2025 Pacific hurricane season
2025 Pacific hurricane season | |
---|---|
![]() Season summary map | |
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | May 28, 2025 |
Last system dissipated | Season ongoing |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Erick |
• Maximum winds | 145 mph (230 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 939 mbar (hPa; 27.73 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 6 |
Total storms | 6 |
Hurricanes | 3 |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 2 |
Total fatalities | 25 |
Total damage | > $289 million (2025 USD) |
Related articles | |
The 2025 Pacific hurricane season is the current Pacific hurricane season for the Northern Hemisphere. The season officially began on May 15, 2025, in the eastern Pacific basin (east of 140°W), and on June 1, 2025, in the central Pacific (between 140°W and the International Date Line); both will end on November 30, 2025. These dates, adopted by convention, describe the period in each year when most subtropical or tropical cyclogenesis occurs in these regions of the Pacific Ocean.
In contrast to last season, which was the latest starting Pacific hurricane season in the satellite era, there were multiple early season storms this year.[1] Tropical Storm Alvin was the first system of the season. It formed off the coast of southern Mexico on May 28, and remained over the open waters of the Eastern Pacific. Five systems formed in June, two of which became major hurricanes. Hurricane Erick became the earliest major hurricane to make landfall on either coast of Mexico (Pacific or Atlantic). Erick caused at least US$250 million in damage and 23 fatalities in southwestern Mexico. It was followed by Hurricane Flossie, which passed near the coast of southwestern Mexico, resulting in flooding and property damage.
Seasonal forecasts
[edit]Record | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average (1991–2020): | 15 | 8 | 4 | [2] | |
Record high activity: | 1992: 27 | 2015: 16 | 2015: 11 | [3] | |
Record low activity: | 2010: 8 | 2010: 3 | 2003: 0 | [3] | |
Date | Source | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref |
May 7, 2025 | SMN | 16–20 | 8–11 | 4–6 | [4] |
May 22, 2025 | NOAA | 12–18 | 5–10 | 2–5 | [5] |
Actual activity: | EPAC | 6 | 3 | 2 | |
Actual activity: | CPAC | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Actual combined activity: | 6 | 3 | 2 |
In advance of each Pacific hurricane season, forecasts of hurricane activity are issued by forecasters from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Prediction Center, and Mexico's Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN). The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the amount of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular season.[2]
According to NOAA, the average Pacific hurricane season between 1991 and 2020 contained about 15 named storms, 8 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes (Category 3 and higher), as well as an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of 80–115 units. Broadly speaking, ACE is the measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical cyclone multiplied by the length of time it existed. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical or subtropical cyclones reaching wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h) or higher. NOAA typically describes a season as above-average, average, or below-average depending on the cumulative ACE index, but the number of tropical storms, hurricanes or major hurricanes can also be considered.[2]
On May 7, 2025, SMN issued its first outlook for the Pacific hurricane season, forecasting an above average season with 16–20 named storms, 8–11 hurricanes, and 4–6 major hurricanes.[4] On May 22, NOAA released its outlook for the eastern Pacific, which calls for a near-average season with 12 to 18 named storms, 5 to 10 hurricanes, and 2 to 5 major hurricanes, citing a continued neutral phase, the unlikelihood of an El Niño, and the possibility of La Niña in the summer.[5] This increases vertical wind shear in the basin and slightly reduces sea surface temperatures, thus favoring mild to moderate tropical cyclone activity. Furthermore, many global computer models predicted a negative Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), a phase of a multi-decadal cycle that favored the continuation of much warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures, which had been occurring since 2021, unlike the 1991-2020 period, which generally featured below-normal activity.[2]
Seasonal summary
[edit]
Background
[edit]Officially, the 2025 Pacific hurricane season began on May 15 in the Eastern Pacific, on June 1 in the Central Pacific, and both will end on November 30.[6] So far, six tropical cyclones have formed, all of which became named storms. Three of those storms strengthened into hurricanes, with two intensifying into a major hurricane.
This season's ACE index, as of July 3, is approximately 24.0 units, as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the NHC.[7] This number represents sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed (knots) for all named storms while they are at least tropical storm intensity, divided by 10,000.
