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Hulk (footballer)

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(Redirected from Givanildo Vieira De Souza)
In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Vieira and the second or paternal family name is de Sousa.

Hulk
Hulk playing for Zenit Saint Petersburg in 2015
Personal information
Full name Givanildo Vieira de Sousa[1]
Date of birth (1986-07-25) 25 July 1986 (age 39)
Place of birth Campina Grande, Brazil
Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)[2]
Position(s) Forward
Team information
Current team
 Atlético Mineiro
Number 7
Youth career
1998–2000 Serrano-PB
2000 Campinense
2001–2002 Vilanovense
2002 São Paulo
2003–2004 Vitória
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
2004–2006 Vitória 2 (0)
2005–2006 → Kawasaki Frontale (loan) 9 (1)
2006–2008 Kawasaki Frontale 2 (0)
2006–2007 → Consadole Sapporo (loan) 38 (25)
2006–2007 → Tokyo Verdy (loan) 42 (37)
2007–2008 Tokyo Verdy 11 (7)
2008–2012 Porto 99 (54)
2012–2016 Zenit Saint Petersburg 97 (56)
2016–2020 Shanghai SIPG 100 (51)
2021– Atlético Mineiro 180 (97)
International career‡
2012 Brazil Olympic (O.P.) 6 (1)
2009–2021 Brazil 49 (11)
Medal record
Representing  Brazil
Men's football
FIFA Confederations Cup
Winner 2013 Brazil
Olympic Games
Silver medal – second place 2012 London Team
* Club domestic league appearances and goals as of 03:56, 28 July 2025 (UTC)
‡ National team caps and goals as of 9 September 2021

Givanildo Vieira de Sousa (born 25 July 1986), also known as Hulk (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁuwki]), is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Atlético Mineiro.

After starting out professionally with Vitória and then playing three years in Japan, he played several seasons in Portugal with Porto, winning ten titles – including the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League and three national championships. He was crowned the league's top scorer once. In 2012, he joined Russian Premier League side Zenit Saint Petersburg for €60 million, winning all three domestic honours and being named the competition's best player and being top scorer, once each. He was transferred to Shanghai SIPG for an Asian record €58.6 million in 2016.

Hulk made his international debut in 2009, and played for Brazil at the 2012 Summer Olympics as one of the three permitted over-age players. He went on to represent the Brazilian senior team in their 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup victory and fourth-place finish at the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

He is described by FIFA's official website as "a direct powerhouse of a centre- or wide-forward who knows his way around the box".[3] He is strongly built for a footballer and acquired his nickname from his father, who was a fan of the 1970s Incredible Hulk television series starring Lou Ferrigno.[4]

Club career

[edit]

Early career

[edit]

Born in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Hulk started playing professionally with Esporte Clube Vitória in Salvador, Bahia, where he signed his first professional contract with the club at age 16.[5] While progressing through the Esporte Clube Vitória's youth system, Hulk played in a left winger, midfielder, forward and fullback.[5] Hulk then went on loan to Japan to play for Kawasaki Frontale after catching the eye of a representative from Kawasaki Frontale.[6] Despite having been purchased on 15 January 2006,[7] Hulk was loaned to second division Consadole Sapporo, effective on 1 February,[7] where he played all the 2006 season and scored 25 goals, one less than the top scorer.

In 2007, he was loaned again to a second division team, Tokyo Verdy,[8] where he was even more effective, scoring 37 goals in 42 matches and being the top goal scorer of the season. He briefly returned[9] to Kawasaki in 2008 and rejoined Verdy[10] after only 18 matches.

Porto

[edit]

After Hulk's stay in Japan, he moved to Portugal to join defending champions Porto,[11] who purchased 50% of his playing rights for €5.5 million from Uruguayan side Rentistas,[12] with the transfer fee being received by an unnamed investor.

