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List of Sahabah

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Aṣ-ṣaḥābah
اَلصَّحَابَةُ
Calligraphic representation of Sahabah
TitleCompanions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Personal life
Notable work(s)Quran Compilation
Hadith Transmission
Preservation of Sunnah
Military Conquests
Islamic Governance & Administration
Legal Rulings (Fiqh Foundations)
Da'wah (Spreading Islam)
Establishing Masjids & Institutions
Known forThe "Best Generation" in Islam
Religious life
ReligionIslam
Muslim leader
SuccessorTabi'in
Influenced by
Influenced

Aṣ-ṣaḥābah (Arabic: اَلصَّحَابَةُ, "The Companions") were the Muslim followers of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime, believed in his message, and died as Muslims. The exact number of Muhammad’s companions is unknown due to their wide geographical dispersal and the absence of a comprehensive record during his lifetime. However, estimates suggest there were over 100,000 companions, with some sources such as Abu Zur'ah al-Razi and Al-Suyuti reporting approximately 124,000.[1]

Among all the Sahabah, ten were uniquely and explicitly promised Paradise during their lifetimes in a single authentic hadith. These companions are: Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Sa`îd ibn Zayd, and Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah.[2]

Notable Sahabah

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The following table lists 50 prominent Sahabah, selected based on their historical and religious significance as documented in primary sources, including hadith collections (Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim), biographies (Ibn Hisham’s Sirat Rasul Allah), and historical chronicles (Al-Tabari’s Tarikh). The rankings are based on their impact, including governance, hadith narration, military conquests, or martyrdom in key battles. Although numerous Sahabah are recognized in Islamic tradition, this list focuses on those most frequently cited in scholarly sources due to their notable contributions.[3]

