Bibi Pardhan Kaur
Pardhan Kaur (1718–1789) was a Sikh woman from the ruling Phulkian dynasty of Patiala who became a religious figure.[1][2][3][4]
Life
[edit]She was the daughter of Ala Singh and Mai Fatto.[1][2][4] She had three brothers, Sardul Singh, Bhuma Singh, and Lal Singh.[5] She was married to Sham Singh Randhawa of Ramdas village in Amritsar district.[note 1][2] However, she became widowed shortly after and returned to her parental home.[2] Other sources claim the couple had given birth to a son named Bhup Singh, who died in childbood, with the couple fighting afterwards and becoming separated after the husband took-on a second wife.[1] After her return to her parental home at Barnala, Pardhan became more religious.[1] Her father, Ala Singh, granted her a jagir estate and dispatched a knowledgeable Nirmala named Bhai Nikka Singh to guide Pardhan Kaur regarding the Guru Granth Sahib.[1][6] Pardhan Kaur offered the patta of a land-grant of thirty villages to Nikka Singh.[6] A dera and gurdwara were established by for Bhai Nikka Singh.[1] Bhai Nikka Singh was succeeded by Bhai Gandha Singh.[1] Pardhan Kaur founded a Sikh religious school (pathshala) for children at Barnala.[1]
She also played a role, alongside Rani Khem Kaur, Thamman Singh Dhaliwal, and Hamir Singh, in the imprisonment of the diwan Nanu Mal.[7][8][5]
Pardhan died in 1789.[1] The school established by her at Barnala continued in-operation for a long time but recently closed.[1][3]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Some sources give the name of her husband as 'Mohar Singh Randhawa'.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Singh, Kirpal (2005). Baba Ala Singh: Founder of Patiala Kingdom (2nd ed.). Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University. pp. 124–126.
- ^ a b c d Singh, Bhagat (1993). A History of the Sikh Misls. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 309.
- ^ a b Mann, Gurinder Singh. Sikhism. Prentice Hall. p. 105. ISBN 9780130409775.
In the post-Guru period, Bibi Pradhan Kaur (d. 1789), daughter of Baba Ala Singh, the founder of the Patiala dynasty, is known for her spirituality and for the school for children she started at Barnala, which was open until recently.
- ^ a b Kaur, Bhupinder (2000). Status of Women in Sikhism. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. pp. 24–25.
- ^ a b Seetal, Sohan Singh (1981). The Sikh Misals and the Punjab States. Lahore Book Shop. pp. 91, 101.
- ^ a b Punjab History Conference: 26th Session: Papers, Volume 1. Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University. 1995. p. 172.
- ^ Sandhu, Jaspreet Kaur (2000). Sikh Ethos: Eighteenth Century Perspective. Vision & Venture. p. 72. ISBN 9788186769126.
- ^ The Panjab Past and Present. Vol. 19. Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University. 1985. pp. 32–33.
... Bibi Pardhan Kaur, grand-aunt of Raja Sahib Singh and some others got him [Diwan Nanu Mal] arrested as he was lying at Anandpur where he was wounded by Khurram Beg and sent him a prisoner to Patiala.
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