Jump to content

Hrœrekr Ringslinger

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Hrœrekr slöngvanbaugi)

Hrœrekr Ringslinger or Ringscatterer[1] (Old Norse: Hrærekr slöngvanbaugi, Old Danish: Rørik Slængeborræ or Rørik Slyngebond) was a legendary king of Zealand or Denmark, who appears in Gesta Danorum, Gesta Danorum på danskæ, Sögubrot, Njáls saga, Hversu Noregr byggðist, Skjöldunga saga, Bjarkarímur, and Hrólfs saga kraka. Connection with such historical figures such as Horik I, who ruled Denmark around 854 for a dozen or so years, or the founder of the Rurik dynasty is fraught with difficulty.

The Danish and the West Norse traditions have little more in common than his name, his title, and his living within a few generations of Hrólfr Kraki. In the Danish tradition, he is described as the grandfather of Prince Hamlet.

Name

[edit]

The name Slængeborræ in Gesta Danorum på danskæ is a corruption of Slænganbøghe, which is the Old East Norse form of Old West Norse slöngvanbaugi meaning "ring slinger", i.e. a king who was generous with his gold.[2] Saxo's version Slyngebond means "bracelet slinger" and the motivation Saxo gives is strikingly different (see below).

Danish tradition

[edit]

Brevis historia regum Dacie

[edit]

In Brevis historia regum Dacie by Sven Aggesen, he is mentioned briefly as Rokil, who has the surname Slagenback. In this version, he is the son of Rolf Kraki and the father of Frothi the Bold.

Gesta Danorum

[edit]

The Gesta Danorum (book 3) by Saxo Grammaticus makes Rørik Slyngebond the son of Höðr (Høther), a mortal king of Sweden and Denmark. When Odin's son Boe had killed Höðr, the Swedes, the Curonians and the Slavs rebelled against Denmark (Saxo patriotically ignores the fact that he had previously given Höðr as a prince of Sweden who ruled Denmark) and attacked Rørik.

When the Slavic and Danish forces met, a Slavic wizard suggested that instead of having a large battle and lose a great many lives, two men should meet in a duel. If the Slav won, the tribute would be cancelled, but if the Dane won, the tribute would be paid as in the old days. A Dane asked Rørik what the reward would be for the Danish champion if he won the fight. Rørik promised a chain of six laced bracelets. The Dane entered the duel but was defeated and died.

The next day, the winning Slavic champion was emboldened by his victory and asked if there was a second Dane who wanted to meet him in combat. A warrior named Ubbe who was both strong and skilled in seiðr asked Rørik what the prize would be if he killed the Slav. Once again Rørik promised the chain of bracelets. The Dane asked Rørik if he would leave the chain of bracelets to a third trustworthy man, so that he could not change his mind when the Danish champion had won. Rørik agreed, but the man who would take the chain was on another ship, and when Rørik threw the chain of bracelets across, he underestimated the distance and so the chain fell into the water, and was lost forever. This gave Rørik the cognomen Slyngebond (sling-bracelets). However, Ubbe decided to take the challenge anyway. In the duel both champions died, but the Slavs were impressed and agreed to continue paying the tribute.

Rørik appointed Horwendil and Feng as the rulers of Jutland. Horwendil spent a great deal of time pillaging and won so much fame that Rørik gave him his daughter Gerutha (Gertrude) who bore him the son Amleth (Hamlet).

When Rørik died, he was succeeded by Wiglek.

Gesta Danorum på danskæ

[edit]

The Gesta Danorum på danskæ, an Old Danish work based partly on Saxo and on the earlier Chronicon Lethrense, agrees with the Gesta Danorum by making Rørik the son of an earthly Hother who killed Balder, Odin's son, in battle. Höðr was himself killed by Odin's son Both.

Rørik Slængeborræ was a victorious king who conquered Courland, Wendland and Sweden and made them pay tribute to him. He was also surnamed Rake (the Proud). He appointed Orwendel and Feng as the commanders of Jutland and gave his sister to Orwendel. The sister and Orwendel were the parents of Amblothe (Hamlet). Rørik was succeeded by his son Wighlek.

West Norse tradition

[edit]

The Norwegian and Icelandic tradition only mentions Hrœrekr in relation to the Scanian chieftain Ivar Vidfamne who made himself the ruler of both Denmark and Sweden. There is no information on his parentage, nor any Hamlet. In these sources, Hrœrekr is only the king of Zealand, Skåne and Jutland being in the hands of other rulers.

Sögubrot

[edit]

Sögubrot relates that when Ivar Vidfamne was the king of Sweden, he gave his daughter Auðr the Deep-Minded to Hrœrekr, even though she wanted to marry Hrœrekr's brother Helgi the Sharp. Hrœrekr and Auðr then had the son Harald Wartooth. Ivar told Hrærekr that Auðr was unfaithful with his brother Helgi. The ruse worked and Hrœrekr killed his brother, after which Ivar attacked and killed Hrœrekr too. However, Auðr arrived with the Zealand army and chased her father Ivar back to Sweden. The following year, Auðr went to Garðaríki with her son Harald and many powerful men and married its king Raðbarðr. This was the opportunity for Ivar to conquer Zealand.

