Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola
| Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Brassicaceae |
| Genus: | Cardamine |
| Species: | |
| Variety: | C. p. var. arenicola
|
| Trinomial name | |
| Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola | |
Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola, commonly known as sand bittercress, is a flowering plant that is usually regarded as a variety in the family Brassicaceae native to North America.[2] Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola was initially described as a distinct species, but is now commonly treated as a variety. However, recent nuclear DNA data suggests a sister relationship between the American and Eurasian plants (though cpDNA data found the two taxa to be intermingled).[3]
Etymology
[edit]The specific epithet parviflora is Latin for "small flower", and the varietal epithet is Latin for "growing in sandy places".[4]
Description
[edit]Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola is morphologically distinct from Cardamine parviflora var. parviflora[5] and may warrant specific recognition.[2] Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola differs from its Eurasian counterpart due to its overall larger stature, broader and toothed basal leaflets, and generally longer siliques.[5] Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola is a winter-annual.[6]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola is found throughout eastern North America and also occurs in the Pacific Northwest. It grows in a variety of seasonally wet habitats with shallow or sandy soil and greenstone, diabase and granite glades.[2] It also occurs in fallow fields and poorly draining old fields.[4]
Ecology
[edit]The flowers are likely visited by small bees and flies. The lepidopterans Anthocharis midea and Evergestis pallidata occasionally select Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola as a host plant.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ "Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 9 July 2025.
- ^ a b c "Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola". Flora of the Southeastern United States. Retrieved 9 July 2025.
- ^ "Cardamine parviflora". Flora of North America. Retrieved 9 July 2025.
- ^ a b "Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola (Britt.) O.E. Schulz". SEINet. Retrieved 9 July 2025.
- ^ a b Fernald, M. L. (1927). "THE AMERICAN CARDAMINE PARVIFLORA". Rhodora. 29 (345): 191–192.
- ^ a b "Small-Flowered Bitter Cress". Illinois Wildflowers. Retrieved 9 July 2025.
Further reading
[edit]Paul W Graff (1946). "Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola: A Supplementary Note". Castanea (in Spanish). 11 (1): 52–52. ISSN 0008-7475. JSTOR 4031245. Wikidata Q105738002.