Mohamed Saïl
Mohamed Saïl | |
|---|---|
Muḥend Sail | |
.jpg) Mohamed Saïl in Spain (1936) | |
| Born | Mohand Amezian ben Ameziane Saïl 14 October 1894 Taourirt, French Algeria |
| Died | 27 April 1953 (aged 58) Bobigny, France |
| Resting place | Bobigny cemetery |
| Nationality | French |
| Other names | "A Kabyle anarchist" |
| Occupation(s) | Writer Revolutionary Activist |
| Years active | 1911-1953 |
| Organization(s) | Union Anarchiste Committee for the Defence of Indigenous Algerians Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire Durruti Column |
| Known for | Revolutionary activism |
| Notable work | The Calvary of the Algerian Natives (1924) The Centenary of the Conquest of Algeria (1929) The Kabyle Mentality (1951) The Strange Stranger: Writings of a Kabyle Anarchist (2022) |
| Movement | Anarchism |
| Criminal charge(s) | Possession of weapons Distribution of anti-war leaflets |
| Partner | Madeleine Sagot (19??–1953) |
Mohamed Saïl (full name Mohand Amezian ben Ameziane Saïl; born 14 October 1894) was an Algerian-French anarcho-syndicalist revolutionary.[1] As a child, Mohamed was one of the few who were able to attend primary school for a short period, but he managed to become self-taught.[2] He spent the first half of the 1920s as an anti-militarist activist (he rebelled and refused to enlist in the French army during the First World War 1914–1918). He worked in his life as a driver mechanic and then a pottery repairer. He was also a writer and volunteer in the International Group of the Durruti Column during the Spanish Civil War.[3] He died on 27 April 1953 in Bobigny (Seine).[1]
The French writer Jacques Prévert dedicated a poem to him. [4]
Life
[edit]Early life
[edit]In 1894, Sail Mohamed was born in the Berber region of Kabylie, French Algeria in the village of Taourirt in the commune of Souk Oufella in the province of Béjaia.[1] He received little education during his youth and became a driver-mechanic, until he served in the French Colonial Forces. He was arrested for insubordination and desertion during the First World War. He then moved to France, where he was an activist in the recently rebuilt Union Anarchiste (UA) and the Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire (CGT-SR) and with his friend Sliman Kiouane was founder (in 1923) of the Committee for the Defence of Indigenous Algerians, one of the first national liberation movements in French North Africa. Through these organizations, he denounced "the poverty of the colonialized people and colonial exploitation" and the ongoing instability in North Africa. In 1929, Sail Mohamed became the secretary of the Defence Committee of Algerians against the Centenary Provocation, an anarchist movement formed in protest to the upcoming French centenary of the conquest of Algeria (5 July 1830).[5]
Social Awakening
[edit]In 1932, Sail became director of L'Eveil Social (Social Awakening) where he published anti-militarist articles and was subsequently prosecuted by the French authorities for "provocation of the military to disobedience". Sail Mohamed was also a passionate anti-Stalinist, and, following his arrest in 1932, he rejected support from Red Aid, a front organisation of the French Communist Party. In 1934, the "Sail Mohamed Affair" occurred. Sail Mohamed was arrested and jailed for 4 months following an incident where he was found collecting and hiding arms for workers' movements that had risen up as a result of a fascist and anti-Semitic demonstration that occurred on 6 February 1934 in France. Sail's organization, Social Awakening, merged with the anarchist Terre Libre group soon after his release.[5]
Later life and death
[edit]In 1936, he served in the Sébastien Faure Century, the French-speaking section of the Durruti Column, an anarchist anti-Francoist militia in Spain. In October 1936, he became the general delegate for foreign groups, replacing Bethomieu who died in Perdiguera. He was wounded in November and returned to France in December, after sending many letters describing the anarchist movement in Spain. As soon as he recovered, he took part in the conferences organised by the Union Anarchiste on the Spanish revolution. Additionally, he soon after participated in protests against the banning of the Etoile Nord Africaine edited by Messali Hadj in Tunisia. Sail Mohamed was arrested and jailed for "provocation of the military".[5]
At the beginning of WWII, Sail Mohamed was interned at a concentration camp in Riom. Sail would later escape by forging false papers and would spend the war underground, attempting to revive anarchist movements in occupied France. Sail Mohamed revived the Aulnay-sous-bois group and attempted to reform the Committee of Algerian Anarchists. Sail died in April 1953, with George Fontenis delivering address in Sail's honor.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Boulouque, Sylvain (2 March 2021). "Mohamed Saïl (1894-1953)". PARTAGE NOIR (in French). Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "22/03/2021 – Mohamed Saïl (1894-1953), l'anarchiste kabyle – Association de Culture Berbère Paris" (in French). Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ Carme, Émile (14 October 2016). "BALLAST • Mohamed Saïl, ni maître ni valet". BALLAST (in French). Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ "Mohamed Saïl". Aulnaycap (in French). Retrieved 28 November 2024.
- ^ a b c d Heath, Nick (19 September 2006). "Mohamed, Sail, 1894–1953". Organise!. Anarchist Federation. Retrieved 21 June 2025 – via Libcom.org.
Further reading
[edit]- Berry, David (2016). "Anarchists and anarchisms in France since 1945: introduction and sources". Modern & Contemporary France. 24 (2): 115–126. doi:10.1080/09639489.2016.1154307. ISSN 1469-9869.
- Brodie, Morris (2020). "Volunteers for Anarchy: The International Group of the Durruti Column in the Spanish Civil War". Journal of Contemporary History. 56 (1): 28–54. doi:10.1177/0022009420949926. ISSN 0022-0094.
- Drew, Allison (2014). "'This land is not for sale': Communists, nationalists and the popular front". We are no longer in France: Communists in Colonial Algeria. Manchester University Press. doi:10.7765/9781847799210.00013. ISBN 9781847799210.
- Galián, Laura (25 July 2020). Colonialism, Transnationalism, and Anarchism in the South of the Mediterranean. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-45448-7.
- Graham, Robert (2009). "Mohamed Saïl: The Kabyle Mind-Set (1951)". Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas. Vol. 2. Black Rose Books. pp. 157–160. ISBN 978-1-55164-311-3.
- Laursen, Ole Birk (2019). "Anti-imperialism". The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 149–167. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_8. ISBN 978-3-319-75619-6.
- Mugnai, Bruno (2019). Foreign volunteers and International Brigades in the Spanish civil war (1936-39). Soldiershop. ISBN 9788893274524.
- Porter, David (2011). Eyes to the South: French Anarchists & Algeria. AK Press. ISBN 978-1-84935-076-1.
- Porter, David (2020). "André Prudhommeaux, Algeria and National Liberation". Anarchist Studies. 29 (1): 39–56. doi:10.3898/AS.29.1.02 (inactive 6 July 2025). ISSN 0967-3393.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) - van der Walt, Lucien (2001). "Towards a History of Anarchist Anti-imperialism". Against War and Terrorism. Struggle.
- van der Walt, Lucien; Schmidt, Michael (2009). Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism. AK Press. ISBN 978-1-904859-16-1.
- Woller, Almut (2018). "Self-Mediation Practices of Arab Anarchists". In Richter, C.; Antonakis, A.; Harders, C. (eds.). Digital Media and the Politics of Transformation in the Arab World and Asia. Studies in International, Transnational and Global Communications. Springer VS. pp. 35–60. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-20700-7_3. ISBN 978-3-658-20700-7.
External links
[edit]- Audiofile (in German language)
- Biography thread at algeria.com