Sögubrot adds a second Hrœrekr slöngvanbaugi who was the son of Harald Wartooth, and consequently named after his grandfather.

Njals saga

[edit]

Njals saga only mentions Hrœrekr Slöngvanbaugi as an ancestor of a man named Valgarðr. It tells that he was the father of Harald Wartooth, and then it states that Harald's mother was Auðr, the daughter of Ivar Vidfamne, the son of Halfdan the Valiant. It does not mention whether Hrœrekr was married to Auðr, but assumes that the reader is familiar with their story.

Hyndluljóð

[edit]

In the poem Hyndluljóð the goddess Freyja meets the völva Hyndla and they ride together towards Valhalla. Freyja rides on her boar Hildisvíni and Hyndla on a wolf. Their mission is to find out the pedigree of Óttarr so that he can touch his inheritance, and the lay consists mostly of Hyndla reciting a number of names from Óttarr's ancestry, among them Hrærekr's in stanza 28.

Haraldr hilditönn
borinn Hræreki
slöngvanbauga,
sonr var hann Auðar,
Auðr djúpúðga
Ívars dóttir,
en Ráðbarðr var
Randvers faðir;
þeir váru gumnar
goðum signaðir;
allt er þat ætt þín,
Óttarr heimski.[3]
Harald Battle-tooth
of Auth was born,
Hrörek the Ring-giver
her husband was;
Auth the Deep-minded
was Ivar's daughter,
But Rathbarth the father
of Randver was:
And all are thy kinsmen,
Ottar, thou fool![4]

Hversu Noregr byggðist

[edit]

Hversu Noregr byggðist, agrees with Sögubrot by giving Hrœrekr as the father of Harald Wartooth. It also adds that he had the son Randver, the father of the Swedish and Danish king Sigurd Hring. However, other sources disagree with Hversu (Sögubrot and the Lay of Hyndla says that Randver's father was Raðbarðr, whereas Hervarar saga says that it was Valdar).

Skjôldunga saga

[edit]

Here, Rørik is the son of Ingjald Frodason (Ingeld), and the half brother of king Halfdan in Lejre, the father of Hroðgar. Ingeld kills Halfdan, and takes his wife as his own. Rørik is the result of this union. The name Slöngvanbaugi is connected to an incident where he threw some rings into the ocean (the ring-slinger).

Hrólfs saga kraka

[edit]

In Hrólfs saga kraka, Hrókr is the nephew of Hróarr and Helgi (the son of their elder sister Signý and her husband Sævil jarl). Oscar L. Olson said that "Hrok [from Hrólfs saga] and Hrörik [from Skjöldunga saga] are the same person."[5]

In this version, Hrókr is described as a vicious and greedy man. For the support that Signý and her husband Sævil offered to put Hróarr and Helgi on the throne, Hrókr goes to Helgi and demands either a third of the lands of Denmark or the good ring that was the best of his treasures, not knowing that Helgi had already given the ring to Hróarr in exchange for his renouncing his claim to Denmark. Hrókr then visited Hróarr in Northumbria, where Hróarr was now king, and while they were sailing together he asked for the good ring. When Hróarr wouldn't part with it, Hrókr instead asked merely to see the ring, and when it was placed in his hands he hurled it into the sea so that nobody could enjoy it. In revenge, Hróarr has Hrókr's feet lopped off, but the stumps heal over. Hrókr leads an army against Hróarr and kills him, before taking over the kingship of Northumbria and attempting to seduce Hróarr's widow, Ögn. Ögn put him off until she could give birth to her son by Hróarr, and in this time she sought aid from Helgi in Denmark. Helgi gathered an army and fought Hrókr, taking him captive, then breaking his arms and legs and sending him home to live in agony and ignominy.[6]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "The translation of the name found in Njal's saga". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-12-06.
  2. ^ See Tunstall's comment on his translation Archived 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ^ Guðni Jónsson's edition with normalized spelling.
  4. ^ Bellow's translation.
  5. ^ "Hrok and Hrörik are the same person. According to the Hrólfssaga, he is the son of Sævil and Signy. Olrik has about a page of comment on him [in Danmarks Heltedigtning, by Axel Olrik, vol. I, 1903, pp. 173-174], in which he shows that he (Hrethric, Hrothgar's son, in Beowulf) was originally regarded as Hroar's son, but, for reasons that need not here be rehearsed, became a fluctuating character. The Skjọldungasaga has made him the son of Ingjald."
    OLSON, O. L. (1916). "THE RELATION OF THE HRÓLFS SAGA KRAKA AND THE BJARKARÍMUR TO BEOWULF". Publications of the Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study, 3(1), 1–104.
  6. ^ Hrólfs saga kraka English translation by Peter Tunstall, sections 11 and 12
[edit]
Legendary titles
Preceded by Kings of Denmark (according to Gesta Danorum) Succeeded by
Unknown King of Zealand Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrœrekr_Ringslinger&oldid=1292318925"