Lai people
Laimi | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| ~170,000 (as of 1991) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Languages | |
| Lai holh, Hakha holh (Central Kuki-Chin languages) | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity (majority), Buddhism (minority), others | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Chin people, Mizo people, Mara people, Bawm people, other Kuki-Chin groups | |
Estimated population from Lalthangliana (2001) |
The Lai people[a] (also referred to as the Pawi people in India)[1][b] primarily inhabit the southern part of the Chin Hills in Myanmar’s Chin State, particularly in the townships of Falam, Thantlang, and Hakha.[1] In India, they are also found in the Lawngtlai district of Mizoram, where they are governed by the Lai Autonomous District Council. Outside this region, they are scattered across Mizoram and parts of Manipur. Their languages—Lai holh and Hakha holh—are classified under Central Kuki-Chin languages.[3] The Lai peoples are predominantly Christian.[4]
Demography
[edit]The total population of the Lai people was estimated to be around 170,000 in 1991.[5] The term "Laimi" often refers specifically to Chin people living in Central Chin State, including Hakha, Thantlang, and Falam.[6]
Lai communities are also found outside Myanmar—in Mizoram (particularly Khuafo and Thlantlang/Tuichhak Pawih), the Chin Hills (Hakha Township, Thantlang Township, Webulah, Zokhua, Keiphaw, Falam Township), and parts of Bangladesh, where they are sometimes identified as Bawm people (Bawmzo, Bawmlai, Panghawi, Ramthar, and Sunthla).
Origins
[edit] |
The Lai of the Lai Autonomous District Council in Mizoram are a subgroup of the broader Lai population found in Myanmar and neighboring regions. They share common ancestry with several tribes of Northeast India. Oral tradition holds that the Lai once lived in China before migrating through the Tibetan mountains into the Chin Hills of Burma, from where some migrated into Mizoram in the early 18th century or earlier.
Some traditions claim the Lai are descendants of the Qin dynasty. British colonial records used the term "Shendoo" or "Shendu" to refer to groups like the Lakher (now known as the Mara), who are believed to be offshoots of the Lai. F. Chhawnmanga, a retired District Adult Education Officer in Mizoram, conducted interviews with Lakher chiefs who identified their lineage as stemming from Lai families in Hakha. For example, the chief Kilkhara of Saiha and Tawngliana of Serkawr traced their ancestry to the Hlawnchhing family.
Vumson, a historian, supported this connection, noting that the Mara and Lai share similar customs, languages, and clan names such as Hlawnchhing, Chinzah, Bawikhar, Khenglawt, and Thianhlun. Other groups such as the Bawm and the Tlanglau, living in western Mizoram and Bangladesh, also share linguistic and cultural similarities with the Lai.
Culture
[edit]Chin National Day
[edit]Chin National Day is celebrated annually on 20 February, commemorating the General Assembly of Chinland held in 1948.[7] The first Chin National Day was celebrated in Mindat in 1951 and attended by U Nu, Burma’s first Prime Minister.[8]
Celebrations include traditional dances such as Ruakhatlak, Khuang Cawi, Sarlamkai, Rallu lam, fashion shows, beauty pageants, and wrestling (Laipaih). The most notable Laipaih wrestler is Rung Lian Ceu from Chuncung village, now residing in the United States.[9]
Clothing
[edit]There are many distinct styles of traditional clothing among Chin subgroups, including Matupi, Hakha, Htantlang, Falam, Zophei, Zotung, and Mindat. Most traditional garments feature red and black, with accessories like necklaces, bracelets, and hairpins. These are worn on special occasions such as Chin National Day, the Tho (Chin New Year), Sundays, Christmas, and weddings.[10]
Greeting
[edit]Handshakes are the common form of greeting in Chin culture.
Sports
[edit]Popular sports among the Laimi include traditional Chin wrestling (Laipaih), football (soccer), and volleyball.
Tho (Chin New Year)
[edit]Tho is the Chin harvest and New Year festival, celebrated in October.
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills (2019), pp. 15–16.
- ^ Dun, Gazetteer of Manipur (1886), p. 32.
- ^ Thurgood, Graham (2016), "Sino-Tibetan: Genetic and Areal Subgroups", in Graham Thurgood; Randy J. LaPolla (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan Languages (2 ed.), Taylor & Francis, p. 22, ISBN 9781315399492
- ^ "Chin, Lai in Myanmar (Burma)". Joshua Project. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
- ^ Lalthangliana, B.: History and Culture of Mizo in India, Burma and Bangladesh, 2001. RTM Press. Aizawl. pp. 101–102.
- ^ ""We Are Like Forgotten People" | The Chin People of Burma: Unsafe in Burma, Unprotected in India". Human Rights Watch. 27 January 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- ^ "CHIN IDENTITY AND CHIN NATIONAL DAY – Chin Community in Norway". Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- ^ "How Came Our Chin National Day (February 20, 1948) ~ Khup Khan Thang". ZOMI DAILY. 17 February 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- ^ "Rung Lian Ceu Thawnnak". 7 January 2018. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2020 – via YouTube.
- ^ Peacock, Andrew. "The Chin - A Cultural Profile". storage.cloversites.com. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
Bibliography
[edit]- Dun, E. W. (1992) [1886], Gazetteer of Manipur, Manas Publications – via archive.org
- Pau, Pum Khan (2019), Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills: Empire and Resistance, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 9781000507454
