Balash Azeroglu
Balash Azeroglu | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1921-11-11 Baku, Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic |
| Died | 2011-04-24 Baku, Azerbaijan |
| Occupation | poet, editor, translator, literary critic |
| Notable awards | People's Poet of the Azerbaijan SSR |
| Spouse | Madina Gulgun |
Balash Azeroglu or Balash Abızade (November 11, 1921, Baku – April 24, 2011, Baku) was a People's Poet of Azerbaijan, literary scholar, and participant in the 21 Azar movement.
During the period of the Azerbaijan People's Government, he was a deputy of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan, editor of the "Covdat" newspaper, deputy chairman of the Azerbaijan State Radio Broadcasting Committee, and a member of the board of the "Society of Writers and Poets." After the collapse of the National Government, he moved to Baku.
In different years, he served as the chairman of the "Azerbaijan Writers' Society," editor of the "Azerbaijan" newspaper, secretary of the Union of Azerbaijani Writers, and chief advisor on South Azerbaijani literature at the Union of Azerbaijani Writers. His works have been translated into English, Russian, Persian, Uzbek, French, Georgian, Ukrainian, and Latvian. For his activities, he was awarded twice with the Honorary Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR, as well as with the Orders of "Order of the Badge of Honour," "Order of Friendship of Peoples," and "Shohrat Order" and the jubilee medals "21 Azar" and "Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"."
Life
[edit]Balash Abizade was born on November 11, 1921, in Baku.[1][2] He received his secondary education at School No. 21 in Baku.[2] While still a student, he joined the literature club at the Republican Pioneers’ House. His first poem titled "Dnepr" was published in the "Pioner" magazine in 1936.[3][4]
During Stalin's repressions, in February 1938, first his father and then he himself were arrested.[5][6] After being imprisoned for two months, he was exiled to Ardabil. There, together with family members who had been exiled before him, he moved to the village of Salim Qishlaghi.[6] In this village, he began attending night classes to learn Persian.[7]
Participation in the 21 Azar Movement
[edit]In 1942, he became a member of the Tudeh Party.[1][8] In 1943, he was elected chairman of the Ardabil provincial branch of the "Anti-Fascist" Society.[9][10] He was the editor of the society’s press organ, the "Yumruq" newspaper,[1][11] and the editor of the society’s literature page titled "Anti-Fascist."[12] His first poetry book, titled First Poems, was published in 1943 in Ardabil by the Azerbaijan "Anti-Fascist" Society.[13] After the "Assembly of Poets" society was established in the editorial office of the On the Path of the Homeland newspaper in 1945, Balash Azeroghlu established the same society in Ardabil.[14]
After the Azerbaijan Democratic Party was established in 1945, he became a member of the party and was active in the Ardabil provincial committee.[15][16] After the party's official press organ in Ardabil was designated as the "Covdat" newspaper,[17] Balash Azeroghlu was appointed editor of the newspaper.[10][18] From November 27 to December 2, 1945, for the first time in Iranian history, free elections were held with the participation of women.[19][20][21] As a result of these elections, Balash Azeroghlu was elected as a representative to the Azerbaijan National Assembly from Germi.[22][23] After the establishment of the Azerbaijan People's Government, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Azerbaijan State Radio Broadcasting Committee.[1][24] His second book, titled "Poems", was published in 1946 by the "On the Path of the Homeland" publishing house in Tabriz.[1][13] In 1946, he was elected as a member of the board of the "Society of Writers and Poets," which was formed on the basis of the "Assembly of Poets" society.[1]
On December 5, 1946, the Shah’s troops advancing in the direction of Miyaneh were stopped by the fedayeen led by Ghulam Yahya.[25][26] People from various regions of Azerbaijan were applying to the National Government to arm themselves and fight against the Shah’s troops.[27] After this, under the leaderhip of Mir Jafar Pishevari, a Defense Committee was established.[28][29] The first task of the committee was to declare a state of emergency in Tabriz and form volunteer units called "Babak."[27][30][31] In the first stage, the volunteer units had 600 members.[29][32] After that, Pishevari again appealed to the Soviet Union for military support.[27][33] However, this request also went unanswered.[34]