When Moroccan teammate Tarik Sektioui suffered an injury, Hulk was given an opportunity to play forward and scored his first official domestic league goal for Porto in a 2–0 home win against C.F. Os Belenenses, later adding against F.C. Paços de Ferreira (same venue and result), both as a second-half substitute. As the season advanced, he became an undisputed starter, forming an attacking trio with Cristian Rodríguez and Lisandro López, with the trio often shifting positions. After some stellar performances in the season's UEFA Champions League, he was elected as one of the Top 10 Rising Stars by UEFA.com.[13] In late August 2009, he extended his contract to June 2014, with a buy-out clause increased to €100 million.[14]

In the 2009–10 season, Hulk established as an automatic first-choice. However, following a tunnel brawl during the league loss against S.L. Benfica (1–0) on 20 December 2009, he received a four-month ban (if the disciplinary hearing upheld the ban, he faced up to three years on the sidelines), only for the domestic competitions, as did his teammate Cristian Săpunaru.[15] The ban was later reduced to four matches, and the player returned to league action on 28 March 2010 after missing 3 months and 18 matches, scoring in a 3–0 win at Belenenses.[16] One week later, he also scored in a 4–1 home victory over C.S. Marítimo.[17] With six less matches played than the previous season, he ended with five league goals.

Hulk playing for Porto in 2010

Hulk started the 2010–11 season scoring 16 times in his first 16 official matches, including a hat-trick against K.R.C. Genk in the UEFA Europa League play-off stage, on 26 August 2010 (4–2 home win, 7–2 on aggregate).[18] From September to January, he won the Portuguese Championship Player of the Month, making him the only player to have won the award six times. On 7 November 2010, he scored the last two goals as Porto trounced Benfica 5–0 at home, creating a ten-point difference between the two teams,[19] with the northerners leading the league, and eventually winning it, with the player leading the goalscoring charts.

On 13 May 2011, Porto paid €13.5 million to Rentistas for another 40% of Hulk's playing rights, bringing their total stake to 85% (Porto sold back 5% after renewing his contract in 2009), with the player signing a new contract valid until 2016 and with a buy-out clause of €100 million.[20][21] He finished the season with 36 goals in 53 official matches, with his team winning four major titles, including a league/cup double.

On 7 April 2012, Hulk scored the solitary goal as Porto defeated S.C. Braga away to go four points clear at the top of the Primeira Liga table.[22] He scored six goals in the following three matches, including a brace in a 2–0 home defeat of Sporting CP,[23] and finished the 2011–12 season with 16 league goals as his team won another national championship. In May 2012, he was voted the Player of the Month for April for a record sixth time,[24] and he added 11 assists, a competition best.

On 17 February 2014, Hulk was ordered to pay a €45,000 fine for assaulting two stewards at the Estádio da Luz.[25][26][27]

Zenit

[edit]

On 3 September 2012, Hulk completed a transfer of €60 million, with Porto receiving €40 million,[fn 1] to Russian Premier League club FC Zenit Saint Petersburg, reuniting with former Porto teammate Bruno Alves.[28] This transfer fee caused a lot of debate and a great stir since Mitrofanov, General director from Zenit denied publicly.[30] Russian media R-Sport even claimed that Mitrofanov had shown the media the sales contract and the fee on the contract was €40 million and not €60 million.[31] However, Porto also confirmed in its unaudited quarterly report in Q1 2012–13 that the club did not pay for third parties ownership (15%), agent fee nor solidarity contribution (5%), which all normally included in the transfer fee, as in the case of Radamel Falcao.[32] Hulk scored his first goal for his new club in only his second league match, against FC Krylia Sovetov Samara, finding the net with a trademark shot from outside the box in a 2–2 away draw.[33]

In the second half of September, media speculation reported that teammates Igor Denisov and Aleksandr Kerzhakov were unsatisfied with Hulk's wage, and that they demanded renegotiation of their contracts. As a result, they were sent to the youth squad.[34] Denisov replied in an interview with Sport Express stating that his stand-off with club management was over "the proper organisation of the team. And respect for the Russian players which Zenit has always relied upon".[33] A few days after the feud, he scored and assisted in a 2–1 win against FC Baltika Kaliningrad for the fifth round of the Russian Cup. A few weeks later, he scored his first Champions League goal for Zenit and provided an assist in a 3–2 loss against A.C. Milan in the second matchday of group stage.

