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Marcy Kaptur

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Marcy Kaptur
Kaptur in 2018
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio's 9th district
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 1983
Preceded byEd Weber
Personal details
Born
Marcia Carolyn Kaptur

(1946-06-17) June 17, 1946 (age 78)
Toledo, Ohio, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
EducationUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison (BA)
University of Michigan (MUP)
Signature
WebsiteHouse website
Marcy Kaptur's voice
Marcy Kaptur speaks in support of Ukraine following Russia's annexation of Crimea
Recorded September 17, 2014

Marcia Carolyn Kaptur (/ˈkæptər/ KAP-tər; born June 17, 1946) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative from Ohio's 9th congressional district. Currently in her 22nd term, she has been a member of Congress since 1983.

A member of the Democratic Party, Kaptur is the longest-serving woman in congressional history and the dean of Ohio's congressional delegation. Her district is located in northwestern Ohio along the southern shore of Lake Erie and includes parts of Toledo and other communities in Defiance, Erie, Fulton, Ottawa, Lucas, Sandusky, Williams, and Wood counties.[1]

Early life and education

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Kaptur was born on June 17, 1946, in Toledo, Ohio, to Anastasia Delores (Rogowski) and Stephen Jacob Kaptur.[2] Both of her parents were of Polish descent. Her paternal grandparents came from the town of Żnin in present-day Poland, while her maternal grandparents, the Rogowskis, were from the area of Polonne, now located in Ukraine's Khmelnytskyi Oblast.[3] Her family ran a small grocery store in Rossford, and her mother was an automobile union organizer.[4] Kaptur became involved in politics at an early age, volunteering with the Ohio Democratic Party when she was 13.[5]

She graduated from St. Ursula Academy, an all-girls Catholic preparatory school, in 1964[6] and was the first person in her family to attend college.[7] She received her undergraduate degree in history from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1968[4] and a Master of Urban Planning from the University of Michigan in 1974.[8] She began doctoral studies in urban planning development finance at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1981.[9]

Early career

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Kaptur began her career in urban planning, working as an urban planner on the Toledo-Lucas County Plan Commissions from 1969 to 1975.[6] During this time period, she stayed active in local Democratic politics, volunteering for Hubert Humphrey’s 1968 presidential campaign and later helping George McGovern carry Lucas County in the 1972 presidential election, one of only two counties in Ohio to do so.[10]

In 1975, she became director of planning for the National Center for Urban Ethnic Affairs, a Washington-based organization founded by Catholic priest Geno Baroni, where she worked until 1977.[10] Afterwards, she joined the Carter administration as a domestic policy advisor on urban affairs and helped advance several housing and neighborhood revitalization bills through Congress.[5] Following her time in Washington D.C., Kaptur went to Massachusetts to do graduate work.[11]

U.S. House of Representatives

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Elections

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Kaptur's portrait from the 98th Congress, 1983

In 1982, while pursuing her doctorate degree, Kaptur was recruited by local Democratic leaders to run for Congress in Ohio's 9th district in the midterm elections.[9] The seat was held by freshman Republican Ed Weber, who had unseated 26-year incumbent Lud Ashley two years earlier.[12] Initially considered a long shot, Kaptur entered the race after encouragement from Geno Baroni[4] and party officials who had struggled to find a viable challenger.[5]

Kaptur returned to Ohio from Massachusetts, withdrawing from her doctorate program and driving through a snowstorm to begin campaigning.[10] Her campaign gained attention for its grassroots style, including raising $10,000 through bake sales,[10] a strategy that became a hallmark of her early political efforts.[13] Amid a national recession during President Reagan's first term and rising unemployment in Lucas County,[10] Kaptur focused her campaign on local economic decline and criticized Weber’s support for the free trade policies of the Reagan Administration.[5] She connected with working-class voters by emphasizing economic populism and cultural familiarity, once serving kielbasa made from her father's recipe at a rally.[10]

Despite receiving little support from the national Democratic Party, which had largely written off the district, Kaptur benefited from encouragement by Representatives Shirley Chisholm and Mary Rose Oakar. Though outspent nearly three to one,[4] she won the election with 58% of the vote.[14] Kaptur later credited her victory to her strong ties to the local community. After the election, she recalled how the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, which had provided no support during the race, sent her a belated $5,000 contribution.[15]