On December 11, 1946, the Azerbaijan Provincial Assembly, in order to prevent bloodshed, issued an order to the Qizilbash People's Army and the fedayeen units not to resist the Shah's troops and to withdraw from the battlefields.[35][36][37] Starting from that very day, before the Iranian army entered the major cities, bands of landlords' thugs and plainclothes gendarmes began committing massacres in those cities.[38][39] These bands were referred to by Tehran Radio as "Iranian patriots."[39] The main goal of these groups was to destroy the democrats and ensure the Shah’s army could enter the cities.[38][39] Tabriz and other cities of Azerbaijan were subjected to looting and massacres.[38][40] The Azerbaijan National Government collapsed.[41][42] On December 14, 1946, the Iranian army, supported by the United States and Great Britain, entered Tabriz.[43][44] The massacres and looting continued thereafter.[40][43] Thousands of people were arrested and exiled.[45] During these massacres, members of the Azerbaijan Democratic Party, fedayeen, and also well-known poets such as Ali Fitrat, Sadi Yuzbendi, Jafar Kashif, and Mohammadbagher Niknam were killed.[46][47][48]
After the collapse of the Azerbaijan National Government
[edit]After the collapse of the Azerbaijan People's Government, Balash Azeroghlu hid in Tabriz for a while. On April 15, 1947, he was secretly taken out of Tabriz and brought to Baku by the "Nejat Society," which had been established to rescue democrats hiding in Southern Azerbaijan.[49][50] He arrived in Baku on April 17 and was placed in Yashıl Bagh (Green Garden), located in Mardakan.[51] The "Society of Writers and Poets," which had been active in Tabriz during the National Government period, began operating in Baku under the name "Azerbaijan Writers' Society" starting in 1947.[52] Balash Azeroghlu was elected chairman of this society.[52][53]
From 1947 to 1952, he studied at the Faculty of Philology at Azerbaijan State University.[10][50][54] From 1948 to 1953, he was the head of the literary and artistic department of the "Azerbaijan" newspaper, the press organ of the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Democratic Party (ADF). From 1953 to 1956, he served as its executive editor.[50][54] From 1956 to 1958, he was the head of the propaganda department of the ADF Central Committee, from 1958 to 1959, the dean of a special faculty at the Baku Higher Party School, and from 1959 to 1963, the deputy chairman of the ADF Central Committee.[54] In 1966, he defended his thesis on "The Works of Mohammad Amani" and received the title of Candidate of Philological Sciences.[50]
On October 14, 1958, he was elected a member of the Union of Azerbaijani Writers, and in December of the same year, a member of its board.[55] In 1981, on the occasion of his 60th anniversary, he was awarded the title of "People's Poet."[56] From 1981 to 1991, he served as secretary of the Union of Azerbaijani Writers.[57] In 1991, he was elected a member of the Council of Elders of the Union of Azerbaijani Writers.[54] From 1991 to 2011, he served as chief advisor on South Azerbaijani literature at the Union of Azerbaijani Writers.[10] He translated Nizami’s poem "Seven Beauties", ghazals by Fuzuli, and poems by Shahriar from Persian into Azerbaijani[58].
Over the years, his books "Poems", "Savalan", "On the Paths of Struggle", "Friends of My Youth", "My Songs", "Morning Lights", "The Power of Art", "At Hafez’s Grave", "The Homeland Wants Such a Son", "My Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow", "Come, O Spring", "My Heart is Mount Savalan", and "I Want a Platform" were published.[58] His works were translated into English, Russian, Persian, Uzbek, French, Georgian, Ukrainian, and Latvian.[57] For his activities, he was twice awarded the Honorary Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR, as well as the Orders of the "Order of the Badge of Honour," "Order of Friendship of Peoples,"[59] and "Shohrat Order," [60][57] and the jubilee medals "21 Azar" and "Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin""[54]
Balash Azeroghlu passed away on April 24, 2011, in Baku.[10] He was buried in the Second Alley of Honor.[61][62]
Family
[edit]Balash Azeroghlu's parents were originally from the village of Salim Qishlaghi in Ardabil. His father, Allahbakhsh Abizade, moved to Baku for work.[63] In 1938, he and his family were exiled from Baku.[5][6]
In 1950, he married Madina Gulgün. They had two sons from this marriage, named Araz and Etibar.[50]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Cənubi Azərbaycan Ədəbiyyatı Antologiyası 1988, p. 177.
- ^ a b Bərdəli 2007, p. 19.
- ^ "Vətən həsrəti bitməyən Balaş Azəroğlu". Milli.Az (in Azerbaijani). 2019-11-11. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
- ^ Bərdəli 2007, p. 22.
- ^ a b Fərzad 2006, p. 23.
- ^ a b c Bərdəli 2007, p. 24.
- ^ Bərdəli 2007, p. 27.
- ^ Azəroğlu,Məmmədzadə 1961, p. 27.
- ^ Həsənli 1998, p. 110.
- ^ a b c d e "Balaş Azəroğlu". Azərbaycan qəzeti. 2011-04-26. p. 6. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
- ^ Bərdəli 2007, p. 30.
