Könchek (Cuman)

Könchek (also spelled Konchak, Könchek, Končak; Russian/Ukrainian: Кончак; died 1187)^[1] was a Polovtsian khan of the 12th century.

Biography

Polovtses fighting Russian troops – illustration: Ivan Bilibin for *The Tale of Igor's Campaign*)

He was a son of Otrok and a grandson of Sharukan. In the second half of the 12th century, Könchek unified the Polovtsian tribes. Taking advantage of divisions among Russian princes, he made war against them in 1170 and 1180 by attacking the principalities of Kiev, Pereyaslavl, and Chernigov. His raids were particularly destructive along the Sula River.

In 1171, Könchek allied with Oleg II Svyatoslavich, the prince of Novgorod-Seversk, in fighting the other Russian princes, but in 1184, during an attack led against the principality of Kiev, his troops were beaten near the Khorol river by the prince Sviatoslav III. The following year, Könchek defeated the prince Igor Svyatoslavich, who was taken prisoner near the Kaiala River (possibly the modern Kalmius River).^[2] Igor's campaign against Könchek became the subject of an epic poem, The Tale of Igor's Campaign.

Könchek died in 1187. His daughter Svoboda ("Liberty" in Russian) married Vladimir III Igorevich, son of Igor, in 1188. In 1203, his son Yuri took Kiev as an ally of the prince Rurik Rostislavich who, chased from Kiev, recruited from the Polovts tribes to regain power. According to some arguments, Köten and Somogur were his sons, and he changed the old Cuman system of government whereby rulership went to the most senior tribal leader; he instead passed it on to his son Köten.^[3]

Legacy

Konchek appears as a character in the opera Prince Igor, by Alexander Borodin (1890). He appears in the Polovtsian Dances in that work.^[4]^[5]

References

^ Paul R. Magocsi, "A History of Ukraine," University of Toronto Press, 1996, p. 82. ISBN 0802078206
^ Volodymyr Kubijovyc, editor. Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Volume II: G-K University of Toronto Press, 758 pages, 1988 ISBN 1442651180, ISBN 9781442651180
^ Nicolle, David; Shpakovsky, Victor (2001). Kalka River 1223: Genghiz Khan's Mongols Invade Russia. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-233-3.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Taruskin, Richard (2008). "Prince Igor". The Grove Book of Operas. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530907-2.
^ Craine, Debra; Mackrell, Judith (1 January 2010). "Prince Igor". The Oxford Dictionary of Dance. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956344-9.

Bibliography

Martin Dimnik, The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1146–1246, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Boris Grekov, Aleksandr Yakubovsky, The Golden Horde and Russia: Tatar rule in the XIII and XIV of the Yellow Sea to the Black Sea'. Translated from Russian by François Thuret, Payot, 1961.
Novgorod First Chronicle

External links

"Konchak", Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine , vol. 2, 1989.

[1] Paul R. Magocsi, "A History of Ukraine," University of Toronto Press, 1996, p. 82. ISBN 0802078206

[2] Volodymyr Kubijovyc, editor. Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Volume II: G-K University of Toronto Press, 758 pages, 1988 ISBN 1442651180, ISBN 9781442651180

[NicolleShpakovsky_2001-3] Nicolle, David; Shpakovsky, Victor (2001). Kalka River 1223: Genghiz Khan's Mongols Invade Russia. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-233-3.^{[permanent dead link]}

[4] Taruskin, Richard (2008). "Prince Igor". The Grove Book of Operas. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530907-2.

[5] Craine, Debra; Mackrell, Judith (1 January 2010). "Prince Igor". The Oxford Dictionary of Dance. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956344-9.

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