Early season
[edit]Activity within the Eastern Pacific began with the formation and development of Tropical Storm Alvin on May 28, two weeks after the official start of the season, but nearly two weeks earlier than the average formation date of the basin's first named storm.[8] Alvin persisted off the coast of Mexico for a few days before degenerating into a remnant low on May 31.[9] The pace of activity quickened in early June. Two storms, Hurricane Barbara and Tropical Storm Cosme, formed on June 8, off the coast of southwestern Mexico.[1]
Next came Tropical Storm Dalila, which formed near the coast of southern Mexico on June 13.[10] Hurricane Erick followed early on June 17, off the coast of southern Mexico.[11] Erick was the earliest major hurricane on record to make landfall on either coast of Mexico (Pacific or Atlantic); the previous Pacific coast record was set by Hurricane Kiko on August 26, 1989.[12][13] Next came Hurricane Flossie on June 29,[14] which became a Category 3 hurricane off the southwestern coast of Mexico[15] Dalila, Erick and Flossie became the earliest fourth, fifth, and sixth named storms respectively in the Eastern Pacific since official naming of storms began there in 1960.[16]
Systems
[edit]Tropical Storm Alvin
[edit]Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | May 28 – May 31 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 999 mbar (hPa) |
On May 25, an area of low pressure developed south of the coast of southern Mexico.[17] On the afternoon of May 28, the low developed into Tropical Depression One‑E.[18] The depression became more organized around the center and strengthened into Tropical Storm Alvin the next morning.[19] The storm continued to become better organized throughout the day, due to moving toward the northwest within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and low wind shear, causing its sustained winds to increase to 60 mph (95 km/h).[20] Early on May 30, the storm moved into an increasingly hostile environment with increasing wind shear and decreasing SSTs, causing it to weaken.[21] Later, on the morning of May 31, Alvin degenerated into a remnant low while approaching the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula.[9]
The precursor to Alvin caused strong winds and heavy rain in El Salvador and Chiapas. In El Salvador, multiple buildings were damaged and over 50 people were injured. In Chiapas, flooding killed one person.[22] Agricultural losses in Emiliano Zapata were estimated at Mex$310,000 (US$16,000).[23] In Greater Mexico City, remnant moisture from Alvin caused heavy rainfall and flash flooding in Coacalco de Berriozábal and Los Reyes La Paz. Numerous vehicles and roads were damaged by floodwaters. In Los Reyes La Paz, a group of people in a car were swept away by floodwaters.[24] Alvin also generated heavy rainfall over Mexico City. These rains disrupted the Mexico City Metro and other public transportation lines.[25] Additionally, remnant moisture from Alvin also reached the Southwestern United States.[26]
Hurricane Barbara
[edit]Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 8 – June 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); 991 mbar (hPa) |
On June 4, a trough of low pressure formed off the coast of southern Mexico.[27] Two days later, showers and thunderstorms associated with the low gradually increased near the Gulf of Tehuantepec.[28] By the morning of June 8, a closed and well-defined low-level circulation had developed within the disturbance, marking the formation of Tropical Storm Barbara.[29] Barbara steadily strengthened into the next day, and by 14:00 UTC on June 9, had become a minimal Category 1 hurricane, while located about 155 mi (250 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Colima.[30] Later that same day, however, the system weakened, and fell below hurricane strength.[31] Then, on June 10, as Barbara moved through cooler waters and into a less favorable atmospheric environment, its deep convection diminished considerably,[32] and by late that same day, it had degenerated to a remnant low.[33]
Tropical Storm Cosme
[edit]Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 8 – June 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min); 992 mbar (hPa) |
On June 6, a broad area of low pressure formed along the western side of an elongated trough south of Mexico.[34] Showers and thunderstorms associated with the low became considerably better organized early on June 8, resulting in the formation of Tropical Depression Three-E.[35] Moving slowly northwestward, the system soon strengthened into Tropical Storm Cosme.[36] Cosme continued to intensify, and by the afternoon of June 9, was nearing hurricane strength, with sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h).[37] Additional strengthening was stifled, however, and Cosme began weakening the following morning, due to the effects of moderate northeasterly wind shear and the presence of Barbara to the northeast.[38] Ultimately, all deep convection ceased, and the storm degenerated to a remnant low early on June 11.[39]
Tropical Storm Dalila
[edit]Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 13 – June 15 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 993 mbar (hPa) |