- ^ XX əsr Cənubi Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatında demokratik ideyalar 1990, p. 143.
- ^ a b Bərdəli 2007, p. 13.
- ^ Bərdəli 2007, p. 32.
- ^ Həsənli 2006, p. 117.
- ^ Mərəndli 2017, p. 104.
- ^ Çeşmazər 1986, p. 74.
- ^ Bərdəli 2007, p. 34.
- ^ Atabaki 2000, p. 114.
- ^ Şəmidə 1961, p. 139.
- ^ Həsənov 2004, p. 139.
- ^ Məhərrəmova, Təranə (2010-11-12). "Xalq şairi Balaş Azəroğlu Cənubi Azərbaycanda 65 il bundan öncə baş vermiş "21 Azər hərəkatı"nın tarixi əhəmiyyəti haqqında danışır". Kaspi qəzeti. p. 8. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
- ^ Azəroğlu Seyid Cəfər Pişəvəri haqqında (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: 21 Azər jurnalı. 2000. p. 12.
- ^ Bərdəli 2007, p. 36.
- ^ Rəhmanifər, Məhəmməd (2015-01-04). "Güney Azərbaycanda Milli Hökumətin süqutundan sonra nələr yaşandı?". Apa.az (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 2025-01-04. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
- ^ Həsənli 2006, p. 437.
- ^ a b c Həsənli 2006, p. 438.
- ^ Rəhimli, Əkrəm (2010). Güney Azərbaycan: tarixi, siyasi və kulturoloji müstəvidə. / S.C.Pişəvəri gənclik illərində (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Azərnəşr. p. 83. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-08. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
- ^ a b Hasanli 2006, p. 366.
- ^ Atabaki 2000, p. 172.
- ^ Sultanlı 2010, p. 83.
- ^ Rəhimli 2003, p. 143.
- ^ Rəhimli, Əkrəm (2016). Pişəvəri S.C. Məqalə və çıxışlarından seçmələr (Təbriz 1945-1946-cı illər) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Nurlar nəşriyyatı. p. 415.
- ^ Həsənli 2006, p. 441.
- ^ Rossow 1956, p. 30.
- ^ Rəhimli 2003, p. 149.
- ^ Hasanli 2006, p. 370.
- ^ a b c Hasanli 2006, p. 373.
- ^ a b c Balayev 2018, p. 36.
- ^ a b Duqlas, Vilyam (1951). Strange lands and friendly people. Nyu-York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. p. 45.
- ^ Lenczowski, George (1972). United States' Support for Iran's Independence and Integrity, 1945–1959. Vol. 401. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. p. 49. doi:10.1177/000271627240100106. ISSN 0002-7162.
- ^ Həsənli 2006, p. 445.
- ^ a b Həsənli 2006, p. 448.
- ^ McEvoy, Joanne; O'Leary, Brendan (2013). Power Sharing in Deeply Divided Places. Filadelfiya: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 191. ISBN 9780812245011.
- ^ Hasanli 2006, p. 375.
- ^ Balayev 2018, p. 137.
- ^ Əmirov 2000, p. 51.
- ^ Əliqızı 2001, p. 24.
- ^ Fərzad 2006, p. 25.
- ^ a b c d e Bərdəli 2007, p. 39.
- ^ Fərzad 2006, p. 26.
- ^ a b Balayev 2018, p. 139.
- ^ Əliqızı 2001, p. 26.
- ^ a b c d e Cənubi Azərbaycan Ədəbiyyatı Antologiyası 1988, p. 178.
- ^ Balayev 2018, p. 141.
- ^ Bərdəli 2007, p. 17.
- ^ a b c Bərdəli 2007, p. 40.
- ^ a b "Xalq şairi Balaş Azəroğlunun anadan olmasından 103 il ötür". azertag.az (in Azerbaijani). 2024-11-11. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
- ^ Ведомости Верховного Совета Союза Советских Социалистических Республик (PDF) (in Russian). Moskva: Издание Верховного Совета СССР. 1981. p. 1001.
- ^ Balaş Azəroğlunun "Şöhrət" ordeni ilə təltif edilməsi haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin Fərmanı 1997 (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin Fərmanları və Sərəncamları. p. 216. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-12-05. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
- ^ "Xalq şairi Balaş Azəroğlu ikinci Fəxri Xiyabanda dəfn olunub". GünAz Tv (in Azerbaijani). 2011. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
- ^ "Xalq şairi Balaş Azəroğlu son mənzilə yola salınmışdır". Xalq Qəzeti (in Azerbaijani). 2011-04-26. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
- ^ Bərdəli 2007, p. 18.