Notable Sahabah of Muhammad
Rank Name Role/Significance Death Year (CE) Key Contributions
1 Abu Bakr As-Siddiq First Caliph, closest companion 634 He accompanied Muhammad during the Hijrah to Medina and in all of his battles, oversaw the compilation of Quran after the Battle of al-Yamama, and unified Arabia by suppressing the Ridda wars.[4]
2 Umar Ibn Al-Khattab Second Caliph, administrator 644 He expanded the Islamic empire into Persia and Byzantium and established a just administrative system, including the diwan for soldiers’ pensions.[5]
3 Uthman Ibn Affan Third Caliph, philanthropist 656 He standardized the Quranic text under a single dialect and funded military expeditions, including the conquest of North Africa.[6]
4 Ali Ibn Abi Talib Fourth Caliph, scholar 661 He led Muslims in battles like Battle of Badr and Battle of Khandaq and is revered as the first Shi’a Imam.[7]
5 Aisha Bint Abu Bakr Muhammad’s wife, hadith narrator 678 She narrated 2,210 hadiths, shaping Islamic law, and played a key political role in the First Fitna after Uthman’s death.[8][9]
6 Khalid ibn al-Walid Military commander 642 He played a crucial role in the rapid expansion of the early Islamic state and was known as the "Sword of Allah".[10]
7 Abu Hurayra Hadith narrator 678 He narrated 5,374 hadiths, preserving Muhammad’s sayings and practices.[11]
8 Bilal Ibn Rabah First muezzin, freed slave 640 He served as the first muezzin, calling the adhan in Medina, and symbolized equality as a freed Abyssinian slave.[12]
9 Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib Muhammad’s uncle, warrior 625 He fought bravely at Battle of Badr and was martyred at Battle of Uhud, earning the title “Lion of Allah” for his courage.[13]
10 Abdullah Ibn Abbas Scholar, tafsir expert 687 He narrated 1,660 hadiths and taught Quranic exegesis in Mecca, earning the title “Interpreter of the Quran.”[14]
11 Abdullah Ibn Umar Hadith narrator, pious 693 He narrated 2,630 hadiths and strictly followed Muhammad’s Sunnah.[15]
12 Talha ibn Ubayd Allah Early convert, warrior 656 He fought at Battle of Badr and Battle of Uhud and was martyred at the Battle of the Camel during the First Fitna.[16]
13 Zubayr ibn al-Awwam Warrior, early convert 656 He participated in major battles like Battle of Badr and was martyred at the Battle of the Camel.[17]
14 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf Merchant, mediator 652 He funded the Battle of Tabuk with his wealth and mediated disputes among early Muslims in Medina.[18]
15 Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas Military leader 655 He commanded Muslims to victory at Battle of Qadisiyyah, leading to Persia’s conquest, and governed Kufa.[19]
16 Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah General, trusted companion 639 He led the conquest of Syria, capturing Damascus, and was renowned for his humility.[20]
17 Khadija bint Khuwaylid Muhammad’s wife, merchant 619 She was the first to accept Islam and supported Muhammad financially in Mecca’s early years.[21]
18 Anas ibn Malik Hadith narrator, servant 712 He narrated 2,286 hadiths and served Muhammad for ten years, sharing intimate details of his life.[22]
19 Jabir ibn Abd Allah Hadith narrator, warrior 697 He narrated 1,540 hadiths and fought in 19 battles, including Battle of Badr, spreading Islam’s teachings.[23]
20 Fatima bint Muhammad Muhammad’s daughter 632 She led women in Medina and was the mother of Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, central to Shi’a lineage.[24]
21 Hafsa bint Umar Muhammad’s wife 665 She preserved the first written Quran copy and narrated hadiths, influencing early Islamic scholarship.[25]
22 Hind bint Abi Umayya Muhammad’s wife, advisor 679 She advised Muhammad at Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, securing a peace treaty, and narrated key hadiths.[26]
