Plectrogenium
| Plectrogenium | |
|---|---|
| |
| P. nanum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Plectrogeniidae |
| Genus: | Plectrogenium C. H. Gilbert, 1905 |
| Type species | |
| Plectrogenium nanum Gilbert, 1905
| |
Plectrogenium, is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, the stinger flatheads in the family Plectrogeniidae. This genus is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Taxonomy
[edit]Plectrogenium was originally named as a monotypic genus in 1905 by the American ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert when he described what was then considered to be its only species,[1] Plectrogenium nanum, from Hawaii.[2] The genus name, Plectrogenium, is a compound of plectro, which means "spur", and genys, which means "cheek"or "chin", an allusion to the lines of robust spines along the sides of the head.[3]
Species
[edit]The currently recognized species in this genus are:[1]
- Plectrogenium barsukovi Mandritsa, 1992
- Plectrogenium capricornis Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021
- Plectrogenium kamoharai Uesaka, Yamakawa, Matsunuma & Endo, 2021
- Plectrogenium kanayamai Uesaka, Yamakawa, Matsunuma & Endo, 2021
- Plectrogenium longipinnis Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021
- Plectrogenium megalops Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021
- Plectrogenium nanum C. H. Gilbert, 1905
- Plectrogenium occidentalise Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021
- Plectrogenium rubricauda Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021
- Plectrogenium serratum Matsunuma, Uesaka, Yamakawa & Endo, 2021
Characteristics
[edit]Plectrogenium is characterised by having a laterally compressed body with a number of spines and ridges on the head. There are venom glands on the spines in the dorsal, anal and pelvic fins.[4] The dorsal fin typically has 12 spines and 71/2 soft rays, the dorsal fin is split into 2 fins with 2 spines in the anterior part of the second dorsal fin. There are between 22 and 25 rays in the pectoral fins and they have 30-35 vertical rows of ctenoid scales on the body. There are flattened spines on the suborbital ridge which resembles that of the Platycephalidae. The mouth is positioned ventrally.[5] They are small fishes with standard lengths of less than 10 cm (3.9 in)[6]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Plectrogenium is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans from Madagascar to Hawaii.[7] They are bathydemersal fishes which are found at depths greater than 250 m (820 ft).[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Plectrogeniidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Plectrogenium". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (7 December 2021). "Order PERCIFORMES: Suborder PLATYCEPHALOIDEI: Families BEMBRIDAE, PARABEMBRIDAE, PLATYCEPHALIDAE, HOPLICHTHYIDAE and PLECTROGENIIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (February 2022). "Family Plectrogeniidae - Stinger flatheads". FishBase. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ^ William N. Eschmeyer and John E. Randall (1975). "The Scorpaenid Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands Including New Species and New Records (Pisces:Scorpaenidae)". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Series 4. 40 (11): 265–334.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Plectrogenium". FishBase. February 2022 version.
- ^ Matsunuma, M.; Uesaka, K.; Yamakawa, T. & Hiromitsu Endo (2022). "Review of the Indo-Pacific scorpaenoid genus Plectrogenium Gilbert 1905 (Plectrogeniidae) with descriptions of eight new species". Ichthyological Research. 69 (3): 299–351. doi:10.1007/s10228-021-00844-z.