On June 10, a broad area of low pressure located several hundred miles south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec.[40] Showers and thunderstorms associated with the low increased the following day and later began showing signs of organization, though its low-level circulation remained broad and elongated. Due to the increasing likelihood of the system developing into a tropical storm, and its proximity to coastal Mexico, the NHC designated it Potential Tropical Cyclone Four‑E at 21:00 UTC on June 12.[41] The system gradually became better organized, developing into Tropical Depression Four‑E,[42] then soon strengthening into Tropical Storm Dalila at 18:00 UTC on June 13, about 195 mi (315 km) south of Zihuatanejo, Guerrero.[43] The storm continued to gain strength the following day near the coast of southwestern Mexico, its sustained winds reaching 65 mph (100 km/h) that afternoon.[44] However, on the morning of June 15, Dalila began weakening,[45] and it became a remnant low late that day.[46]
Dalila brought high winds and flooding to coastal southwestern Mexico. Mudslides, road washouts, fallen trees, and roof collapses were reported in several municipalities of Guerrero, primarily in and around Acapulco.[47] Power outages were reported in Guerrero.[48] Dangerous rip currents and surf conditions also affected much of Mexico's Pacific coast.[49] Businesses in Acapulco suffered losses of Mex$750 million (US$39.4 million).[50]
Hurricane Erick
[edit]Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 17 – June 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 145 mph (230 km/h) (1-min); 939 mbar (hPa) |
On June 14, a broad area of low pressure, associated with a tropical wave, formed off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica.[51] Showers and thunderstorms associated with the low became better organized over the next couple of days, and the NHC designated it Potential Tropical Cyclone Five‑E at 21:00 UTC on June 16.[52] The system soon acquired a well-defined circulation, developing into Tropical Depression Five‑E.[53] The depression then strengthened into Tropical Storm Erick the next morning.[54] The storm tracked northwestward through the day, while becoming increasingly better-organized. Deep convection expanded, and cloud tops cooled to about −120 °F (−85 °C) near the improving inner-core structure.[55] Erick rapidly intensified into a Category 1 hurricane[12] around 12:00 UTC on June 18, about 160 mi (255 km) south-southeast of Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca.[56] Rapid intensification continued, and with data collected from a Hurricane Hunter flight, the NHC upgraded Erick to category 2 strength a few hours later.[12] Then, after another Hurricane Hunter flight, the storm was upgraded once more, becoming a Category 3 major hurricane at 00:00 UTC on June 19.[57] Later, as Erick approached the coast of Mexico, the storm reached its peak intensity, with Category 4 sustained winds of 145 mph (230 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 939 mb (27.73 inHg).[58][59] Then, shortly before 12:00 UTC, Erick made landfall in extreme western Oaxaca, about 20 mi (30 km) east of Punta Maldonado, Guerrero, with sustained winds of 125 mph (200 km/h).[60] Inland, the hurricane rapidly weakened as its inner core began to collapse.[13] Moving northwestward over rugged terrain, the inner core continued to deteriorate, and the system's overall convective pattern became quite ragged. Consequently, Erick weakened to tropical storm strength by 21:00 UTC.[61] Later that same day, the storm weakened to a tropical depression, and then dissipated.[62]
Losses in Oaxaca reached Mex$2 billion (US$105 million),[63] while losses in Acapulco reached Mex$1.878 billion (US$99 million).[64]
Hurricane Flossie
[edit]Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 29 – July 3 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min); 962 mbar (hPa) |
On June 23, a broad area of low pressure formed off the Pacific coast of Central America.[65] After several days within favorable environment, the shower and thunderstorm activity associated with the disturbance become much better organized on June 28, and Tropical Depression Six-E formed early the next morning, when the low developed a well-defined, closed low-level circulation with maximum winds around 30 mph (45 km/h).[66] Convection continued to become better organized, with curved banding to the north of the center a few hours later, marking the formation of Tropical Storm Flossie that same day.[67] Flossie steadily gained strength on June 30, amid a favorable environment of low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures of about 84 to 86 °F (29 to 30 °C),[68] the storm attained hurricane strength late that day, about 175 mi (280 km) south of Manzanillo, Colima.[69] The system continued to rapidly intensify on July 1, becoming a Category 3 major hurricane by day's end.[70] The next morning, Flossie's eye became more ragged and the northern eyewall started to deteriorate, weakening the system to Category 2 strength.[71] Flossie's structure continued to degrade, and, early on July 3, it weakened to a tropical storm.[72] Then, having moved over colder sea surface temperatures southwest of Baja California Sur, the storm lost all convection,[73] and transitioned into a post-tropical low that afternoon.[74]
Flooding, fallen trees, land slides, and minor property damage was reported in Michoacán.[75][76] Similar damage was reported in the neighboring states of Guerrero, and Colima. In Manzanillo, Colima, a man drowned after being swept away by rough surf.[77][78]
Storm names
[edit]The following list of names is being used for named storms that form in the North Pacific Ocean east of 140°W during 2025.[79] This is the same list used in the 2019 season.