23 Mus'ab ibn Umayr Missionary, martyr 625 He spread Islam in Medina, converting many Ansar, and was martyred at the Battle of Uhud.[27]
24 Abdullah ibn Masud Scholar, reciter 653 He taught the Quran and its exegesis in Kufa, shaping early Islamic scholarship.[28]
25 Ubayy ibn Ka'b Quranic scholar 649 He mastered Quranic recitation and compiled early tafsir, aiding its preservation in Medina.[29]
26 Zayd ibn Thabit Scribe, compiler 665 He led the Quran’s compilation under Abu Bakr and mastered Islamic law in Medina.[30][31]
27 Ammar ibn Yasir Early convert, martyr 657 He endured Meccan persecution and was martyred at Battle of Siffin, supporting Ali’s caliphate.[32]
28 Sumayya First martyr 615 She was killed in Mecca for her faith, becoming Islam’s first martyr and symbol of steadfastness.[33]
29 Salman the Persian Convert, strategist 656 He proposed digging a trench at the Battle of Khandaq, securing Medina’s defense.[34]
30 Abu Dharr al-Ghifari Ascetic, advocate 652 He advocated for equality and criticized wealth accumulation, influencing early Islamic social justice.[35]
31 Muadh ibn Jabal Scholar, governor 639 He taught the Quran in Yemen as Muhammad’s envoy and narrated foundational hadiths.[36][37]
32 Abu Ayyub al-Ansari Warrior, host 674 He hosted Muhammad in Medina during the Hijrah and fought in the Siege of Constantinople campaign.[38]
33 Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman Intelligence officer 656 He safeguarded Muhammad's secrets about hypocrites (their names) and governed Kufa under Umar’s caliphate.[39]
34 Zayd ibn al-Khattab Warrior, martyr 632 He fought as Umar’s brother in the Ridda wars and was martyred at Battle of Yamama.[40]
35 Umm Ayman (Barakah) Muhammad’s nursemaid ~650 She cared for Muhammad’s family as an early convert and supported his household.[41]
36 Al-Bara' ibn Malik Warrior, martyr 641 He fought fiercely at Battle of Yamama and was killed in Persia during the Islamic conquests.[42]
37 Abdullah ibn Rawaha Poet, martyr 629 He composed poetry praising Islam and was martyred leading Muslims at the Battle of Mu’tah.[43]
38 Sa'id ibn Zayd Early convert, warrior 671 He fought in early battles like Battle of Badr and was Umar’s brother-in-law.[44]
39 Miqdad ibn Aswad Early convert, warrior 653 He was the first Muslim to fight on horseback and supported Ali ibn Abi Talib during the First Fitna.[45]
40 Abu Talha al-Ansari Archer, philanthropist ~654 He excelled as an archer at Battle of Badr and donated orchards to support Medina’s poor.[46]
41 Shurahbil ibn Hasana General, governor 639 He led the conquest of Jordan and served as a governor in Syria under Umar.[47]
42 Umm Haram Warrior, martyr ~649 She participated in naval battles and was martyred during a campaign in Cyprus.[48]
43 Ka'b ibn Zuhayr Poet, convert ~662 He composed poetry praising Muhammad after converting, strengthening Muslim morale in Medina.[49]
44 Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As Scholar, hadith narrator 684 He recorded hadiths during Muhammad’s lifetime, contributing to early Islamic legal traditions.[50]
45 Abu Musa Ashaari Governor, arbitrator ~662 He governed Basra and mediated at Battle of Siffin, attempting to resolve the First Fitna.[51]
46 Safiyya bint Huyayy Muhammad’s wife ~670 She defended Muslims during the Battle of Khandaq, showcasing courage in Medina’s defense.[52]
47 Ja'far ibn Abi Talib Missionary, martyr 629 He led the migration to Abyssinia and was martyred commanding Muslims at Battle of Mu’tah.[53]
48 Amr ibn al-As General, governor 664 He led the conquest of Egypt under Umar and governed it, expanding Islam into North Africa.[54]
49 Asma bint Abu Bakr Early convert, courier 692 She delivered supplies to Muhammad and Abu Bakr during the Hijrah from Mecca.[55]
50 Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan Governor, caliph 680 He served as a scribe for Muhammad, governed Syria under Umar, and founded the Umayyad caliphate after the First Fitna.[56]

