Pine–oak forest
(Redirected from Oak–pine forest)
Pine–oak forest, pine–oak woodland, or oak–pine forest is a group of similar of ecosystems, primarily found in North and Central America. These areas are dominated by pine and oak trees. Under the Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems classification these are denoted as FRES 14.[1] FRES14 includes the Kuchler system forest types of cedar–hemlock–Douglas-fir forest (K-2), Douglas-fir forest (K-11), California mixed evergreen forest (K-25), and Mosaic of cedar-hemlock-douglas-fir forest and Oregon oakwoods (K-24).[1]
A pine–oak forest can be a stage in ecological succession between pine forests and oak forests.[2] It can also be a long-term stable stage.[3]
Examples include:
- Central American pine–oak forests
- Central Appalachian dry oak–pine forest
- Central Appalachian pine–oak rocky woodland
- Madrean pine–oak woodlands
- Mesoamerican pine–oak forests
- Pine-oak Forests, Puebla
- Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests
- Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests
- Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests
- Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests
- Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests
- Sierra de la Laguna pine–oak forests
- Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests
See also
[edit]- Pine-oak plantations, a botanical natural monument in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine
- Cronartium quercuum, the pine-oak gall rust
- Rhadinaea taeniata, the pine-oak snake
- Rhadinella lachrymans, the tearful pine-oak snake
- Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, formerly called Pine Oak Woods
- Protectors of Pine Oak Woods, the organization protecting the above preserve
- SW 6th & Pine and SW 5th & Oak stations
References
[edit]- ^ a b Garrison, George A; Bjugstad, A. J.; Duncan, D. A.; Lewis, M. E.; Smith, D. R. (1977). Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems (PDF). Agricultural Handbook. Vol. 475. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture. OCLC 3359594. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2017.
- ^ Naudiyal, Niyati; Schmerbeck, Joachim (15 November 2016). "The changing Himalayan landscape: pine-oak forest dynamics and the supply of ecosystem services". Journal of Forestry Research. 28 (3): 431–443. doi:10.1007/s11676-016-0338-7. ISSN 1993-0607. OCLC 7009464516. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2025.
- ^ Waitz, Yoni; Sheffer, Efrat (2021). "Dynamics of Mixed Pine–Oak Forests". In Ne'eman, Gidi; Osem, Yagil (eds.). Pines and Their Mixed Forest Ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin. Managing Forest Ecosystems. Vol. 38. Springer. pp. 345–362. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63625-8_17. ISBN 978-3-030-63624-1. OCLC 1277140093. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2025.