|
|
|
For storms that form in the North Pacific from 140°W to the International Date Line, the names come from a series of four rotating lists. Names are used one after the other without regard to year, and when the bottom of one list is reached, the next named storm receives the name at the top of the next list.[79] Any named storms that form within the area in 2025 will be listed below. Named storms in the table above that cross into the area during the season are noted (*).
Season effects
[edit]This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 2025 Pacific hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, intensities, areas affected, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2025 USD.
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Storm name |
Dates active | Storm category at peak intensity |
Max 1-min wind mph (km/h) |
Min. press. (mbar) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Ref(s). | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alvin | May 28–31 | Tropical storm | 60 (95) | 999 | Central America, Baja California Peninsula, Western Mexico | >$16,000 | 1 | |||
Barbara | June 8–11 | Category 1 hurricane | 75 (120) | 991 | Southwestern Mexico | None | None | |||
Cosme | June 8–11 | Tropical storm | 70 (110) | 992 | None | None | None | |||
Dalila | June 13–15 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 993 | Southwestern Mexico | $39.4 million | None | |||
Erick | June 17–20 | Category 4 hurricane | 145 (230) | 939 | Central America, Southern Mexico, Southwestern Mexico | >$250 million | 23 | [80][81] | ||
Flossie | June 29 – July 3 | Category 3 hurricane | 115 (185) | 962 | Southwestern Mexico, Revillagigedo Islands | Minimal | 1 | [77] | ||
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
6 systems | May 28 – Season ongoing | 145 (230) | 939 | >$289 million | 25 |
See also
[edit]- Weather of 2025
- Tropical cyclones in 2025
- 2025 Atlantic hurricane season
- 2025 Pacific typhoon season
- 2025 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2024–25, 2025-26
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2024–25, 2025-26
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2024–25, 2025-26
References
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- ^ Beven, Jack (July 3, 2025). Tropical Storm Flossie Discussion Number 18 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 3, 2025.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (July 3, 2025). Post-Tropical Cyclone Flossie Discussion Number 19 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 3, 2025.
- ^ Torres, Verónica (July 2, 2025). "Michoacán, con inundaciones y caída de árboles tras paso de "Flossie": PC" [Michoacán, with flooding and fallen trees after passage of "Flossie":PC]. Mi Morelia.com (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2025.
- ^ Martínez, Ernesto (July 1, 2025). "Se registran inundaciones en Lázaro Cárdenas tras paso de 'Flossie'" [Floods are recorded in Lázaro Cárdenas after the passage of 'Flossie']. La Jornada (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved July 2, 2025.
- ^ a b Vargas, Claudio (July 3, 2025). "Tormenta tropical "Flossie" se aleja y pierde intensidad en el Pacífico" [Tropical storm "Flossie" moves away and loses intensity in the Pacific]. La Silla Rota (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved July 3, 2025.
- ^ Lara, Josimar (July 2, 2025). "Sin mayores daños en Michoacán, por paso de "Flossie": gobernador" [No major damage in Michoacán, by passage of "Flossie": governor]. Mi Morelia.com (in Spanish). Retrieved July 3, 2025.
- ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Names". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
- ^ "Arévalo pide estar alertas por lluvias en Guatemala y paso de huracán". Prensa Latina (in Spanish). June 18, 2025. Retrieved June 19, 2025.
- ^ "Global Catastrophe Recap First Half (1H) of 2025" (PDF). aon.com. July 15, 2025. Retrieved July 15, 2025.
External links
[edit]- National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center (website)
- Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (website, in Spanish)
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center (website)