Hulk playing for Zenit Saint Petersburg in 2015

After falling out with head coach Luciano Spalletti, Hulk declared he was seeking to leave the club in January. However, FIFA regulations ban players from playing for more than two clubs in a season, forcing him to stay in Russia at least until June 2013.[35] Eventually, he revealed he made amends with the club's management and that things have been resolved.[36] In a 3–1 loss against the Ukrainian side of Shakhtar Donetsk, he suffered a head injury after falling under a challenge and connecting his head with a Shakhtar defender's studs in the second half. He was then taken to a local Dubai hospital.[37] Following Zenit's third-place finish in the Champions League group stage, the club entered into the Europa League. He scored a goal in each leg of Zenit's knockout phase match to eliminate English side Liverpool from the Europa League in the round of 32 by away goals, despite losing 3–1 in the second leg.[38] On 4 May 2013, he scored his first hat-trick of his Zenit career and assisted a goal, in a 4–0 win over league strugglers Alania Vladikavkaz.[39]

On 16 February 2015, Hulk signed two-year contract extension with the club.[40][41][42] On 17 May, his free kick in a 1–1 draw at FC Ufa gave Zenit the league title with two matches to spare.[43] Hulk was due to be an assistant at the draw for 2018 World Cup qualification in Saint Petersburg, but withdrew due to commitments with Zenit, being replaced by Alexey Smertin.[44] Hulk was named by UEFA as one of the top XI players of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League group stage.[45]

Shanghai SIPG

[edit]
Hulk playing for Shanghai SIPG in 2017

On 30 June 2016, Hulk joined Chinese club Shanghai SIPG from Zenit for a reported £45 million,[46] an Asian football record. He would earn £320,000 per week, accumulating to £16.6 million per year.[46] On 10 July, Hulk forced Ryan McGowan's own goal nine minutes into his debut in a 5–0 win over Henan Jianye. However, just 12 minutes later, he was stretchered off the pitch with a muscle injury.[47][48] On 9 September, Hulk scored his first two goals for Shanghai SIPG against Beijing Guoan after a two-month injury lay-off.[49]

Hulk made a total of 145 appearances and scored a total of 77 goals across all competitions during his time in Shanghai.[50]

Atlético Mineiro

[edit]

2021: Top scorer in both the Série A and Copa do Brasil

[edit]

On 29 January 2021, Hulk returned to Brazil and joined Atlético Mineiro on a two-year contract.[51][52] He made his debut on 7 March, assisting the fourth goal for Diego Tardelli in a 4–0 Campeonato Mineiro win over Uberlândia.[53] On 19 March, he scored his first goal for the club, from a penalty kick, in a 3–0 win over Coimbra.[54] After a tough spell in April, with six games without scoring and being relegated to the bench,[55] Hulk picked up his form in the Copa Libertadores against América de Cali and Cerro Porteño, scoring a brace in each game.[56][57] On 22 May, Atlético were crowned the Campeonato Mineiro champions, and Hulk was voted by journalists into the team of the tournament.[58][59]

On 17 July, Hulk scored both goals in a 2–1 turnaround win over Corinthians, in the Série A.[60] In the next round, he again scored twice in a 3–0 win over Bahia.[61] On 21 November, he became top scorer of the league after yet another brace in a 2–0 win over Juventude.[62] On 2 December, when Atlético played for the league title and was 2–0 down against Bahia at the Fonte Nova arena, Hulk kick-started a comeback by scoring from a penalty; five minutes later, a brace from Keno snatched the three points that secured the 2021 Série A trophy to Galo.[63] In the following match, a 4–3 win over Red Bull Bragantino at the Mineirão, Hulk scored his 19th goal in 35 appearances, ending the league season as top scorer.[64]

Hulk appeared in all ten matches of Atlético's Copa do Brasil-winning campaign, scoring once in eight of them, including both legs of the final against Athletico Paranaense.[65] He became only the second player to be top scorer in both the Série A and Copa do Brasil in a same season, repeating Gabriel Barbosa's feat in 2018.[66] Hulk was the country's top scorer in 2021, with a total of 36 goals in 68 appearances, while also providing 13 assists.[67] His central role in Atlético's domestic treble-winning season earned him the Bola de Ouro, Craque do Brasileirão and Copa do Brasil Golden Ball awards.[68][69][70][71] He was also included in CONMEBOL's Libertadores Team of the Tournament and El País' South American Team of the Year.[72][73]

2022–23: Back-to-back Campeonato Mineiro titles

[edit]