In 1984 for her re-election, Kaptur faced a strong challenge from Republican Frank Venner, a longtime news anchor at WTVG,[16] but defeated him 55–44%,[17] even as Ronald Reagan carried the district. From 1986 to 2002, she won every election with at least 74% of the vote.[4] She won her 12th term in 2004 with 68% of the vote, and again secured 74% in both 2006 and 2008.[4]

2010s

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Ohio's 9th district from 2013 to 2023

Kaptur's electoral margins began to narrow in the 2010s, reflecting growing political competitiveness in the region. Shortly after achieving fame during the 2008 election, conservative figure Samuel "Joe the Plumber" Wurzelbacher announced that he was considering challenging Kaptur in the 2010 election,[18][19][20] but chose not to run. Kaptur was instead challenged by Republican Rich Iott, a Tea Party movement favorite. She was reelected to a 15th term with 59% of the vote,[21] her closest victory since 1984.[4]

For her first three decades in Congress, Kaptur represented a compact district centered around Toledo. Redistricting after the 2010 census extended the 9th district to western Cleveland. The new map for the 2012 elections put the home of incumbent 10th district congressman Dennis Kucinich into the 9th, so they ran against each other in the Democratic primary. Graham Veysey, a small-business owner from Cleveland, also ran in the primary. Retaining over 60% of her former territory, Kaptur won the primary with 56% of the vote to Kucinich's 40%.[22][23] In the general election, she won a 16th term against Wurzelbacher and Libertarian Sean Stipe with of the vote.[24] The reconfigured 9th was no less Democratic than its predecessor, and Kaptur had effectively clinched reelection by defeating Kucinich in the primary.

Kaptur being sworn into the 115th U.S. Congress in 2017

Kaptur's 2014 opponent was Richard May, a longtime Republican activist from west Cleveland, who beat Lakewood resident Robert C. Horrocks Jr. in the May 6 primary.[25] Kaptur won 68–32%.[4] Kaptur's 2016 opponent was Donald Larson, who defeated Steven Kraus and Joel Lieske in the Republican primary on March 15. Kaptur won 68–31%.[4]

2020s

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In the 2020s, Kaptur’s district shifted from a reliably Democratic seat to a swing district. Her 2020 opponent was Rob Weber, who defeated Charles W. Barrett, Tim Connors, and Timothy P. Corrigan in the Republican primary on March 17. Kaptur won 63–37%.

Following the 2020 census, redistricting shifted the 9th district westward, incorporating much of the strongly Republican 5th district. While President Joe Biden carried the old district with 59% of the vote, the new district would have narrowly favored Donald Trump with 51%. Despite the unfavorable shift, Kaptur defeated Republican nominee J.R. Majewski in 2022 by a comfortable margin of 56.6% to 43.4%.[26]

In 2024, she faced an extremely close race against state representative Derek Merrin, who was endorsed by Trump.[27] Kaptur won reelection by less than one percentage point at 48.3% to Merrin's 47.6%,[28] which marked the first time in her political career that she failed to secure a majority of the vote.[4]

Tenure

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Kaptur took office on January 3, 1983.[29] At the time, she became the first woman to represent Ohio's 9th congressional district[30] and was one of 24 women serving in Congress.[31] In her first term, she was appointed to the Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs Committee as well as the Veterans’ Affairs Committee.[32] During the 1980s, she developed a good working relationship with Speaker Jim Wright, who later appointed her as vice chair of a task force on trade and to the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee. In her fourth term, she gained a position on the Budget Committee and afterwards secured a seat on the Appropriations Committee.[32]

World War II Memorial at dusk

In 1987, Kaptur introduced the World War II Memorial Act in the House.[33] The bill authorized the American Battle Monuments Commission to establish a World War II memorial. It was not voted on before the end of the session and so failed to be enacted. Kaptur introduced similar legislation twice in 1989 but these bills also failed to become law.[34] Kaptur introduced legislation for the fourth time in 1993. This time the legislation was voted on and passed in the House. After a companion bill was passed in the United States Senate, President Bill Clinton signed the bill into law.[35] Kaptur later said that she felt "a great sense of fulfillment" that the memorial was built. "This generation was the most unselfish America has ever seen," she said. "They never asked anybody for anything in return."[36]

In 1993, Kaptur strongly opposed the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).[10] She said that the trade agreement would result in widespread job losses as companies outsourced work to lower-wage Mexico. Following NAFTA, she also objected to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995.[32] Kaptur expressed concern that free trade agreements would undermine U.S. economic interests and erode international standards on labor rights, environmental protection, and consumer safety. Despite her efforts, including working with labor unions to block NAFTA and the WTO agreement, both measures passed.[32] Her prominent role in trade policy debates attracted national attention, and in 1996, independent presidential candidate Ross Perot invited her to join his election campaign as a vice-presidential candidate for the 1996 presidential election. She declined the offer.[37][38]

Kaptur speaks at the dedication of a highway project that she helped secure funding for in Sandusky, 2013

Kaptur was a vocal critic of Wall Street and its role in the 2008 financial crisis.[39] She opposed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which authorized a federal bailout of major U.S. banks.[40] Her position, along with her broader criticism of the financial industry, was featured in Michael Moore’s 2009 documentary Capitalism: A Love Story.[41] In 2011, Kaptur introduced H.R. 1489, a bill aimed at restoring key provisions of the Glass–Steagall Act (1933) by repealing parts of the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (1999) and restoring the separation between commercial banking and securities trading. The bill received support from 30 co-sponsors.[42]

In the 2000s, Kaptur sought to steer the Democratic Party towards a greater focus on its working-class base, emphasizing her Midwestern "heartland" roots in contrast to the party’s coastal leadership. In 2002, she challenged Representative Nancy Pelosi for the position of House Democratic leader, using her candidacy to draw attention to what she described as the party’s neglect of its “non-money wing.” She withdrew before a vote was taken. In 2008, Kaptur ran for vice chair of the House Democratic Caucus, but lost to Representative Xavier Becerra, a close Pelosi ally. After Democrats lost their House majority in the 2010 midterm elections, Kaptur was among those who called for a delay in leadership elections—an effort some interpreted as encouraging Pelosi to step aside.[39] Reflecting on her differences with Pelosi years later, Kaptur criticized the Democratic leader’s support for NAFTA, saying, “That’s where the real knife was put in the flesh.”[43]

In 2016, Kaptur endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders in the Democratic presidential primary and introduced him at a rally in Toledo.[44] In October, she endorsed the nominee, Hillary Clinton, who had won Ohio and her district in the primary.[citation needed] In 2018, Kaptur became the longest-serving woman in the House of Representatives,[45] and then in 2023, she became the longest-serving woman in Congress overall.[31][46]

Committee assignments

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Kaptur on the Appropriations Committee

For the 119th Congress:[47]

Caucus memberships

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Political positions

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Free trade

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Kaptur discusses the negative effects of free trade agreements on the country's trade deficit, 2017

Kaptur opposes free trade agreements. She helped lead opposition to the North American Free Trade Agreement, permanent normal trade relations for the People's Republic of China, and fast track authority for the president.[32]

Patent reform

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Kaptur opposed the America Invents Act, which overhauled the U.S. patent system by shifting from a "first to invent" to a "first to file" framework.[49] She argued that the change hurt small businesses, stating, “Our patent system is the finest in the world... the proposed solutions are special fixes that benefit these few giants at the expense of everyone else.”[50]

She later co-sponsored the Restoring America's Leadership in Innovation Act, which aimed to strengthen inventors’ property rights. The bill proposed eliminating the administrative review process that allows the public to challenge the validity of patents, a process originally designed to prevent misuse of the patent system.[51]

Immigration reform

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Kaptur was one of 38 Democrats to vote against the DREAM Act in 2010. Although the bill passed the House, it ultimately failed in the Senate.[52] She later supported the measure, voting in favor of the DREAM Act in 2021.[53] Kaptur voted against the Equal Representation Act in 2024, which proposed excluding noncitizens ineligible to vote from the population counts used to determine congressional representation.[54] In January 2025, Kaptur was one of 46 House Democrats who joined all Republicans to vote for the Laken Riley Act.[55]

In February of 2025, Kaptur raised concerns about Elon Musk's U.S. citizenship status, questioning his allegiance due to his multiple nationalities. Speaking outside the Capitol, Kaptur remarked, "Mr. Musk has just been here 22 years. And he’s a citizen of three countries. I always ask myself the question, with the damage he’s doing here, when push comes to shove, which country is his loyalty to? South Africa? Canada? Or the United States? And he’s only been a citizen, I’ll say again, 22 years."[56] Kaptur’s remarks quickly drew backlash on social media, with many users criticizing them as nativist rhetoric.

Foreign affairs

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Kaptur speaks in support of Ukrainians affected by the Russo-Ukrainian war, 2023

Kaptur serves as co-chair of the Congressional Ukrainian Caucus and has been a vocal supporter for Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War. She has expressed support for Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and stated that the country “voted for her own independence and has been laboring to be free with continued Russian meddling in her country all these decades.”[57] In 2023, Kaptur signed a letter urging President Joe Biden to provide F-16 fighter jets to Ukraine.[58]

Abortion

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Kaptur supported Roe v. Wade, calling it “the law of the land,”[59] but describes herself as neither strictly pro-choice nor pro-life.[5] She opposes federal funding for abortions and has backed several restrictions,[5] including bans on so-called partial-birth abortions in 2000[60] and 2003,[61] the Stupak-Pitts Amendment in 2009,[62] and the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act in 2011.[63] She voted multiple times in the 1990s against allowing privately funded abortions at overseas military hospitals,[64][65][66][67][68] though she supported lifting the ban in 2005.[69] Her record on other abortion-related legislation has varied. She voted against the Child Custody Protection Act (1999),[70] the Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act (2005),[71] and the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act (2023).[72] In 2007, she voted against federally funded embryonic stem-cell research.[73] In 2010, she withheld support for the Affordable Care Act until assured it would not provide funding for abortions.[74] She supports the requirement that Medicaid provide coverage for abortions in cases of rape, incest, or life endangerment.[5]

Personal life

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Kaptur is a Roman Catholic and has described her faith as a core part of her identity, particularly as an American of Polish heritage.[75] In a letter to Network Lobby, she wrote that Catholicism gave her ancestors "worth and hope—during times of bondage, repression, punishment, war, illness, and harrowing economic downturns."[75] She has also expressed admiration for Catholic social teaching, especially the option for the poor. Blending her religious beliefs with progressive politics, The Washington Post described her as “an economic populist from America’s heartland with progressive values and a conservative disposition.”[74]

Electoral history

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US House election, 1982: Ohio District 9[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur 95,162 57.95% +18.14
Republican Ed Weber (incumbent) 64,459 39.25% −16.96
Independent Susan Skinner 1,785 1.09% N/A
Independent James Somers 1,594 0.97% N/A
Libertarian David Muir 1,217 0.27% N/A
Total votes 164,217 100%
Democratic gain from Republican
US House election, 1984: Ohio District 9[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 117,985 54.90% −3.05
Republican Frank Venner 93,210 43.37% +4.12
Write-in 3,714 1.73% N/A
Total votes 214,909 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 1986: Ohio District 9[78]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 105,646 77.52% +22.62
Republican Mike Shufeldt 30,643 22.48% −20.89
Total votes 136,289 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 1988: Ohio District 9[79]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 157,557 81.29% +3.77
Republican Al Hawkins 36,183 18.67% −3.81
Write-in 72 0.04% N/A
Total votes 193,812 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 1990: Ohio District 9[80]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 117,681 77.69% −3.60
Republican Jerry Lammers 33,791 22.31% +3.64
Total votes 151,472 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 1992: Ohio District 9[81]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 178,879 73.58% −4.11
Republican Ken Brown 53,011 21.81% −0.50
Independent Edward Howard 11,162 4.59% N/A
Write-in 50 0.02% N/A
Total votes 243,102 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 1994: Ohio District 9[82]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 118,120 75.34% +1.76
Republican Randy Whitman 38,665 24.66% +2.85
Total votes 156,785 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 1996: Ohio District 9[83]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 170,617 77.08% +1.74
Republican Randy Whitman 46,040 20.80% −3.86
Natural Law Elizabeth Slotnick 4,677 2.11% N/A
Total votes 221,334 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 1998: Ohio District 9[84]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 130,793 81.18% +4.10
Republican Ed Emery 30,312 18.12% −2.68
Total votes 161,105 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2000: Ohio District 9[85]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 168,547 74.80% −6.38
Republican Dwight Bryan 49,446 21.94% +3.82
Libertarian Galen Fries 4,239 1.88% N/A
Natural Law Dennis Slotnick 3,096 1.37% N/A
Total votes 225,328 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2002: Ohio District 9[86]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 132,236 73.99% −0.81
Republican Ed Emery 46,481 26.01% +4.07
Total votes 178,717 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2004: Ohio District 9[87]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 205,149 68.13% −5.86
Republican Larry Kaczala 95,983 31.87% +5.86
Total votes 301,132 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2006: Ohio District 9[88]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 153,880 73.63% +5.50
Republican Bradley Leavitt 55,119 26.37% −5.50
Total votes 208,999 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2008: Ohio District 9[89]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 222,054 74.37% +0.74
Republican Bradley Leavitt 76,512 25.63% −0.74
Total votes 298,566 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2010: Ohio District 9[90]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 121,819 59.35% −15.02
Republican Rich Iott 83,423 40.65% +15.02
Total votes 205,242 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2012: Ohio District 9[91][92]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 42,902 56.18%
Democratic Dennis Kucinich (incumbent) 30,564 40.02%
Democratic Graham Veysey 2,900 3.80%
Total votes 76,366 100
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 217,775 73.04% +13.69
Republican Samuel Wurzelbacher 68,666 23.03% −17.62
Libertarian Sean Stipe 11,725 3.93% N/A
Total votes 298,166 100
Democratic hold
US House election, 2014: Ohio District 9[93]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 108,870 67.74% −5.30
Republican Richard May 51,704 32.17% +9.14
Write-in 141 0.09% N/A
Total votes 160,715 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2016: Ohio District 9[94]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 193,966 68.69% +0.95
Republican Donald Larson 88,427 31.31% −0.86
Write-in 5 0.00% N/A
Total votes 282,398 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2018: Ohio District 9[95]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 157,219 67.79% −0.90
Republican Steve Kraus 74,670 32.19% +0.88
Write-in 48 0.02% N/A
Total votes 231,937 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2020: Ohio District 9[96]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 190,328 63.07% −4.72
Republican Rob Weber 111,385 36.91% +4.72
Write-in 39 0.01% N/A
Total votes 301,752 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2022: Ohio District 9[97]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 150,655 56.63% −6.44
Republican J.R. Majewski 115,362 43.37% +6.46
Total votes 266,017 100%
Democratic hold
US House election, 2024: Ohio District 9[98]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Marcy Kaptur (incumbent) 181,098 48.27% −8.36
Republican Derek Merrin 178,716 47.63% +4.26
Libertarian Tom Pruss 15,381 4.10% N/A
Total votes 375,195 100%
Democratic hold

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ohio Democrat Marcy Kaptur is the longest-serving woman in congressional history". News 5 Cleveland WEWS. 2024-03-11. Retrieved 2025-05-21.
  2. ^ Dolling, Yolanda; Cooper, Polly; Dolling, Eric (1991). Who's Who of Women in World Politics. Bowker-Saur. ISBN 9780862916275. Retrieved 2012-08-30 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Redakcja (2013-04-19). "Kongresmenka Marcy Kaptur chce odwiedzić Żnin jeszcze tego lata". Gazeta Pomorska (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-05-21.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Marcy Kaptur's story". Bowling Green State University. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Foerstel, Karen (1999). "Marcy Kaptur". Biographical Dictionary of Congressional Women. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 141. ISBN 0-313-30290-1.
  6. ^ a b "Kaptur, Marcia Carolyn (Marcy), (1946 - )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  7. ^ Kahn, Mattie (March 2, 2017). "Rep. Marcy Kaptur Financed Her First Congressional Race With Bake Sales". Elle.
  8. ^ Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning. "Lecture: Congresswoman Marcy Kaptur, An Urban Planner in Congress". Archived from the original on 2011-09-03. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
  9. ^ a b Schenken, Suzanne O'Dea (1999). "Kaptur, Marcia (Marcy) Carolyn (b. 1946)". From Suffrage to the Senate: An Encyclopedia of American Women in Politics. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. p. 354. ISBN 0-87436-960-6.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Henry J. Gomez, cleveland com (2012-02-19). "Blue-collar roots guide Marcy Kaptur's folksy -- and occasionally fiery -- career in Congress". cleveland. Retrieved 2025-05-21.
  11. ^ Kouters, Angela (2008). Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics. New York: Facts On File. p. 268. ISBN 978-1-4381-1032-5.
  12. ^ Tom Troy (October 27, 2015). "Former Congressman Weber backs Ferner for mayor". The Blade. Toledo, Ohio. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
  13. ^ "Representative Marcy Kaptur: Served in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1983-present". Center for Women and Politics in Ohio.
  14. ^ "OH District 9 Race". Our Campaigns. November 2, 1982. Retrieved 2012-08-30.
  15. ^ "Rep. Marcy Kaptur Financed Her First Congressional Race With Bake Sales". ELLE. 2017-03-02. Retrieved 2025-05-24.
  16. ^ CQ's Political Staff (1993). Duncan, Phil (ed.). Congressional Quarterly's: Politics in America 1994. p. 1200.
  17. ^ "OH District 9 Race". Our Campaigns. November 6, 1984. Retrieved 2012-08-30.
  18. ^ "Now, Joe the Plumber wants to be a Congressman!". Asian News International. 2008-10-25. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
  19. ^ "'Joe the Plumber' Considers Run for Congress". Fox News. 2008-10-25. Archived from the original on 2008-10-26. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
  20. ^ Shipman, Tim (2008-10-27). "Joe the Plumber says he may run for Congress". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 2008-10-28. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
  21. ^ "2010 Election: Live Results". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2010-11-03. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
  22. ^ "2016 Election Results: President Live Map by State, Real-Time Voting Updates". Politico. 2016-11-08. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
  23. ^ "OH District 9 - D Primary Race". Our Campaigns. March 6, 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-30.
  24. ^ Noga, Joe (November 7, 2012). "Marcy Kaptur coasts to win in 9th District congressional race". Sun News.
  25. ^ "Richard May of Cleveland wins GOP primary to oppose Rep. Marcy Kaptur". cleveland.com. 2014-05-06. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
  26. ^ "Ohio's 9th Congressional District election, 2022". Ballotpedia. 2022-11-08. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
  27. ^ "Ohio Democrat Marcy Kaptur extends tenure as longest-serving woman in US House with election win". AP News. 2024-11-20. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  28. ^ "Ohio Ninth Congressional District Election Results". The New York Times. 2024-11-05. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-05-22.
  29. ^ Foerstel, Karen (1999). Biographical dictionary of congressional women. Internet Archive. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30290-9.
  30. ^ Wasniewski, Matthew Andrew (2006). Women in Congress, 1917-2006. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 852–853. ISBN 978-0-16-076753-1.
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  32. ^ a b c d e Foerstel, Karen (1999). Biographical dictionary of congressional women. Internet Archive. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 141–142. ISBN 978-0-313-30290-9.
  33. ^ House of Representatives (22 March 1991). "H.R.1624 - To provide for the establishment of a memorial on Federal land within the District of Columbia to honor members of the Armed Forces who served in World War II, and to express the sense of Congress concerning the United States' participation in that conflict". Congress.gov. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  34. ^ House of Representatives (29 June 1989). "H.R.2807 - To provide for the establishment of a memorial on Federal land within the District of Columbia to honor members of the Armed Forces who served in World War II, and to express the sense of Congress concerning the United States participation in that conflict". Congress.gov. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  35. ^ House of Representatives (22 March 1991). "H.R.1624 - To provide for the establishment of a memorial on Federal land within the District of Columbia to honor members of the Armed Forces who served in World War II, and to express the sense of Congress concerning the United States' participation in that conflict". Congress.gov. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  36. ^ Janofsky, Michael (May 30, 2004). "Veterans Gather to Dedicate World War II Memorial". The New York Times. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  37. ^ "Perot's VP offer spurned". UPI. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
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  39. ^ a b Nutting, Brian (May 7, 2013). "Bloomberg Government Biography: Marcy Kaptur (D-OH-09)" (PDF). Bloomberg News.
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Marcy Kaptur
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio's 9th congressional district
1983–present 		Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States representatives by seniority
4th 		Succeeded by
Order of precedence of the United States
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