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Adrian Damman

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Adrian or Adriaan Damman of Bysterveldt (died 1605) a native of Ghent, was a diplomatic agent of the Dutch Republic in Scotland in the 1590s.[1][2] Damman was an author, and taught at the University of Edinburgh.[3][4] He was knighted at the baptism of Prince Robert in May 1602.[5]

Early career

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Adrian Damman provided the forewords and catalogue for costume books illustrated by Abraham de Bruyn

He may be the subject of a portrait engraving of "Hadrianus Damman" dated 1578 attributed to Jacob de Gheyn II or Claes Jansz. Visscher,[6] and in 1576, 1577, and 1578 he provided forewords for three costume books illustrated with woodcuts by Abraham de Bruyn.[7]

Adrian Damman wrote a letter from "Bassevelde" on 2 May 1583 describing the activities and extortions of a Captain Yorck at Zaamslag and mentioning John Norris.[8]

Diplomacy and community in Scotland

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An account of royal expenses made around November 1588 includes a payment of £266 Scots to "Adriane Dammane and some workmen Flemings".[9] Damman wrote a poem De Introitu describing the royal entry and coronation of Anne of Denmark in June 1590,[10] and corresponded with Justus Lipsius. Lipsius was rector of Leiden University where Damman had lectured on Aristotle's Politics.[11]

In May 1591 (or 1592) a German aristocrat Johann Peter Hainzel von Degerstein and his tutor Casper Waser came to Scotland during a tour. They met Thomas Seggate or Seget (a former student of Lipsius) and Damman at Edinburgh University, and Waser wrote to Damman from Ayr a few weeks later mentioning Damman's work on a translation of Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas's Creation. Damman published the translation in 1600 and included the letter.[12][13]

In June 1592, the Parliament of Scotland created a new office, the Master of Metals to be in charge of mines and refining, and John Lindsay of Menmuir was appointed. Pressure was exerted on a prospector, Eustachius Roche, to resign his rights. Information damaging his reputation was collected from the Dutch Republic and Flanders by the means of the Adrian Damman and a Scottish merchant in Antwerp, Jacob Barron (who was involved in lead mining in Scotland, and it was said that Eustachius was of "evil fame".[14]

Baptism of Prince Henry

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Damman described James VI urging the people of Edinburgh to fight against the Earl of Bothwell in April 1594 in a letter to Johan van Oldenbarnevelt.[15] His position as resident agent in Scotland was confirmed by the ambassadors William Keith of Delny and William Murray of Pitcarleis on 19 June 1594.[16][17]

In August 1594, Damman met the Dutch ambassadors Walraven III van Brederode and Jacob Valcke. They asked for him to be included in their commission and negotiations and he went with them to Stirling for the baptism of Prince Henry. On the day after the ceremony, the ambassadors sent "Agent Damman" to James VI to ask for permission to leave.[18]

The Lord Chancellor of Scotland, John Maitland died on 3 October 1595. James VI composed an epitaph and Damman translated it into Latin.[19][20]

Damman was godfather or a baptismal witness in 1596 to a son of Adrian Vanson, a Flemish portrait painter working in Edinburgh, and a daughter of Jacques de Bousie a confectioner,[21] and in October 1600 a witness to the baptism of Adrian, a son of a Flemish clockmaker in Edinburgh Adrian Bowdowingis.[22]

Religious riots and witch trials

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Damman mentioned James's financial committee, the Octavians, in a letter to Oldenbarnevelt in March 1596.[23] He went to the Low Countries on business connected with the exiled Earl of Erroll, and was not Edinburgh in December 1596 during a protest at the tolbooth about religious and political issues.[24] After his return to Scotland on 19 February 1597, he wrote reports for the States General about the events and David Black, who had called the royal court the "devil's house", the Edinburgh women who shouted the name "Haman" at the King, and about subsequent occurrences, apparently partly based on "official" versions supplied by James VI. The King imprisoned the laird of Buccleuch in Edinburgh Castle to please Elizabeth I which made people "rumble in their teeth" (grondée entre les dents) and caused bad feelings against England. Meanwhile, King James was involved in a witch hunt in Aberdeen and Dundee, and was nearly drowned in a ferry boat in a storm conjured on the Tay in May. Damman wrote that James's ship was safely towed to shore by several row boats, "il passoit en une navire tirée de plusiers esquifs à la rame".[25] The English ambassador Robert Bowes included similar details in his reports.[26]