Literature
[edit]- Atabaki, Touraj (2000). Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. London: I.B.Tauris. p. 288. ISBN 9781860645549.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Azəroğlu, Balaş; Məmmədzadə, Həmid (1961). Cənubi Azərbaycan yazıçılarının ədəbi məcmuəsi (in South Azerbaijani). Bakı: Azərbaycan ruznaməsi. p. 342. Archived from the original on 2025-01-28. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- Balayev, Xaqan (2018). Azərbaycanın sosial-siyasi həyatında cənublu mühacirlərin iştirakı (1947-1991) (in Azerbaijani). Baku: Elm və təhsil nəşriyyatı. p. 198. ISBN 9789952370911.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Bərdəli, Bahar (2007). Balaş Azəroğlunun yaradıcılıq yolu (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Nurlan nəşriyyatı. p. 176.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Bərdəli, Bahar (2012). Cənubi Azərbayan mühacirət poeziyası (1947-1990) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Elm və təhsil nəşriyyatı. p. 116.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Cənubi Azərbaycan Ədəbiyyatı Antologiyası (in Azerbaijani). Vol. III. Bakı: Sabah nəşriyyatı. 1988. p. 554. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
- Çeşmazər, Mirqasım (1986). Azərbaycan Demokrat Partiyasının yaranması və fəaliyyəti (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Elm nəşriyyatı. p. 121. Archived from the original on 2023-05-02. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Əliqızı, Almaz (2001). Azadlıq və istiqlal poeziyası (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Bakı Dövlət Universiteti nəşriyyatı. p. 160. ISBN 9789952817607. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-01-28. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Əmirov, Sabir (2000). Cənubi Azərbaycan milli-demokratik ədəbiyyatı (1941-1990) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Elm (nəşriyyat, SSRİ). p. 257. ISBN 5806612600.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Fərzad, Şahruh (2006). فرقه دموکرات آذربایجان از تخلیهی تبریز تا مرگ پیشهوری: خاطراتی از شهود عینی به انضمام اسناد منتشر نشده / Azərbaycan Demokrat Firqəsi Təbrizin boşaldılmasından Pişəvərinin ölümünə qədər: Şahidlərin xatirələri, o cümlədən dərc olunmamış sənədlər (in Persian). Tehran: اوحدی. p. 788. ISBN 9789648234404.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Hasanli, Jamil (2006). At the Dawn of the Cold War: The Soviet-American Crisis over Iranian Azerbaijan, 1941–1946 (in Azerbaijani). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 416. ISBN 978-0742540552.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Həsənov, Həsən (2004). Cənubi Azərbaycanda Milli Demokratik hərəkat (1941-1946-cı illər) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Elm nəşriyyatı. p. 204.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Həsənli, Cəmil (1998). Güney Azərbaycan:Tehran - Bakı - Moskva arasında (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Diplomat nəşriyyatı. p. 324. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-12-04. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Həsənli, Cəmil (2006). СССР-Иран: Азербайджанский кризис и начало холодной войны: 1941-1946 гг (PDF) (in Russian). Moskva: Герои Отечества. p. 560. ISBN 5910170120. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-12-21. Retrieved 2024-12-25.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Mərəndli, Barış (2017). "21 Azər" soyqırımı: 1946-1947-ci illərdə Cənubi Azərbaycanda kütləvi qırğınlar (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Elm və təhsil nəşriyyatı. p. 376. ISBN 9789952831283. Archived from the original on 2024-12-07. Retrieved 2024-12-03.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Rəhimli, Əkrəm (2003). Güney Azərbaycan milli-demokratik hərəkat (1941-1946) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Meqa nəşriyyatı. p. 207. Archived from the original on 2024-12-17. Retrieved 2024-12-26.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Rossow, Robert (1956). "The Battle of Azerbaijan, 1946". Middle East Journal. X (1): 17–32. JSTOR 4322770. Archived from the original on 2022-02-04.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Sultanlı, Vaqif (2010). Güney Azərbaycan tarixi siyasi və kulturoloji müstəvidə (məqalələr toplusu) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Azərnəşr. p. 172.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Şəmidə, Əli (1961). İranda fəhlə və həmkarlar hərəkatı (1941-1946) (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Azərbaycan SSR Elmlər Akademiyası Nəşriyyatı. p. 181.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - XX əsr Cənubi Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatında demokratik ideyalar (1900-1985). Məqalələr məcmuəsi (in Azerbaijani). Bakı: Azərbaycan SSR EA Nizami adına Ədəbiyyat və Dil İnstitutu. 1990. p. 216.