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Ajdjeriyiqo Kushuk

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Prince

Ajdjeriyiqo Kushuk Bekmirza
Ajdjeriyiqo Kushuk in Russian sources, 1825[1]
Native name
Ажджэриикъуэ Кушыку
Nickname(s)The Guide of the Circassian Land[2][3]
Bornc. 19th c.
Kabardia, Circassia
Died23 January [O.S. 11 January] 1830
Urup River, Besleney, Circassia
Allegiance Kabardia (East Circassia)
Circassian Confederation
Battles / warsRusso-Circassian War
RelationsMuhammad Asha
Karamirza Aliy

Ajdjeriyiqo Kushuk Bekmirza[a] (Kabardian: Ажджэриикъуэ Кущыку Бекмырзэ, Russian: Ажгериев Кушук), was a Circassian military commander and prince. He took part in the Russo-Circassian War.[4]

Biography

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Name

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Kushuk's surname is Bekmirza, and Ajdjeriyiqo means "son of Ajdjeriy".[5][6][7] In different sources, it is found as, Adzhgirey or Kushikupsh. In Circassian languages, names and surnames ending with the suffix '-psh', as in the variant Kushikupsh, imply that the person is a prince, derived from the word 'pshi', meaning prince.

Early life

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Since the Circassians did not write their history and all the information comes from external sources, the details about Ajdjeriyiqo's youth are not well-documented. According to the oral sources, he was a member of the Bekmirza family, one of the Kabardian princely families.[8][6] His exact birth date is not known. Ajdjeriyiqo was born in Kabardia and raised with a martial education.[8] His cousin from his mother side was Muhammad Asha and his uncle from his mother side was Prince Karamirza Aliy.[9][10][6][7]

Russo-Circassian War

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He has participated in wars against the Russians since his youth.[11][12] He was one of the Hajret Kabardians who migrated to Western Circassia after the Russian occupation of Kabardia to continue the war.[13][14] He migrated in 1817.[15] He lived in the village of Vulape, located in the Besleney lands on the banks of the Urup River.[16] In Circassian folk tales, Ajdjeriyiqo's skill in finding directions by observing the stars is frequently mentioned.[8] As a very famous cavalry commander among the Circassians, many songs, laments, and stories have been told about him in both Adyghe and Kabardian.[12][17][18] Even during his lifetime, songs were sung about him.[18] It has been recorded that when a call to arms was issued, the warriors promptly assembled under his command.[17] He was a friend of famous commanders and warriors such as Khirtsizhiqo Ale and Shogen Shumakho.[12][13][19]

Duel with Prince Astemir

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Main article: Karamirzey Massacre

On April 1, 1825, General Velyaminov issued an order to destroy the villages of Hajret Kabardians.[9] On April 5, the Russian army, under the command of Fedor Aleksandrovich Bekovich-Cherkasski, launched an unexpected attack on the Karamirzey village in the Besleney region. The Russians obtained the exact location of the village, as well as the difficult routes to avoid detection, by interrogating a captured shepherd.[20] Karamirzey was 7-8 times larger than other Circassian villages.[20] The villagers were Hajret Kabardians, and the village was named after its prince; famous Hajret Kabardian Prince Karamırza Aliy Misost. Besides Aliy, famous warriors also lived in this village.[8][21][22][23][24]

During the attack, Prince Karamırza Aliy was killed, the village was plundered, set on fire, and destroyed, the villagers were massacred, and the surviving minority was taken captive.[10] When the Jambolat Qeytuqo and Ajdjeriyiqo's armies arrived at the village, the Russians had already retreated.[25] The two wives of Karamirza, named Haniy and Yelmiskhan, were captured as spoils of war, and Haniy was gifted to Prince Astemir, who had helped in the destruction of the village.[8][26] Upon hearing the news, the Circassian commanders decided to seek revenge on those who had helped the Russians in the massacre. Ajdjeriyiqo rode 400 kilometers and arrived at Astemirov's village in Lesser Kabardia, challenging him to a duel. Ajdjeriyiqo killed Astemirov and, in the oral sources, he took the widowed wife of Karamirza Aliy back to Western Circassia.[8][21][22][23][24] According to Russian sources, Haniy was forced to marry with Fyodor Bekovich-Cherkasski before the death of Astemirov.[27]

Death

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On January 11, 1830, he was severely wounded while defending an Abazin village near the banks of the Urup River and died from his injuries.[11][28][29][7] After the battle, his body was carried on horseback to his village by his cavalries.[11]

Legacy

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There are nearly 50 folkloric elements recorded in the archives of the Adygea Institute of Social Sciences related to Ajdjeriyiqo Kushuk.[4][16] In a traditional Abzakh song, Kushuk and Ale are mentioned as follows:[30][b]

Among those my eyes behold, the most honorable is Prince Kushuk; among the valiant riders, the most courageous is Ale.