Succession tract

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In February 1598, Damman became involved in controversy when he contributed to a succession tract, a pamphlet arguing that James VI of Scotland should become King of England. The English diplomat George Nicholson reported that David Foulis had directed the printer Robert Waldegrave to publish a Latin succession tract written by Walter Quinn, a tutor to Prince Henry and corrected and edited by Damman. Such works argued that James VI should be Elizabeth's successor. Waldegrave was reluctant to print it. No copies of this work are known to have survived.[27] This work was A Pithie Exhortation to her Majesty for Establishing a Successor to the Crown, printed by Waldegrave in 1598.[28]

Gowrie House

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At the end of July 1600, Colonel William Edmondes, a Scottish soldier in the service of the States General,[29] arrived at Leith with a warship of the States, hoping to take on board a force of Scottish soldiers, and he and Damman brought letters from the ship to James VI. According to the English resident agent George Nicholson, James prevaricated, neither a friend to the States or inclined to show himself an enemy to Spain. Edmondes also conveyed a message of goodwill from the States to Prince Henry.[30]

On 11 August 1600, Adrian Damman wrote an account of the Gowrie House affair, which resembles in part the narrative found in the letters of George Nicholson, with some interesting variations. Damman says that King James was friends with Alexander Ruthven and called him "Billy" like a brother.[31]

Damman mentions the narrow turnpike stair accessing the private apartments at the top of the house as a particular feature of Scottish domestic architecture, possibly unfamiliar to his readers. Alexander Ruthven tried to tie the king's hands with his garter (jarretière), a detail mentioned in a letter of Thomas Hamilton.[32] Damman wrote that Anne was distraught and welcomed James' late return to Falkland on 5 August with a page carrying a flaming torch. The Ruthven sisters were chased from her the household.[33]

The Dutch warship gave James a cannon salute on his return to Leith and Edinburgh. James, it seems, was pleased to see Colonel Edmonds again after more than two decades, and Prince Henry sent his thanks to the States General with David Murray in one of his earliest letters.[34]

Family

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After his wife Anna Tayaris died at their house in the Canongate in July 1600, Adrian Damman married Margaret Stewart (died 1610) in Edinburgh in May 1601. Tayaris was the mother of Sara Damman.[35]

A son, Theophilus Damman, died at the siege of Hulst in 1596.[36][37] Theophilus had married Maria van Swieten, a member of the nobility of Holland.[38]

Damman visited London at the time of the Union of the Crowns, adding his autograph to the collection of Emanuel van Meteren on 7 May 1603. His son-in-law and a niece died of plague at this time.[39]

In January 1604, his daughter Sara Damman (died 1611) married Jacques de Labarge, a Flemish merchant based in Edinburgh and Leith as an "indweller".[40] Records of baptisms in Edinburgh and Leith reveal a network of immigrant artisans. Jacques de Labarge was a witnesss at the baptism of a son of Adrian Bowdowingis the clockmaker, at the christening of Jacob in October 1601. He was also a witness to the baptism of a son of Henry Stollins, a passementerie weaver in March, the other witness was Jacques de Bousie a sugarman who worked for Anne of Denmark.[41]

Adrian Damman died on 21 August 1605 in Edinburgh's Canongate. Margaret Stewart was his executor. His three younger children, Adrian, Frederick, and Sophia died within four years of his death. Adrian junior was a posthumous child. Damman had owned "papers, brods, and cairts" - papers, pictures and charts. Sophia was recorded as the owner of her father's golden chain and its pendant gold tablet (a locket or medallion) together worth £144 Scots, perhaps a gift from James VI. The item was in the keeping of her mother Margaret Stewart, who had remarried to Robert Hamilton, a brother of James Hamilton of Stanehouse (Stonehouse).[42]

The will or executry mentions that the children received a pension from the estates of Holland because of their father's honourable service. Margaret Stewart received a pension from 1609.[43] When Margaret Stewart died in October 1610, she owned four gold chains, a gold bracelet, and three luxurious pearl embroidered veils or "schadows", together worth £500 Scots. She had an infant son William Hamilton, and owed her son-in-law, the merchant Jacques de Labarge, £300.[44]

Works

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Published works of Adrian Damman include:[45]

  • Schediasmata Hadr. Damanis a Bisterveld gandavensis (Edinburgh, Robert Waldegrave, 1590), a description of the voyages of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark and their wedding.
  • Bartasias; de mundi creatione (Edinburgh, Robert Waldegrave, 1600), a translation of works by Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas, a poet admired by James VI. Damman included a letter from Casper Waser and a dedicatory verse by Anne of Denmark's minister Johannes Sering.

