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Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1

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Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Nidovirales
Family: Coronaviridae
Genus: Betacoronavirus
Subgenus: Sarbecovirus
Species:
Betacoronavirus pandemicum
Strain:
Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1
Synonyms
  • SARS-like coronavirus WIV1
  • Bat SL-CoV-WIV1

Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1), also sometimes called SARS-like coronavirus WIV1, is a strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) isolated from Chinese rufous horseshoe bats in 2013 (Rhinolophus sinicus).[1][2] Like all coronaviruses, virions consist of single-stranded positive-sense RNA enclosed within an envelope.[3]

WIV1 was named for the Wuhan Institute of Virology, where it was discovered by a researcher on Shi Zhengli's team.[4]

In 2018, Ralph S. Baric and Vincent Munster of Rocky Mountain Laboratories infected Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with WIV1.[5] By 2020, the Montana laboratory used Egyptian fruit bats as a model for DARPA PREEMPT self-spreading bat vaccines.[6] SARS-CoV-2 transmits efficiently in Egyptian fruit bats.[7]

Zoonosis

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The discovery confirms that bats are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV. Phylogenetic analysis shows the possibility of direct transmission of SARS from bats to humans without the intermediary Chinese civets, as previously believed.[8]

Phylogenetic

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A phylogenetic tree based on whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-1 and related coronaviruses is:

SARS‑CoV‑1 related coronavirus

Bat SARS CoV Rf1, 87.8% to SARS-CoV-1, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Yichang, Hubei[11]

BtCoV HKU3, 87.9% to SARS-CoV-1, Rhinolophus sinicus, Hong Kong and Guangdong[12]

LYRa11, 90.9% to SARS-CoV-1, Rhinolophus affinis, Baoshan, Yunnan[13]

Bat SARS-CoV/Rp3, 92.6% to SARS-CoV-1, Rhinolophus pearsoni, Nanning, Guangxi[11]

Bat SL-CoV YNLF_31C, 93.5% to SARS-CoV-1, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Lufeng, Yunnan[14]

Bat SL-CoV YNLF_34C, 93.5% to SARS-CoV-1, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Lufeng, Yunnan[14]

Civet SARS-CoV, 99.8% to SARS-CoV-1, Paguma larvata, market in Guangdong, China[12]

SARS-CoV-1

SARS-CoV-2, 79% to SARS-CoV-1[17]


See also

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References

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  1. ^ Xing-Yi Ge; Jia-Lu Li; Xing-Lou Yang; et al. (2013). "Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor". Nature. 503 (7477): 535–8. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..535G. doi:10.1038/nature12711. PMC 5389864. PMID 24172901.
  2. ^ "Taxonomy: Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  3. ^ Naik, Gautam (2013-10-30). "Study: Bat-to-Human Leap Likely for SARS-Like Virus - WSJ.com". Wall Street Journal. Online.wsj.com. Retrieved 2013-10-31.
  4. ^ Qiu, Jane. "Meet the scientist at the center of the covid lab leak controversy". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on 2022-02-14. Retrieved 2024-06-03.
  5. ^ Van Doremalen, N. (19 Dec 2018). "SARS-Like Coronavirus WIV1-CoV Does Not Replicate in Egyptian Fruit Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus)". Viruses. 10 (12): 727. doi:10.3390/v10120727. PMC 6316779. PMID 30572566.
  6. ^ Suryanarayanan (21 January 2021). "Colorado State University documents on bat pathogen research". usrtk.org. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  7. ^ Schlottau, K. (September 2020). "SARS-CoV-2 in fruit bats, ferrets, pigs, and chickens: an experimental transmission study". Lancet. 1 (5): e218 – e225. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30089-6. PMC 7340389. PMID 32838346.
  8. ^ Menachery, Vineet D.; Yount, Boyd L.; Sims, Amy C.; Debbink, Kari; Agnihothram, Sudhakar S.; Gralinski, Lisa E.; Graham, Rachel L.; Scobey, Trevor; Plante, Jessica A.; Royal, Scott R.; Swanstrom, Jesica; Sheahan, Timothy P.; Pickles, Raymond J.; Corti, Davide; Randell, Scott H.; Lanzavecchia, Antonio; Marasco, Wayne A.; Baric, Ralph S. (2016). "SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (11): 3048–3053. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.3048M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517719113. PMC 4801244. PMID 26976607.
  9. ^ Kim, Yongkwan; Son, Kidong; Kim, Young-Sik; Lee, Sook-Young; Jheong, Weonhwa; Oem, Jae-Ku (2019). "Complete genome analysis of a SARS-like bat coronavirus identified in the Republic of Korea". Virus Genes. 55 (4): 545–549. doi:10.1007/s11262-019-01668-w. PMC 7089380. PMID 31076983.
  10. ^ Xu, L; Zhang, F; Yang, W; Jiang, T; Lu, G; He, B; Li, X; Hu, T; Chen, G; Feng, Y; Zhang, Y; Fan, Q; Feng, J; Zhang, H; Tu, C (February 2016). "Detection and characterization of diverse alpha- and betacoronaviruses from bats in China". Virologica Sinica. 31 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1007/s12250-016-3727-3. PMC 7090707. PMID 26847648.
  11. ^ a b Li, W. (2005). "Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses". Science. 310 (5748): 676–679. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..676L. doi:10.1126/science.1118391. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16195424. S2CID 2971923.
  12. ^ a b Xing‐Yi Ge; Ben Hu; Zheng‐Li Shi (2015). "BAT CORONAVIRUSES". In Lin-Fa Wang; Christopher Cowled (eds.). Bats and Viruses: A New Frontier of Emerging Infectious Diseases (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 127–155. doi:10.1002/9781118818824.ch5.
  13. ^ He, Biao; Zhang, Yuzhen; Xu, Lin; Yang, Weihong; Yang, Fanli; Feng, Yun; et al. (2014). "Identification of diverse alphacoronaviruses and genomic characterization of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus from bats in China". J Virol. 88 (12): 7070–82. doi:10.1128/JVI.00631-14. PMC 4054348. PMID 24719429.
  14. ^ a b Lau, Susanna K. P.; Feng, Yun; Chen, Honglin; Luk, Hayes K. H.; Yang, Wei-Hong; Li, Kenneth S. M.; Zhang, Yu-Zhen; Huang, Yi; et al. (2015). "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus ORF8 Protein Is Acquired from SARS-Related Coronavirus from Greater Horseshoe Bats through Recombination". Journal of Virology. 89 (20): 10532–10547. doi:10.1128/JVI.01048-15. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 4580176. PMID 26269185.
  15. ^ a b Xing-Yi Ge; Jia-Lu Li; Xing-Lou Yang; et al. (2013). "Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor". Nature. 503 (7477): 535–8. Bibcode:2013Natur.503..535G. doi:10.1038/nature12711. PMC 5389864. PMID 24172901.
  16. ^ Yang, Xing-Lou; Hu, Ben; Wang, Bo; Wang, Mei-Niang; Zhang, Qian; Zhang, Wei; et al. (2016). "Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to the Direct Progenitor of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus". Journal of Virology. 90 (6): 3253–6. doi:10.1128/JVI.02582-15. PMC 4810638. PMID 26719272.
  17. ^ Ben, Hu; Hua, Guo; Peng, Zhou; Zheng-Li, Shi (2020). "Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 19 (3): 141–154. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7. PMC 7537588. PMID 33024307.


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