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List of Jewish temples

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The following is a list of temples associated with the Jewish religion throughout its history and development, including Yahwism. While in the modern day, Rabbinic Jews will refer to "The Temple", and state that temples other than the Jerusalem temple, especially outside Israel,[1] are invalid, during the era in which Judaism had temples, multiple existed concurrently.[2]

Temples Location Establishment Destruction/Decommission
Iron Age II temple in the City of David City of David 18th century BCE[3][better source needed], perhaps by Melchizedek.[4][better source needed][5][better source needed] 8th century BCE,[6][better source needed] likely as a result of Hezekiah's reforms.[7][better source needed][8]
Solomon's Temple Jerusalem 10th–8th century BCE; according to HB: by Solomon. 587 BC by the Babylonians.
Tel Motza temple Tel Motza 10th–9th century BCE.[9] Unclear, possibly existed into the 6th century BCE.[9]
Tel Arad temple Tel Arad 10th–7th century BCE.[10] Probably destroyed during Hezekiah's reforms.[11]
Bethel temple Bethel Sometime after 930 BCE. Partially destroyed by Jehu (c. 842–815 BC), with its destruction completed by Josiah c. 640–609 BC.
Tel Dan temple Dan Sometime after 930 BCE.[12] Unclear.
Elephantine temple Elephantine Island Unclear. Already extant by 525 BCE.[13][1] Unclear. Letter requesting to rebuild after destruction in 410 BCE[14] sent in 407 BCE.[15] Permission was granted.[14]
Second Temple Jerusalem Built by Zerubbabel, with dates given between 516 BCE and 350 BCE.[16] Refurbished and significantly expanded by Herod the Great around 18 BCE. 70 CE by the Romans.[16]
Samaritan temple Mount Gerizim 450 BCE.[17] 110 BCE by the Maccabees.[17]
Oniad temple Leontopolis Unclear, possibly as early as 168–167 BCE.[18] 73–74 CE by the Romans.

Also notable

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  • The old city of Beersheba had a horned altar, indicating it once likely had a temple.[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Ancient Jewish Community Elephantine". 2008-12-04. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  2. ^ Stavrakopoulou, Francesca; Barton, John (2010-04-15). Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-567-03216-4.
  3. ^ Shukron, Eli; Bin-Nun, Rabbi Dr. Yoel. "A Matzevah Temple from the Period of the Patriarchs in the City of Salem, Later the City of David". yoel-binnun.com blog. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  4. ^ "The OLDEST TEMPLE in Jerusalem | Eli Shukron on Melchizedek Temple". Youtube. "Living Passages" Christian biblical tour agency. 26 April 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  5. ^ Mitchell, Chris (10 July 2019). "Archaeologist Says a Stone Pillar in the City of David is Where Abraham Met Melchizedek". Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN). Retrieved 15 June 2025. CBN interview and site presentation by Eli Shukron.
  6. ^ Israel Antiquities Authority Official Channel (2025-01-13). A Study: A Structure in the City of David was Used for Ritual Practices, During First Temple. Retrieved 2025-06-26 – via YouTube.
  7. ^ "Ritual Complex Dating to First Temple Period Discovered in Jerusalem's City of David". Israel365. 14 January 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  8. ^ Fiske, Gavriel (14 January 2025). "In First, Researchers Find Where Jerusalemites Prayed before Temple Became Only Game in Town". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  9. ^ a b "Tel Moẓa Archaeological Excavation 2020". Moza. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  10. ^ "Tel Arad Temple - Madain Project (en)". madainproject.com. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  11. ^ Christopher Eames (June 3, 2020). "Ancient Israelite Cannabis Altar Points to King Ahaz's Worship". ArmstrongInstitute.org. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  12. ^ "Sacred Precinct Complex (Tel Dan) - Madain Project (en)". madainproject.com. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  13. ^ Mondriaan, M. E. "Anat-Yahu and the Jews at Elephantine" (PDF). Journal for Semitics.
  14. ^ a b Rosenberg, Stephen G. (March 2004). "The Jewish Temple at Elephantine". Near Eastern Archaeology. 67 (1): 4–13. doi:10.2307/4149987. ISSN 1094-2076. JSTOR 4149987. S2CID 162350945.
  15. ^ "Elephantine Papyri: Petition to Bagoas". Displaced Dynasties. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2024-02-14.[unreliable source?]
  16. ^ a b "Destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE". rpl.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  17. ^ a b Sauter, Megan (2023-09-17). "The Temple on Mount Gerizim—In the Bible and Archaeology". Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  18. ^ Piotrkowski, Meron. Priests in Exile. p. 38.
  19. ^ Barasso, Michele (2022-02-14). "Tel Be'er Sheva, City of the Patriarchs". Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
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