Diplomatic reports include:

References

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  1. ^ Katrien A. L. Daemen-de Gelder, "The Letters of Adriaan Damman, Dutch Ambassador at the Court of James VI and I", Lias, 31 (2004), pp. 239–248.
  2. ^ Esther Mijers, 'Diplomatic Visit', Steven J. Reid, Rethinking the Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland (Boydell, 2024), 266: Esther Mijers, "Addicted to Puritanism: Philosophical and Theological Relations between Scotland and the United Provinces in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century", in A. Broadie, History of Universities, XXIX, Number 2 (2016), pp. 69-95.
  3. ^ James Maidment, Letters and State Papers during the Reign of James the Sixth (Edinburgh, 1838), p. 23.
  4. ^ Jacques Alexandre de Chalmot, Biographisch woordenboek der Nederlanden, vol. 5 (Amsterdam, 1800), pp. 206-8.
  5. ^ John Duncan Mackie, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 13:1 (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1969), pp. lxv, 977.
  6. ^ I. Q. van Regteren Altena, Jacques de Gheyn, three generations, 1 (Boston, 1983), pp. 10–11, 23.
  7. ^ Ulrike Ilg, The Cultural Significance of Costume Books in Sixteenth-Century Europe, Catherine Richardson, Clothing Culture, 1350–1650 (Ashgate, 2004), pp. 32-33 fn. 5: Omnium poene gentium imagines ... (Caspar Rutz: Cologne, 1577); Imperii ac Sacerdotii Ornatus ... (Cologne, 1578); Divesarum Gentium Armatura Equestris ... (Cologne, 1576).
  8. ^ Frans de Potter, Petit cartulaire de Gand (Gand, 1885), pp. 90–91.
  9. ^ Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, "James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts", Miscellany of the Scottish History Society, XVI (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2020), p. 21.
  10. ^ Jamie Reid Baxter, 'Politics, Passion and Poetry in the Circle of Lennox: John Burel and his surviving works', L. A. J. R. Houwen, Alasdair A. MacDonald, Sally Mapstone, A Palace in the Wild: Essays on Vernacular Culture and Humanism in Late-medieval and Renaissance Scotland (Peeters, 2000), pp. 227. 232.
  11. ^ Pieter Burman, Sylloges epistolarum: a viris illustribus scriptarum, 1 (Leiden, 1727), p. 453.
  12. ^ James K. Cameron, "British Itinerary by Casper Waser", Zwingliana, 15 (1980), pp. 266–267, 282.
  13. ^ Peter Auger, Du Bartas' Legacy in England and Scotland (Oxford, 2019), p. 63: T. C. Smout, Scotland and Europe, 1200–1850 (Edinburgh: John Donald, 1986), p. 49.
  14. ^ Robert William Cochran-Patrick, Early Records Relating to Mining in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 48-50.
  15. ^ Geeraert Brandt, The History of the Reformation, and Other Ecclesiastical Transactions, 1 (London: Timothy Childe, 1720), pp. 455–456: Alexander Courtney, James VI, Britannic Prince: King of Scots and Elizabeth's Heir, 1566–1603 (Routledge, 2024), p. 147.
  16. ^ Register van Holland, 1593–1594, p. 397.
  17. ^ Esther Mijers, 'Diplomatic Visit', Steven J. Reid, Rethinking the Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland (Boydell, 2024), p. 265: Annie Cameron, Warrender Papers, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1932), pp. 242-5.
  18. ^ James Ferguson, Papers illustrating the history of the Scots brigade, vol. 1 (Edinburgh: SHS, 1899), pp. 155, 160, 165: Register van Holland, 1593–1594 (not dated), pp. 674, 679, 685: Esther Mijers, "Diplomatic Visit", Steven J. Reid, Rethinking the Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland (Boydell, 2024), pp. 268, 270.
  19. ^ Thomas Thomson,Historie and Life of James the Sext (Edinburgh, 1826), p. 350-1
  20. ^ Pieter Christiaanszoon Bor, Oorsprongk, begin, en vervolgh der Nederlandsche oorlogen, beroerten, en borgerlyke oneenigheden (Amsterdam, 1679), p. 138.
  21. ^ 'Extracts from the Register of Baptisms', Edinburgh', The Scottish Antiquary, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1888), p. 174: Michael Apted & Susan Hannabuss, Dictionary of Painters in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1978), p. 98, citing National Records of Scotland, Old Parish Records, Edinburgh, vol. 1, fols. 9, 32, 59, 101.