In the 2022 Supercopa do Brasil against Flamengo on 20 February 2022, Hulk scored a second-half equalizer to tie the match at 2–2 and then converted two penalties in an eventual 8–7 shootout victory.[74] At the end of the match, he received the award for best player of the competition.[75] On 16 March, Hulk renewed his contract until the end of 2024, with the option to extend until 2025.[76] The following week, on 23 March, he scored both goals in the 2–0 victory over Caldense in the first leg of the 2022 Campeonato Mineiro semifinals, becoming the top scorer at the Mineirão with 32 goals, overtaking Giorgian de Arrascaeta.[77] In the final on 2 April, Hulk scored twice in a 3–1 win over Cruzeiro, thus lifting his fourth trophy for Atlético in a four-month period.[78][79] He finished the tournament as its top scorer, with ten goals in eight appearances.[80]

In the first matchday of the Série A, Hulk scored both goals in a 2–0 victory against Internacional.[81] On 19 May, he scored a brace in a 3–1 victory over Independiente del Valle, which secured his side's spot in the round of 16 of the Copa Libertadores.[82] The following week, on 28 May, he made his 88th appearance for Atlético in a Copa Libertadores loss to Deportes Tolima, drawing level with Ronaldinho; coincidentally, both made 59 goal contributions after 88 matches for Atlético.[83] Hulk made his 100th appearance for Atlético in the round of 16 of the Copa do Brasil against Flamengo at the Maracanã on 14 July, which ended in elimination.[84] On 3 August, Hulk scored against Palmeiras in the quarter-finals of the Copa Libertadores to become the club's top scorer in the competition with 12 goals, surpassing the previous record set by Jô.[85]

In March and April 2023, the 36-year-old Hulk played a crucial role in the Atlético Mineiro team that won the 2023 Campeonato Mineiro, scoring his side's only goal in the semifinal tie against Athletic,[86] and then scored in both legs of the final against América, including a last-minute winner in the first leg and a brace in the second, finishing the tournament as its top scorer with 11 goals.[87] On 6 August, the 37-year-old Hulk scored a long-range free kick in a 2–0 league win over São Paulo, which ended a 10-match winless streak.[88] On 12 November, Hulk scored his 400th career goal in official matches in a Série A match against Goiás, doing so in 766 matches.[89]

2024: Copa Libertadores runner-up

[edit]

On 9 March, Hulk scored his 100th goal for Atlético Mineiro in a 2–0 win over América in the semifinals of the 2024 Campeonato Mineiro.[90] He then scored in both legs of the final against Cruzeiro, finishing the tournament as its top scorer (7 goals) for the fourth time in a row, an unprecedented feat, overtaking the three-peats of Ninão (1928–30) and Tostão (1966–68).[91] This meant that he had now played 10 matches over the course of six finals for Atlético Mineiro, scoring ten goals to help his side to six victories and four draws.[92] In November, however, Atlético lost both legs in the final of the 2024 Copa do Brasil to Flamengo and then lost the 2024 Copa Libertadores final to Botafogo 1–3, despite assising his side's only goal in that match.[93] After the match, Hulk was in tears as he apologized to the fans for the loss.[93]

A few months earlier, on 21 July, Hulk, just four days shy of his 38th birthday, scored his 50th Série A goal with a brace in a 2–0 win over Vasco da Gama; this was also his 20th brace with the club.[94] With 19 goals scored in the 2024 season, Hulk reached the mark of 114 goals for Atlético, thus surpassing Diego Tardelli to become the club's top scorer in the 21st century.[95]

International career

[edit]
Hulk playing for Brazil at the 2013 Confederations Cup

Hulk made his debut for Brazil on 14 November 2009 in a friendly match against England in Doha, as the Seleção managed a 1–0 victory.[96] On 26 May 2012, he scored his first three international goals in a 3–1 win against Denmark at the Imtech Arena, Hamburg.[97]

On 9 June 2012, in a friendly with Argentina, Hulk scored in a 3–4 loss.[98] In July, he was named as one of three overaged players for Mano Menezes' Brazilian squad for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London,[99] and he appeared in all but one of the matches during the tournament, netting in the 1–2 final loss against Mexico.[100]

In June 2013, Hulk represented Brazil at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.[101] He played in every match as the team's starting right-winger, including the final, where Brazil defeated world champions Spain to win its fourth Confederations Cup title. At the 2014 World Cup, in the round of 16 match against Chile in Belo Horizonte, Hulk had a goal disallowed for a handball.[102] In the shootout, he had his penalty saved by Claudio Bravo, although Brazil nonetheless advanced.[102] Hulk was called up for the Copa América Centenario in 2016, making one appearance as a substitute in Brazil's group stage campaign.

