National Emergency Management System Plan during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period" (PDF). Ministry of Emergency Management.
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  6. ^ 王勇 (2018-03-13). "关于国务院机构改革方案的说明——2018年3月13日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上". 中国人大网. Archived from the original on 2018-06-09. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  7. ^ "第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议关于国务院机构改革方案的决定". 中国人大网. 2018-03-17. Archived from the original on 2018-03-18. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
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  21. ^ 黄, 佐春; 刘, 亮. "全国省级消防救援局统一挂牌" [National provincial fire rescue bureau unified registration]. 央视网 (in Chinese).
  22. ^ 谢, 博韬; 刘, 亮. "全国407个市级消防救援局挂牌" [407 municipal fire rescue bureaus across the country have been established]. 央视网.
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  29. ^ 汕尾市人民政府. "解读汕尾市贯彻《广东省消防救援队伍职业保障办法（试行）》实施细则（草案）条文释义" [Interpretation of the provisions of the Implementation Rules (Draft) of the Guangdong Provincial Fire and Rescue Team Occupational Security Measures (Trial) in Shanwei City]. 汕尾市人民政府.
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  32. ^ "四川消防救援总队". Fire and Rescue Department of Sichuan Province. Retrieved 2025-03-12.
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  37. ^ 新华社. "中共中央办公厅 国务院办公厅印发《组建国家综合性消防救援队伍框架方案》" [The General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Framework Plan for Establishing a National Comprehensive Fire and Rescue Team"]. 中国政府网. 北京: 新华社.
  38. ^ 孟, 亚旭; 李, 喆 (19 October 2018) [2018-10-19]. "消防部队退出现役后究竟怎么改？中央发文部署" [How will the fire brigade be changed after it retires from active service? The central government issued a document to arrange]. 新浪新闻. 新华网 人民网 中国人大网.
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  43. ^ "国家消防救援局机动支队 2023 年单位预算" (PDF). National Fire and Rescue Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-18. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
  44. ^ "国家消防救援局大庆航空救援支队严密组织航空救援能力合成训练" [National Fire and Rescue Administration Daqing Aerial Rescue Detachment conducts exercise]. Ministry of Emergency Management. 2024-09-04. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
  45. ^ "昆明航空救援支队" [Kunming Aerial Rescue Detachment]. China Fire and Rescue Institute. Retrieved 2025-03-19.
  46. ^ a b 邹, 伟; 叶, 昊鸣 (2018-11-09). 钱, 中兵 (ed.). "永远做党和人民的忠诚卫士——习近平为国家综合性消防救援队伍授旗并致训词侧记" [Always be the Loyal Defender of the Party and the People - Xi Jinping Flags Off State Comprehensive Firefighting and Rescue Team and Gives a Ceremonial Speech]. XINHUANET.com (in Chinese). 北京.
  47. ^ a b 尚, 丹, ed. (2018-11-08). "你好，火焰蓝！消防救援队伍新制服来了！". news.sina.cn. 人民日报. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  48. ^ a b 李, 俪, ed. (2018-12-29). "你好，火焰蓝！杭州消防今日换装！" [Hello, flame blue! Hangzhou firefighters dress up today!]. apiv4.cst123.cn. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  49. ^ 黄, 赐勇, ed. (2018-11-09). "你好 火焰蓝！消防救援队伍新制服来了！,桂视网,桂林视频新闻门户网站" [Hello, flame blue! The new uniforms for the Fire and Rescue Service are here!]. news.gltvs.com. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  50. ^ 应急部教育训练司. "应急管理部负责人就国家综合性消防救援车辆悬挂应急救援专用号牌答记者问". 中华人民共和国应急管理部门户网站. Retrieved 2019-01-03.
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