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Battle of Akçay

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Battle of Akçay
Part of the Ottoman wars in Asia
Date1397 or 1398
Location
Akçay, Edremit
Result Ottoman victory
Belligerents
Karamanids Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Alâeddin Ali Bey Executed Bayezid I

The Battle of Akçay was a battle between the Ottoman Sultanate under Bayezid I and the Karamanids in 1397 or 1398. After the battle, which resulted in a decisive victory for the Ottomans, the lands of Karaman were annexed into the Ottoman Empire. Karamanid leader, Alâeddin Ali Bey, who had been a thorn in the Ottomans' side for many years, was executed.[1]

Background and battle

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During the Battle of Nicopolis (1396), Alaeddin Ali Bey attacked Ankara and captured Sarı Timurtaş Pasha, the beylerbey of Anatolia Eyalet, responsible for defending the city.[a] After the Ottoman victory at Nicopolis, Alaeddin Ali Bey dressed Timurtaş Pasha in robes of honor and sent him along with envoys to Bayezid I in hopes of reconciliation.[3][4] Bayezid rejected the offer and marched against the Karamanids.[5][6] A two-day-long battle ensued in the Akçay plain near Konya without a decisive result. However, during the second night, approximately 30,000 Ottoman troops encircled the Karamanid forces. Trapped between two fires, the Karamanids retreated and took refuge within the fortress of Konya.[5][7] After an eleven-day siege, the Ottomans persuaded the city's populace to surrender by guaranteeing their safety and property.[5] Alaeddin Ali Bey, who fell from his horse while fleeing, was captured and brought before Bayezid in chains. When Bayezid questioned why he did not submit, Alaeddin Ali Bey replied that he too was a sovereign like Bayezid. Angered by the response, Bayezid ordered his execution. His head was placed on a spear and paraded through the city.[8]

Aftermath

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After appointing a governor to Konya, Bayezid marched on Larende (modern Karaman), where Alaeddin Ali Bey’s wife and children were located. The city resisted briefly but eventually surrendered. Alaeddin Ali Bey’s sons, Mehmed and Ali, handed over the keys to the city.[9] Bayezid sent the family to Bursa and installed one of his own beys in Larende.[10][11] With Alaeddin Ali Bey's death, the northern Karamanid territories—Konya, Larende, Niğde, Develi, and Karahisar—were incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. Meanwhile, cities and fortresses south of the Taurus Mountains such as Mut, Ermenek, Taşeli, and İçel remained under the control of other Karamanid family branches.[10] The battle is named the "Battle of Akçay" after the plain where it occurred.[12]

Notes

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  1. ^ There were three historical figures named Timurtaş Pasha. Sarı Timurtaş Pasha should not be confused with Kara Timurtaş Pasha or Çandarlı Ali Pasha’s slave and namesake.[2]

References

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Specific
  1. ^ Başkan, Yahya. "Karamanoğulları Beyliği (Alâ'ed-din Ali Bey Dönemi (1357-1398)". İnönü Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  2. ^ Uzunçarşılı 1998, pp. 295–296.
  3. ^ Başkan 1999, p. 38.
  4. ^ Sümer 1989, p. 322.
  5. ^ a b c Uzunçarşılı 1998, p. 296.
  6. ^ Danişmend 1971, p. 113.
  7. ^ Başkan 1999, pp. 38–39.
  8. ^ Uzunçarşılı 1998, pp. 296–297.
  9. ^ Başkan 1999, pp. 39–40.
  10. ^ a b Uzunçarşılı 1998, p. 297.
  11. ^ Başkan 1999, p. 40.
  12. ^ Başkan 2007, pp. 14–15.
General
  • Başkan, Yahya (1999). The Karamanid Principality during the reign of Alaeddin Ali Bey (1357–1398) (MA) (in Turkish). Malatya: İnönü University, Institute of Social Sciences. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  • Başkan, Yahya (2007). The Struggle for Control in Central Anatolia (1400–1500) (PDF) (PhD) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Istanbul University, Institute of Social Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  • Danişmend, İsmail Hami (1971). İzahlı Osmanlı Tarihi Kronolojisi (in Turkish). Vol. 1. Türkiye Yayınevi.
  • Sümer, Faruk (1989). "ALÂEDDİN BEY" (PDF). TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Vol. 2. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı. pp. 321–323.
  • Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı (1998). Osmanlı Tarihi: From the foundation of the Ottoman state to the conquest of Istanbul, with a preface on the Anatolian Seljuks and Beyliks (in Turkish). Vol. 1 (7 ed.). Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. ISBN 978-975-6945-11-7.
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