Carlos Ometochtzin

See also: Mexican Inquisition

Carlos Ometochtzin
Died	1539
Occupation	Member of the Acolhua nobility
Known for	Resistance to Christian evangelization

Carlos Ometochtzin (Nahuatl for "Two Rabbit"; pronounced [oːmeˈtoːtʃ.tsin]) or Ahuachpitzactzin, or Chichimecatecatl (Nahuatl for "Chichimec lord," is also known simply as Don Carlos of Texcoco, was a member of the Acolhua nobility. His date of birth is unknown. In dispute is how old he was when he was executed by an episcopal Inquisition. He is known to history for his resistance to Christian evangelization. He was burnt at the stake on November 30, 1539, at the order of Bishop Don Juan de Zumárraga, the first Catholic bishop of New Spain, for continuing to practice the pre-Hispanic religion. The main source of information on Don Carlos is the record of his inquisition trial, published in 1910 by the Mexican archives.

Juan de Zumárraga, the first archbishop of Mexico City, who investigated Don Carlos. There is no known image of Don Carlos himself.

Oztoticpac Lands Map of Texcoco, part of a lawsuit to gain title to lands of Don Carlos after his execution

Don Carlos was a grandson of the famous Texcocan ruler Nezahualcoyotl through his son Nezahualpilli. He held significant lands in the Texcoco region, his lands are depicted in the Aztec codex known as the Oztoticpac Lands Map of Texcoco, from ca. 1540 just after his execution.

Further reading

• Cline, Howard F. "The Oztoticpac Lands Map of Texcoco, 1540," in The Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress, April 1966, pp. 77–115. Republished in A la Carte: Selected Papers on Maps and Atlases, Washington, DC: Library of Congress 1972, pp. 5–33.
• Castaño, Victoria Ríos. "Not a Man of Contradiction: Zumárraga as Protector and Inquisitor of the Indigenous People of Central Mexico." Hispanic Research Journal 13, no. 1 (2012): 26–40.
• Don, Patricia Lopes. Bonfires of Culture: Franciscans, Indigenous Leaders, and the Inquisition in Early Mexico, 1524-1540. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 2010.
• Don, Patricia Lopes. "The 1539 inquisition and trial of Don Carlos of Texcoco in early Mexico." Hispanic American Historical Review 88, no. 4 (2008): 573–606.
• Don, Patricia Lopes. "Carnivals, triumphs, and rain gods in the new world: A civic festival in the city of México-Tenochtitlán in 1539." Colonial Latin American Review 6, no. 1 (1997): 17–40.
• Garagarza, Leon Garcia. "The 1539 Trial of Don Carlos Ometochtli and the Scramble for Mount Tlaloc." Mesoamerican Memory: Enduring Systems of Remembrance (2012).
• García Granados, Rafael (1952). "111 Ahuaxpitctzatzin". Diccionario Biográfico de Historia Antigua de Méjico. Mexico: Instituto de Historia. pp. vol. 1, pp. 34–37.
• García Garagarza, León. "The 1539 Trial of Don Carlos Ometochtli and the Scramble for Mount Tlaloc." In Mesoamerican Memory: Enduring Systems of Remembrance, eds. Amos Megged and Stephanie Wood, 193–214. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 2012.*
• González Obregón, Luis (ed.) (1910). Proceso inquisitorial del cacique de Texcoco. Mexico: Archivo General de la Nación. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
• Greenleaf, Richard E. "Persistence of native values: the inquisition and the Indians of colonial Mexico." The Americas 50, no. 3 (1994): 351–376.
• Greenleaf, Richard E. "The Mexican Inquisition and the Indians: sources for the ethnohistorian." The Americas 34, no. 3 (1978): 315–344.
• Lee, Jongsoo, and Galen Brokaw. Texcoco: prehispanic and colonial perspectives. University Press of Colorado, 2014.
• Medrano, Ethelia Ruiz, translated by Russ Davidson. "Don Carlos de Tezcoco and the Universal Rights of Emperor Carlos V." Texcoco: Prehispanic and Colonial Perspectives. University Press of Colorado (2014).
• Smith, Kevin Paul. "Here I stand!: Don Carlos of Texcoco, the Inquisition, and the end of Aztec resistance, 1539," Master's thesis, University of California Santa Barbara 2003.