In the year 795, after his enlightenment experience under Mazu, he settled in a self-made hut on Mount Nanquan, from which his dharma name is derived, and lived there in eremitic solitude for three decades.[2] In time, monks persuaded him to come down the mountain and found a monastery; from that time forward, he always had hundreds of students.[3]
Two gong'ans from the Blue Cliff Record (#28 & #69) depict Nanquan as an advanced student interacting with fellow students of Mazu, and the others depict him as a teacher in his own right.
A well-known koan is case #14 of the Gateless Gate, "Nanquan kills the cat":
Once the monks of the eastern and western Zen halls were quarrelling about a cat. Nansen held up the cat and said, "You monks! If one of you can say a word, I will spare the cat. If you can't say anything, I will put it to the sword." No one could answer, so Nansen finally slew it. In the evening, when Joshu returned, Nansen told him what had happened. Joshu, thereupon, took off his sandals, put them on his head and walked off. Nansen said, "If you had been there, I could have spared the cat."[4]
Nanquan had seventeen Dharma successors, the most famous of whom was Zhaozhou Congshen (J. Joshu)(778–897).[5] Case #19 of the Gateless Gate recounts an interaction between Nanquan and Zhaozhou that led to the latter having a profound realization; some translators/editors, for example Paul Reps, interpret this as Zhaozhou's enlightenment moment.[6]
^Fung Yu-lan, A History of Chinese Philosophy, vol. II, p. 397n2 states that his dates are 'variously given as 745–831, 748–834, 749–835, and 752–838.'
^The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen, p. 154
^The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen, p. 154