List

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The companions listed are among the most well-known of all of Muhammad’s Sahaba; however, many more companions are recognized beyond those included here.

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I

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K

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L

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M

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N

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Q

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S

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T

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U

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Y

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "عدد الصحابة - الإسلام سؤال وجواب". islamqa.info (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  2. ^ Shahinda (2022-01-27). "10 Companions Who Were Promised Paradise". Iqra Online. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  3. ^ Ibn Hajar (2005). Al-Isaba fi Tamyiz al-Sahaba. Vol. 1. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya. p. 10.
  4. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 226–234, 686–688.
  5. ^ Al-Tabari (1996). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 14. Translated by Hawting, G. R. SUNY Press. pp. 12–45.
  6. ^ Al-Dhahabi (2001). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Vol. 2. Dar al-Hadith. pp. 577–610.
  7. ^ Ibn Sa’d (1960). Tabaqat al-Kubra. Vol. 3. Dar Sader. pp. 12–40.
  8. ^ Sahih al-Bukhari. Vol. 3. Book 48. No. 829.
  9. ^ Ibn Hajar (2001). Fath al-Bari. Vol. 7. Dar al-Fikr. p. 12.
  10. ^ Al-Tabari (1993). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 11. Translated by Blankinship, K. Y. SUNY Press. pp. 56–78.
  11. ^ Al-Dhahabi (2001). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Vol. 2. Dar al-Hadith. pp. 578–590.
  12. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 143–144.
  13. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 370–375.
  14. ^ Ibn Hajar (2005). Al-Isaba fi Tamyiz al-Sahaba. Vol. 4. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya. pp. 145–150.
  15. ^ Al-Dhahabi (2001). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Vol. 3. Dar al-Hadith. pp. 200–220.
  16. ^ Ibn Sa’d (1960). Tabaqat al-Kubra. Vol. 3. Dar Sader. pp. 214–220.
  17. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 315–320.
  18. ^ Al-Dhahabi (2001). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Vol. 1. Dar al-Hadith. pp. 98–105.
  19. ^ Al-Tabari (1992). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 12. Translated by Friedmann, Y. SUNY Press. pp. 34–50.
  20. ^ Al-Tabari (1993). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 11. Translated by Blankinship, K. Y. SUNY Press. pp. 120–135.
  21. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 111–114.
  22. ^ Al-Dhahabi (2001). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Vol. 3. Dar al-Hadith. pp. 390–400.
  23. ^ Ibn Hajar (2005). Al-Isaba fi Tamyiz al-Sahaba. Vol. 1. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya. pp. 230–235.
  24. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 279–280.
  25. ^ Al-Dhahabi (2001). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Vol. 2. Dar al-Hadith. pp. 250–255.
  26. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 496–498.
  27. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 294–295, 370–375.
  28. ^ Al-Dhahabi (2001). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Vol. 1. Dar al-Hadith. pp. 461–470.
  29. ^ Ibn Sa’d (1960). Tabaqat al-Kubra. Vol. 3. Dar Sader. pp. 487–490.
  30. ^ Sahih al-Bukhari. Vol. 6. Book 61. No. 525-526.
  31. ^ Birişik, Abdulhamit (2002). "KUR'AN". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 26 (Ki̇li̇ – Kütahya) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 383–388. ISBN 978-975-389-406-7.
  32. ^ Al-Tabari (1997). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 16. Translated by Brockett, A. SUNY Press. pp. 100–110.
  33. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 143–144.
  34. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 450–452.
  35. ^ Al-Dhahabi (2001). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Vol. 2. Dar al-Hadith. pp. 46–60.
  36. ^ Az-Zirakli, Khairuddin (2002). Al-A'lām (in Arabic). Vol. 7 (15 ed.). Beirut: Dar el-Ilm Lilmalayin. pp. 258–9. Archived from the original on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  37. ^ Sahih al-Bukhari. Vol. 6. Book 61. No. 525-526.
  38. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 272–273.
  39. ^ Al-Dhahabi (2001). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Vol. 2. Dar al-Hadith. pp. 360–370.
  40. ^ Al-Tabari (1993). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 10. Translated by Donner, F. M. SUNY Press. pp. 40–45.
  41. ^ Ibn Sa’d (1960). Tabaqat al-Kubra. Vol. 8. Dar Sader. pp. 223–225.
  42. ^ Al-Tabari (1992). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 12. Translated by Friedmann, Y. SUNY Press. pp. 60–65.
  43. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 531–533.
  44. ^ Ibn Hajar (2005). Al-Isaba fi Tamyiz al-Sahaba. Vol. 3. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya. pp. 90–92.
  45. ^ Al-Tabari (1997). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 16. Translated by Brockett, A. SUNY Press. pp. 120–125.
  46. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 305–310.
  47. ^ Al-Tabari (1993). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 11. Translated by Blankinship, K. Y. SUNY Press. pp. 140–145.
  48. ^ Sahih al-Bukhari. Vol. 4. Book 52. No. 47.
  49. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 597–600.
  50. ^ Al-Dhahabi (2001). Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Vol. 3. Dar al-Hadith. pp. 80–90.
  51. ^ Al-Tabari (1997). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 16. Translated by Brockett, A. SUNY Press. pp. 130–140.
  52. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 458–460.
  53. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 159–163, 531–533.
  54. ^ Al-Tabari (1992). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 12. Translated by Friedmann, Y. SUNY Press. pp. 150–180.
  55. ^ Ibn Hisham (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. Oxford University Press. pp. 226–228.
  56. ^ Al-Tabari (1995). The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 18. Translated by Morony, M. G. SUNY Press. pp. 1–100.
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