Zazu Nova
Zazu Nova | |
|---|---|
 Nova at a Gay Liberation Front meeting | |
| Born | Late 1940s |
| Died | Unknown[a] |
| Other names | Nova; Zazu Nova, Queen of Sex |
| Occupations | |
| Years active | 1965–1970s |
| Organizations | |
| Known for | Gay liberation activism |
Zazu Nova, often known mononymously as Nova,[2] was an American gay liberation activist and founding member of Gay Youth. A Black transgender woman, she moved to New York City as a young adult and worked on Christopher Street as a prostitute, often in drag. She later had a leading role in the Stonewall riots and joined the Gay Liberation Front. In 1970, Nova helped found the New York chapter of Gay Youth to provide support for people too young to participate in the GLF. She disappeared shortly after the GLF disbanded.
Early life
[edit]Nova was born in Syracuse, New York,[2] in the late 1940s.[3] Though not much is known about her upbringing, she was raised religious and kept her Unitarian beliefs throughout her life.[4] By the time she left Syracuse, Nova had been sent to prison on several occasions for unknown reasons.[5] She moved to New York City in 1965 with dreams of finding success as a playwright on Broadway or at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club.[2]
In New York City, Nova worked on Christopher Street as a prostitute, often in drag under the name "Zazu Nova, Queen of Sex,"[4] and participated in the downtown art scene.[6] At the time, she wore women's clothes as frequently as men's[3] and was known for her platinum afro, long boots, and short miniskirt.[6][7] Nova soon became friends with queer performers Marsha P. Johnson and Agosto Machado.[6] She later moved to the Upper West Side.[6]
Activism
[edit]Stonewall riots
[edit]Although Nova was not in the Stonewall Inn on the first night of the riots,[8] she joined the uprising in the surrounding neighborhoods.[9] David Carter's Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution identifies Nova as one of the "three individuals known to have been in the vanguard" of the pushback against the police, alongside Marsha P. Johnson and Jackie Hormona.[10][11] Several eyewitness accounts also mention her leading role in the uprising.[8][12][13][14] Nova fought alongside Johnson for part of the riot,[8] and at one point the two took a photo together.[13][15]
After Stonewall
[edit]Nova was active in several gay liberation organizations in the years that followed Stonewall.[14][16] She joined the Gay Liberation Front (GLF)[14] and was involved in the creation of Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR).[16] In 1970, Nova helped found Gay Youth, a group that worked alongside STAR and provided support for people too young to participate in the GLF.[3][8][9][17] She also wrote articles for LGBTQ newspapers[3][18] and was involved in the first issue of Come Out!.[19]
Legacy
[edit]Nova disappeared in the mid-1970s, her friends and fellow activists unsure whether she had died or left New York.[1] Despite never reappearing, she is remembered as one of the people said to have "thrown the first brick" at the Stonewall uprising.[12]
In February 2025, the National Park Service updated their description of Nova from "black transgender woman" to "black woman", likely as a result of Executive Order 14168.[20][21] This change, as well as additional removals of transgender-related terminology from the webpage, led to significant backlash and protests at the Stonewall National Monument in New York.[21]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b Cohen 2008, p. 88.
- ^ a b c Tourmaline 2025, p. 72.
- ^ a b c d Cohen 2008, p. 47.
- ^ a b Carter 2004, p. 64.
- ^ Carter 2004, p. 64–65.
- ^ a b c d Tourmaline 2025, p. 73.
- ^ Cohen 2008, p. 48.
- ^ a b c d "Zazu Nova". National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on June 3, 2024. Retrieved May 22, 2025.
- ^ a b Méndez, Lola (May 24, 2023). "Meet the Heroes of the Stonewall Riots, a Turning Point in the Gay Rights Movement". Good Housekeeping. Hearst Communications. Retrieved May 24, 2025.
- ^ Carter 2004, p. 261.
- ^ Carter, David (June 27, 2019). "Exploding the Myths of Stonewall". Gay City News. Schneps Media. Retrieved May 24, 2025.
- ^ a b "Virtual Fence Exhibit – Stonewall National Monument". National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on January 18, 2025. Retrieved May 22, 2025.
- ^ a b Carter 2004, p. 298.
- ^ a b c "Zazu Nova". New York Public Library. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
- ^ Tourmaline 2025, p. 83.
- ^ a b White, Heather R. (November 1, 2024). "Coming Out in the Parish Hall: New York's Gay Movement and the Church of the Holy Apostles, 1969–70". QTR: A Journal of Trans and Queer Studies in Religion. 1 (2). Duke University Press: 149–170. doi:10.1215/29944724-11365529. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
- ^ Cohen 2008, p. 99.
- ^ Nova (1970). "The Gay Youth group is looking around for help...". GLF News. No. 15. p. 2.
- ^ "A newspaper by and for the gay community" (PDF). Come Out!. Vol. 1, no. 1. New York City: Gay Liberation Front. November 14, 1969. p. 2. Retrieved May 24, 2025.
- ^ Ballutay, Jenny (February 26, 2025). "In the Face of Erasure | Suppressing Stonewall". The Stanford Daily. WordPress. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
- ^ a b Waller, Arin (February 14, 2025). "Thousands protest Donald Trump's attempt to erase trans people from Stonewall Riots". LGBTQ Nation. Q.Digital. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
Works cited
[edit]- Carter, David (2004). Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution. Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-0-312-34269-2. Retrieved May 22, 2025.
- Cohen, Stephan L. (2008). The Gay Liberation Youth Movement in New York. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-95799-1. Retrieved May 22, 2025.
- Tourmaline (2025). Marsha: The Joy and Defiance of Marsha P. Johnson. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-593-18566-7. Retrieved May 22, 2025.