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List of contributors to the Encyclopædia Britannica

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Collage of famous contributors to the Britannica (clockwise from top left): Thomas Malthus, W.E.B. Du Bois, Henry Ford, Jimmy Carter, Desmond Tutu, Marie Curie, Leon Trotsky, Lillian Gish, Albert Einstein

The Encyclopædia Britannica has a history of containing many articles written by notable expert contributors,[1][2] Among these contributors are many Nobel laureates,[3] such as Albert Einstein and Marie Curie; presidents of the United States John F. Kennedy, Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton; and other notable figures.

Contributors

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Edition Name Description of author Contributions
1st William Smellie Scottish printer, author and principal editor of the first edition of the Britannica[4] Various[a]
2nd James Tytler Scottish balloonist, radical, author, and editor of the second edition and part of the third edition[6][7] Various,[b] notably:[7]
3rd
John Barclay Scottish anatomist and teacher[9] "Physiology"[10]
Thomas Blacklock Blind Scottish poet and clergyman[11] "Blind"[12]
David Doig Scottish philologist[13]
George Gleig Scottish bishop and primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, editor of part of the third edition[16] Various, notably:[16]
Robert Heron Scottish writer and polymath[17]
John Robison Scottish natural philosopher[19] Various,[18] notably:[20]
Thomas Thomson Scottish chemist[21] "Sea"[22]
4th, 5th, 6th, suppl. Thomas Robert Malthus English demographer and political economist known for the Malthusian theory of population growth[23] "Population"[24]
11th Peter Kropotkin Russian anarcho-communist philosopher[25] Various,[c] notably:[27]
13th Marie Curie Polish scientist who made breakthroughs in physics and chemistry, earning two Nobel Prizes[28] "Radium"[29]
Irène Joliot-Curie Daughter of Marie and 1935 Nobel laureate in Chemistry[30]
W.E.B. Du Bois African American sociologist and co-founder of the NAACP[31] "Negro literature" in American literature[32]
Albert Einstein German-born physicist and 1921 Nobel laureate in Physics[33] "Space-time"[34]
Henry Ford American automobile manufacturer and innovator of mass production who founded Ford Motor Company[35] "Mass production"[35]
Leon Trotsky Russian revolutionary leader and statesman[36] "Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov"[37]
14th Lillian Gish Prolific American silent film actress[38] "A universal language" in Motion pictures[39]
John F. Kennedy President of the United States from 1961 to 1963 "Ellsworth, Oliver"[40]
15th Jimmy Carter President of the United States from 1977 to 1981[41] "Camp David Accords"[42]
Online Bill Clinton President of the United States from 1993 to 2001[43] "Dayton Accords"[44]
Desmond Tutu South African archbishop and 1984 Nobel Peace Prize laureate[45] "Truth and Reconciliation Commission, South Africa"[46]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Smellie compiled most of the material for the first edition, and is known to have written original articles himself, but authorship of most articles is anonymous. Smellie also often copied directly from other sources.[5]
  2. ^ Tytler wrote the vast majority of the articles of the second edition. He also updated and reprinted some of Smellie's contributions.[8]
  3. ^ Kropotkin had contributed before to the 9th and 10th editions.[26]

Citations

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  1. ^ Einbinder, Harvey (1965). "The Eleventh Edition of the "Britannica": A Monument of British Scholarship". Cahiers d'Histoire Mondiale. Journal of World History. Cuadernos de Historia Mundial. 9 (1).
  2. ^ Loveland 2006, pp. 76–77.
  3. ^ Greenstein & Devereux 2017, p. 2.
  4. ^ Brown, S.W. (24 May 2008). "Smellie, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25753. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  5. ^ Jones 2013, p. 120.
  6. ^ Russell, Meg (3 January 2008). "Tytler, James [called Balloon Tytler]". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27967. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. ^ a b Swinton 1981, p. 216.
  8. ^ Swinton 1981, p. 218.
  9. ^ Kaufman 2006, pp. 93.
  10. ^ Kaufman 2006, pp. 94, 99.
  11. ^ Heller 1979, p. 392.
  12. ^ Heller 1979, pp. 396–397.
  13. ^ McMullan 2021, p. 615.
  14. ^ Sebastiani 2002, p. 231.
  15. ^ McMullan 2021, p. 617.
  16. ^ a b Aston, Nigel (23 September 2004). "Gleig, George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10810. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  17. ^ Sebastiani 2002, p. 222.
  18. ^ a b Sebastiani 2002, p. 214.
  19. ^ Sebastiani 2002, p. 215.
  20. ^ Miller 2008, p. 51.
  21. ^ Klickstein 1948, p. 37.
  22. ^ Klickstein 1948, p. 38.
  23. ^ Ivancevic & Ivancevic 2007, pp. 318–319.
  24. ^ Smith 2001, p. 405.
  25. ^ Shpayer-Makov 1987, p. 374.
  26. ^ Ferretti 2017, pp. 20–22.
  27. ^ Ward 2004, p. 12.
  28. ^ Rockwell 2003, p. 167.
  29. ^ Wertenstein 1935, p. 39.
  30. ^ Rockwell 2003, p. 179.
  31. ^ Rudwick 1969, p. 303.
  32. ^ Braley 2001, p. 75.
  33. ^ "Einstein, Albert". Who's who in the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. 2003 [1999]. doi:10.1093/acref/9780192800916.001.0001. ISBN 9780191726439.
  34. ^ Einstein 1987, p. xvii.
  35. ^ a b Flink, James J. (26 September 2024). "Ford, Henry". American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1000578. (subscription required)
  36. ^ "Trotsky, Leon". Who's who in the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. 2003 [1999]. doi:10.1093/acref/9780192800916.001.0001. ISBN 9780191726439.
  37. ^ Ayers 2018, pp. 217, 268.
  38. ^ "Gish, Lillian". Who's who in the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. 2003 [1999]. doi:10.1093/acref/9780192800916.001.0001. ISBN 9780191726439.
  39. ^ Berke 2016, pp. 2–3.
  40. ^ "Berufliches". Der Spiegel (in German). Vol. 15, no. 10. March 1961. p. 95.
  41. ^ Cullinane & Farr 2022, p. 457.
  42. ^ Levy, Michael; Stewart, Donald E. "Fifteenth edition". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. ISSN 1085-9721.
  43. ^ Cullinane & Farr 2022, p. 458.
  44. ^ Taulbee 2017, p. 336.
  45. ^ Haron 2014, p. 578.
  46. ^ Johnson, Ben (14 March 2012). "Encyclopedia Britannica Goes Fully Digital, Offering Expensive Term Paper Citation Alternative To Wikipedia". Slate.

Bibliography

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Britannica

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Following the institution of the policy of continuous revision in 1933 for the fourteenth edition, printed editions have thereafter been updated or revised without the official number of the edition being changed, except with the release of the fifteenth edition in 1974. Continuous revision is still practiced for the online edition.
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