Amphitherium
| Amphitherium Temporal range: Middle Jurassic
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Drawing of the jaw of A. prevostii from the Stonesfield Slate | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | †Amphitheriida |
| Family: | †Amphitheriidae |
| Genus: | †Amphitherium Blainville, 1838 |
| Type species | |
| †Amphitherium prevostii (Mayer, 1832)
| |
| Other species | |
| |
Amphitherium is an extinct genus of stem cladotherian mammal that lived during the Middle Jurassic of England.[1] It was one of the first Mesozoic mammals ever described. A recent phylogenetic study found it to be the sister taxon of Palaeoxonodon.[2] It is found in the Forest Marble Formation and the Taynton Limestone Formation.
Etymology
[edit]Amphitherium comes from the Greek amphi meaning 'on both sides', and therion meaning 'wild beast'. This was in reference to de Blainville's incorrect belief that the original fossil jaw of this animal was not a mammal, but something in between mammals and reptiles.
History
[edit]
The first jaws of mammals from the Mesozoic - including Amphitherium - were found in the Stonesfield Slate, part of the Taynton Limestone Formation near Stonesfield in England.[3] These were bought by a student of the British paleontologist William Buckland. Although he thought the jaws were mammalian, the anatomist Georges Cuvier misidentified them as being from a marsupial mammal, Didelphis. Later they were identified as being a new genus, and named Amphitherium. It was first mentioned in the scientific literature alongside Megalosaurus, by William Buckland. It came from the Stonesfield Slate of Oxfordshire, England, and Buckland described it in 1824 as "not less extraordinary" than the dinosaur,[4] but it was the larger fossil reptile that captured public imagination. Additional remains were recovered in the late 20th century from the Kirtlington Quarry and Watton Cliff, both part of the Forest Marble Formation
Other early mammal discoveries included Amphilestes, Phascolotherium, and the mammal relative, Stereognathus.[3]
Classification
[edit]Amphitherium is placed as a member of the clade Cladotheria. Some studies have placed it with Palaeoxonodon, also known from the Middle Jurassic of Britain, as part of the clade Amphitheriidae. Cladogram after Panciroli et al. 2018:[5]
| Cladotheria |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
However, some studies have not found a close relationship with Palaeoxonodon. Cladogram after Lasseron et al. 2022:[6]
References
[edit]- ^ Butler, P. M.; Clemens, W. A. (2001). "Dental Morphology of the Jurassic Holotherian Mammal Amphitherium, with a Discussion of the Evolution of Mammalian Post-Canine Dental Formulae". Palaeontology. 44 (1): 1–20. Bibcode:2001Palgy..44....1B. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00166.
- ^ Panciroli E; Roger B.J. Benson; Richard J. Butler (2018). "New partial dentaries of amphitheriid mammalian Palaeoxonodon ooliticus from Scotland, and posterior dentary morphology in early cladotherians". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. in press. doi:10.4202/app.00434.2017.
- ^ a b Rudwick, M.J.S. 2008. Worlds Before Adam
- ^ Geological Society Publications [dead link]
- ^ Panciroli E; Roger B.J. Benson; Richard J. Butler (2018). "New partial dentaries of amphitheriid mammalian Palaeoxonodon ooliticus from Scotland, and posterior dentary morphology in early cladotherians". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 63 (2). doi:10.4202/app.00434.2017.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lasseron, Maxime; Martin, Thomas; Allain, Ronan; Haddoumi, Hamid; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Zouhri, Samir; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (December 2022). "An African Radiation of 'Dryolestoidea' (Donodontidae, Cladotheria) and its Significance for Mammalian Evolution". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 29 (4): 733–761. doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09613-9. ISSN 1064-7554.
 | This article about a Mesozoic mammal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |