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Template:Syrian civil war infobox

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Syrian civil war
Part of the Syrian Revolution, First Arab Spring, Arab Winter, Second Arab Spring, 2013–2017 War in Iraq, war against the Islamic State, war on terror, Kurdish–Turkish and Arab–Israeli conflicts, and the Iran–Turkey, Iran–Israel, Iran–Saudi Arabia, Qatar–Saudi Arabia and Russia–United States proxy wars

Military situation as of 9 May 2025 at 21:00 AST

Syrian transitional government:

  Syrian Armed Forces[a]



  Suwayda Druze factions[8]
Foreign Occupations:
  Israeli occupation and invasion[d]
  Russian occupation[e] and Assadist insurgents[12][13][14]
(full list of factions, detailed map)
DateMarch 2011 (2011-03)[f] – present[g]
(14 years and 2 months)
Location
Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries, particularly Iraq and Lebanon)
Status Ongoing
Belligerents
Full list of factions
Casualties and losses
Total deaths
656,493+[27][28]
Civilian deaths
219,223–306,887+[h][31][32]
Displaced people

References

  1. ^ Including ex-Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham & ex-Free Syrian Army
  2. ^
      The Syrian Free Army and the United States operate the Al-Tanf Deconfliction Zone.[1]
  3. ^ Includes former Syrian National Army factions.[3] Although the SNA as a coalition was disbanded at the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference,[4] its affiliated armed groups still fighting with the SDF. The Syrian Ministry of Defense is integrating forces that were previously part of the Syrian Interim Government.[5][6]
  4. ^ Israel occupied the Golan Heights after 1967, but this is not recognized by the United Nations or any member states except Israel and the United States. Israel launched a new invasion of Syria on 8 December during the Fall of Damascus, taking advantage the power vacuum created by the fall of the Assad regime to increase the amount of territory it controlled by several hundred square miles.[9][10][11]
  5. ^ Russia retains control of its Tartus naval base and Khmeimim Air Base
  6. ^ Large-scale demonstrations in Syria began in March 2011 and were subsequently suppressed by force by the Assad regime[15], it eventually led to an all-out civil war.[16][17] In July 2011, defectors from Assad’s regime formed an organized militia called the Free Syrian Army to protect protesters and strike back at Assad[16]. The International Committee of the Red Cross said the violence in Syria had become so widespread that it was in a state of civil war in July 2012[18].
  7. ^ With the Ba'athist regime prevailing, the hostilities were mostly put on hold between 6 March 2020 and 27 November 2024, when the Syrian opposition launched a campaign of quick successful military offensives in Northwestern Syria, toppling the Assad regime on 8 December. Further fate of the ongoing conflict remains uncertain.[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]
  8. ^ According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and Syrian Network for Human Rights, 88–91% of these deaths were caused by the Assad regime and its allies.[29][30]
  1. ^ "Iran Update > Syria". The Institute for the study of War. 4 February 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2025. US-backed Free Syrian Army (FSA) Commander Salem Antari, who controls US-backed "Free Syrian Army" forces in the al Tanf zone, stated on February 3 that the FSA is negotiating with the interim government to integrate into the interim Defense Ministry. Antari added that the FSA is prepared to assume any duties assigned to it by the new Defense Ministry.
  2. ^ "Türkiye says all Syrian armed groups must join state army". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
  3. ^ "Forging a united front: The challenges of building Syria's new army". The New Arab. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
  4. ^ "Syrian Leader Ahmed Al-Sharaa Delivers 'Victory Speech,' Outlines Syria's Future Roadmap, Announces Dissolution Of Ba'ath Party, Armed Factions Into New 'Syrian Army'; Military Operations Command Declares Al-Sharaa President Of Syria During Transitional Phase". MEMRI. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
  5. ^ "Syrian Interim Government (SIG) Prime Minister Congratulates President Ahmed Al-Sharaa, Puts SIG Resources At His Government's Disposal". MEMRI. Retrieved 2025-02-04.
  6. ^ "Mustafa Places Interim Government at the Disposal of the Syrian State". Syrian Observer. 2025-02-05.
  7. ^ "Syria merges Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces into state institutions". Al Jazeera English. 10 March 2025. Retrieved 10 March 2025.
  8. ^ Kelly Campa; Andie Parry. "Iran Update, May 2, 2025". Institute for the Study of War.
  9. ^ González, Ricard (31 December 2024). "On the Syrian border with Israel: 'The troops threatened to do the same thing to us as in Gaza'". EL PAÍS English. Israel took advantage of the fall of Bashar al-Assad's regime to extend its occupation of the Golan Heights — Syrian territory partly taken by Israel in 1967 — by several hundred square miles.
  10. ^ "Golan Heights: Trump signs order recognising occupied area as Israeli". BBC News. 25 March 2019.
  11. ^ "The Golan Heights: What's at Stake With Trump's Recognition". www.cfr.org. Council on Foreign Relations. 28 March 2019.
  12. ^ "Hundreds killed as Syria security forces battle al-Assad loyalists". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference 10March2025 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Evrensel, Kouachi, Rasa, Ikram (8 March 2025). "Intense clashes erupt in Syria's Latakia after Assad loyalists attack hospitals". Anadolu Ajansi.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ "In Syria, Crackdown After Protests". The New York Times. 18 March 2011.
  16. ^ a b "The war in Syria, explained". Vox. 8 April 2017.
  17. ^ Fahim, Kareem; Saad, Hwaida (8 February 2013). "A Faceless Teenage Refugee Who Helped Ignite Syria's War". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 27 January 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  18. ^ "What's happening in Syria?". BBC. 16 October 2019.
  19. ^ "Syrian Civil War Enters 10th Year". Voice of America. RFE/RL. 2020-03-15. Archived from the original on Apr 3, 2024.
  20. ^ "Syria: Grim 10-year anniversary of 'unimaginable violence and indignities'". UN News. 2021-03-15. Archived from the original on Mar 13, 2024.
  21. ^ Sherlock, Ruth; Neuman, Scott; Homsi, Nada (March 15, 2021). "Syria's Civil War Started A Decade Ago. Here's Where It Stands". NPR. Archived from the original on Apr 18, 2024.
  22. ^ Ozcan, Ethem Emre (March 14, 2021). "10 years since start of Syrian civil war". Anadolu Ajansı. Archived from the original on Nov 26, 2023.
  23. ^ Romey, Kristin (March 9, 2022). "11 years into Syria's civil war, this is what everyday life looks like". National Geographic. Photographs by Keo, William. Archived from the original on 9 Mar 2022.
  24. ^ "Twelve years on from the beginning of Syria's war". Al Jazeera. 15 Mar 2023. Archived from the original on Jul 3, 2024.
  25. ^ Nawaz, Amna; Warsi, Zeba; Cebrián Aranda, Teresa (2023-03-15). "Syrians mark 12 years of civil war with no end in sight". PBS News. Archived from the original on Jun 20, 2024.
  26. ^ "Why has the Syrian war lasted 12 years?". BBC News. 2016-03-15. Archived from the original on Jul 4, 2024.
  27. ^ "14th anniversary of Syrian Revolution | Nearly 657,000 persons killed since the onset of the revolution in March 2011". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 20 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
  28. ^ "Syria". GCR2P. 1 December 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023.
  29. ^ "Syrian Revolution 13 years on | Nearly 618,000 persons killed since the onset of the revolution in March 2011". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  30. ^ "Assad, Iran, Russia committed 91% of civilian killings in Syria". Middle East Monitor. 20 June 2022. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023.
  31. ^ "UN Human Rights Office estimates more than 306,000 civilians were killed over 10 years in Syria conflict". United Nations. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  32. ^ "Civilian Deaths in the Syrian Arab Republic: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights". United Nations. 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Over the past ten years, civilians have borne the brunt of the conflict, with an estimated 306,887 direct civilian deaths occurring.
  33. ^ "Syria emergency". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

Bibliography

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