Notes

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  1. ^ Kabardian: Ажджэриикъуэ Кушыку, Азджэрий, Азджэриикъуэ, Ажджэрий, Ажджэриикъуэ, Алджэрий, Алджэриикъуэ Russian: Ажгиреев, Адилгиреев, Ажгирей, Аджигиреев, Ажджериюко
  2. ^ Recorded in Kabardian dialect: (Kabardian: Си нэм къилъагъужахэм Кушыкупщыр я нэхъ лӏыфӏщ, лIыуэ шыбг итIысхьахэм Алэр я нэхъ ябгэщ)

References

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  1. ^ Гожба, Руслан. "Кавказская война и исход горцев". apsnyteka.org. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  2. ^ admin (2023-04-02). "Bir Kuşukupş, Üç Hikaye". Махуэрытх / Günlük (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  3. ^ "General Zass'ın Kızının Adigeler Tarafından Kaçırılışı. – ÇERKES-FED" (in Turkish). 2020-04-17. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  4. ^ a b "Milletin Özgürlüğü İçin Canla Başla Mücadele Ettiler!". cherkessia.net (in Turkish). 2021-05-24. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  5. ^ "Наши имена. Часть I. Мужские имена". Адыгэ Хэку (in Russian). 2005-07-14. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  6. ^ a b c БОЛЬШАЯ ОБЩАЯ СХЕМА ГЕНЕАЛОГИИ КАБАРДИНСКИХ КНЯЗЕЙ ОТ ИНАЛА (ВСЕ ВЕТВИ) ДО XVIIIВ. ВКЛЮЧИТЕЛЬНО [The General Genealogy Scheme of the Kabardian Princes from Inal (All Branches) up to and Including the 18th Century] (PDF) (in Russian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-11-30.
  7. ^ a b c "ЛИЧНОСТЬ МАГОМЕТ АШ АТАЖУКИНА В КОНТЕКСТЕ УЧАСТИЯ ХАДЖРЕТСКОЙ КАБАРДЫ В КАВКАЗСКОЙ ВОЙНЕ". Черкесы - circassian (адыги) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2025-03-03. Retrieved 2025-03-03.
  8. ^ a b c d e f "КУШУК АЖДЖЕРИ » Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов)". Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
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  10. ^ a b Gazetesi, Jineps (2024-05-22). "Къарэмырзэ Алий и къуажэм теухуауэ иджыри зы тхылъ". Jineps Gazetesi (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2024-11-28. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
  11. ^ a b c "Ажджэрий и къуэ Кушыкупщ | Электронная газета "Адыгэ псалъэ"". apkbr.ru. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  12. ^ a b c "General Zass'ın Kızının Adigeler Tarafından Kaçırılışı. – ÇERKES-FED" (in Turkish). 2020-04-17. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  13. ^ a b "LABE'LiLERiN AĞITI". Gerçek sizi özgür kılar! ⚜️ The truth will set you free! (in Turkish). 2023-03-02. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  14. ^ "'Magamet Aşe'nin Şehit Olduğu Yeri Bilmiyorsan Çerkes Değilsin!': DİASPORANIN HAFIZASINDA RUS-KAFKAS SAVAŞLARI – ÇERKES-FED" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  15. ^ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО УСТРОЙСТВА НАРОДОВ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО И ЗАПАДНОГО КАВКАЗА В ИСТОЧНИКАХ (1732–1892 гг.) (PDF) (in Russian). p. 26.
  16. ^ a b "Çetao İbrahim | KAHRAMANLARIMIZI TANIYALIM - ALECERİYEKO KUŞUK". Cherkessia.net (in Turkish). 2014-05-03. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  17. ^ a b "ГЪУАЗЭМ И ЗЭФIЭКIЫР | Электронная газета "Кабардино-Балкария"". elgkbr.ru. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  18. ^ a b Пащтыхь зауэжьыр зэриухрэ 150-рэ щрикъум ирихьэлIэу (PDF) (in Russian). p. 236-95-230.
  19. ^ "Çetao İbrahim | KAHRAMANLARIMIZI TANIYALIM (2) - HIRTSIJIKO ALE". Cherkessia.net (in Turkish). 2014-05-03. Archived from the original on 2024-07-05. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  20. ^ a b "Ещё раз о предателях своего народа. » Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов)". Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-11-27. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
  21. ^ a b "«Лабэжьу тхьэр зыдэбгам лъы бахъаер къызэрыдох…»". Адыгэ Хэку (in Kabardian). 2019-05-20. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  22. ^ a b "Дуэль черкеского князя Кушука Ажгирея и первостепенного дворянина Эдига Астемира » Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов)". Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  23. ^ a b admin (2023-04-01). "Labe'de Yaşayanların Ağıdı". Махуэрытх / Günlük (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  24. ^ a b admin (2023-04-02). "Jabağı gibi bilgeliğe, (Ajgeriy) Kuşıkupş gibi cesarete sahip gençlerdir geleceğimizi kurtaracak olan..." Махуэрытх / Günlük (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  25. ^ "Лабэдэсхэм я гуауэ | Электронная газета "Адыгэ псалъэ"". apkbr.ru. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  26. ^ "Ажгериев (Ажджерий) Кучук (Кушук » Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов)". Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  27. ^ Кабарда: история и фамилии (in Russian). 2007. pp. 255–257. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2024.
  28. ^ "Выбор души. История дочери Засса c дополнениями (Казбек Сиюхов) / Проза.ру". proza.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  29. ^ Алоев, Тимур Хазраилович. ХАТОКШОКО МАГОМЕТ АША: ВСТУПАЯ НА ПУТЬ ЛЕГЕНДЫ (in Russian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-12-03.
  30. ^ Дыгъужь, Фуӏэд (1998). "ХьэтIохъущокъуэ Мыхьэмэт". Ӏуащхьэмахуэ (5).
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