  22. ^ 'Extracts from the Register of Baptisms, Edinburgh', The Scottish Antiquary, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1891), p. 90.
  23. ^ Pieter Christiaanszoon Bor, Oorsprongk, begin, en vervolgh der Nederlandsche oorlogen, beroerten, en borgerlyke oneenigheden (Amsterdam, 1679), pp. 190–191, letter of 29 March 1596 in Dutch.
  24. ^ Alexander Courtney, James VI, Britannic Prince: King of Scots and Elizabeth's Heir, 1566–1603 (Routledge, 2024), pp. 168-176: Julian Goodare, "The Attempted Scottish Coup of 1596", Julian Goodare & Alasdair A. MacDonald, Sixteenth-Century Scotland (Brill, 2008), pp. 311-336.
  25. ^ Thomas McCrie, The Life of Andrew Melville, 2, p. 86: Jacobus Arminius, Praestantium ac eruditorum virorum epistolae ecclesiasticae et theologicae (Amsterdam, 1704), pp. 35-38, in French.
  26. ^ James Duncan Mackie, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 13:1 (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1969).
  27. ^ John Duncan Mackie, Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1597–1603, 13:1 (Edinburgh, 1969), p. 167: Nicholas Tyacke, 'Puritan Politicians and King James VI and I', Thomas Cogswell, Richard Cust, Peter Lake, Politics, Religion and Popularity in Early Stuart Britain: Essays in Honour of Conrad Russell (Cambridge, 2002), p. 35.
  28. ^ Tara L. Lyons, 'Male Birth Fantasies and Maternal Monarchs', in Helen Ostovich, Holger Schott Syme, Andrew Griffin, Locating the Queen's Men, 1583–1603 (Ashgate, 2009), pp. 196, 259.
  29. ^ Anna E. C. Simoni, "John Wodroephe's Spared Houres", Studies in Seventeenth-century English Literature, History and Bibliography (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1984), p. 224.
  30. ^ John Duncan Mackie, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 13:2 (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1969), p. 673 no. 529.
  31. ^ Georg Willem Vreede, Inleiding tot eene Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche Diplomatie, 2 (Utrecht: Broese, 1858), p. 182.
  32. ^ John Duncan Mackie, Calendar State Papers Scotland, 13:2 (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1969), p. 668 no. 540.
  33. ^ Georg Willem Vreede, Inleiding tot eene Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche Diplomatie, 2 (Utrecht: Broese, 1858), pp. 182–185, in French, from a Utrecht archive.
  34. ^ James Ferguson, Scots Brigade, 1 (Edinburgh: STS, 1899), p. 181: Thomas Birch, Life of Prince Henry (London, 1760), pp. 20–21.
  35. ^ Canongate marriages: Commissariot of Edinburgh, 2 (Edinburgh: SRS, 1898), p. 395: NRS will of Anna Tayaris, CC/8/8/43 p. 283.
  36. ^ Peter Auger, Du Bartas' Legacy in England and Scotland (Oxford, 2019), p. 65.
  37. ^ Pieter Christiaanszoon Bor, Oorsprongk, begin, en vervolgh der Nederlandsche oorlogen, beroerten, en borgerlyke oneenigheden (Amsterdam, 1679), p. 216.
  38. ^ H. K. F. van Nierop, The Nobility of Holland: From Knights to Regents, 1500–1650 (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 70–71.
  39. ^ Ole Peter Grell, Calvinist exiles in Tudor and Stuart England (Scolar Press, 1996), pp. 207–208: J. H. Hessells, Epistulae et tractatus: cum Reformationis tum Ecclesiae Londino-Batavae (Cambridge, 1897), p. 1157 no. 1640.
  40. ^ David Dobson, Huguenot and Scots Links, 1575–1775 (Baltimore, 2005), p. 23: National Records of Scotland, wills and testaments, CC8/8/52 pp. 15–16: NRS JC26/4/2 and RH9/5/26.
  41. ^ 'Extracts from the Register of Baptisms, Edinburgh', The Scottish Antiquary, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1891), p. 90.
  42. ^ National Records of Scotland wills and testaments, CC8/8/46 pp. 61–62, 269–270: Adrian junior died on 13 April 1608; Sophia on 16 August 1608; and Frederick on 20 October 1609.
  43. ^ James Ferguson, Scots Brigade, 1 (Edinburgh: SHS, 1899), p. 148.
  44. ^ National Records of Scotland wills and testaments, CC8/8/46 pp. 61–62, 269–270; CC9/7/7 pp. 18–19.
  45. ^ Peter Auger, 'Translation and Cultural Convergence', Tracey A. Sowerby & Joanna Craigwood, Cultures of Diplomacy and Literary Writing in the Early Modern World (Oxford, 2019), p. 125.
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