In August 2021, Hulk received his first call up to the national team in five years for 2022 World Cup qualifiers;[103] he appeared as a substitute in a 2–0 win over Peru on 9 September.

Personal life

[edit]

Born and raised in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Hulk was the fourth of seven children and the fourth son born to his parents.[5] He began to play football at three years old, thanks to his father.[5]

Hulk was previously married to Iran Angelo de Souza, who he met in Japan. The pair married in 2007 before separating in July 2019. They have two sons, Ian and Tiago, and a daughter, Alice. After splitting from Iran, Hulk began dating her niece, Camila Angelo in October 2019.[104]

It was reported in March 2020 that Hulk had married Camila, in part due to her needing a visa to stay in China with Hulk. In April 2022 Camila gave birth to their first baby together, daughter Zaya. This meaning that she is Hulk's fourth child.[105]

Career statistics

[edit]

Club

[edit]
As of match played 27 July 2025[106]
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
Club Season League National cup[a] League cup[b] Continental State league[c] Other Total
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Vitória 2004 Série A 2 0 — — — — — 2 0
Kawasaki Frontale (loan) 2005 J1 League 9 1 2 2 1 0 — — — 12 3
Consadole Sapporo (loan) 2006 J2 League 38 25 3 1 — — — — 41 26
Tokyo Verdy (loan) 2007 J2 League 42 37 0 0 — — — — 42 37
Kawasaki Frontale 2008 J1 League 2 0 0 0 0 0 — — — 2 0
Tokyo Verdy 2008 J1 League 11 7 0 0 3 1 — — — 14 8
Porto 2008–09 Primeira Liga 25 8 7 1 1 0 10[d] 0 — 1[e] 0 44 9
2009–10 Primeira Liga 19 5 3 2 0 0 8[d] 3 — 1[e] 0 31 10
2010–11 Primeira Liga 26 23 7 4 3 1 16[f] 7 — 1[e] 0 53 35
2011–12 Primeira Liga 26 16 1 0 2 1 8[g] 4 — 2[h] 0 39 21
2012–13 Primeira Liga 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 3 2
Total 99 54 18 7 6 2 42 14 — 5 0 170 77
Zenit Saint Petersburg 2012–13 Russian Premier League 18 7 3 1 — 9[i] 3 — — 30 11
2013–14 Russian Premier League 24 17 0 0 — 10[d] 5 — 0 0 34 22
2014–15 Russian Premier League 28 15 2 0 — 15[j] 6 — — 45 21
2015–16 Russian Premier League 27 17 4 2 — 7[d] 4 — 1[k] 0 39 23
Total 97 56 9 3 — 41 18 — 1 0 148 77
Shanghai SIPG 2016 Chinese Super League 7 5 0 0 — 1[l] 0 — — 8 5
2017 Chinese Super League 27 17 6 4 — 11[l] 9 — — 44 30
2018 Chinese Super League 25 13 2 1 — 8[l] 3 — — 35 17
2019 Chinese Super League 25 10 3 1 — 8[l] 6 — 1[m] 0 37 17
2020 Chinese Super League 16 6 1 0 — 4[l] 2 — — 21 8
Total 100 51 12 6 — 32 20 — 1 0 145 77
Atlético Mineiro 2021 Série A 35 19 10 8 — 12[n] 7 11 2 — 68 36
2022 Série A 25 12 2 1 — 10[n] 5 8 10 1[o] 1 46 29
2023 Série A 34 15 4 1 — 10[n] 3 11 11 — 59 30
2024 Série A 24 10 8 1 — 11[n] 1 10 7 — 53 19
2025 Série A 14 4 3 2 — 6[p] 2 8 7 — 31 15
Total 132 60 27 13 — 49 18 48 37 1 1 257 129
Career total 532 291 71 32 10 3 164 70 48 37 8 1 833 434
  1. ^ Includes Emperor's Cup, Taça de Portugal, Russian Cup, Chinese FA Cup, Copa do Brasil
  2. ^ Includes J.League Cup, Taça da Liga
  3. ^ Includes Campeonato Mineiro
  4. ^ a b c d Appearances in UEFA Champions League
  5. ^ a b c Appearance in Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
  6. ^ Appearances in UEFA Europa League
  7. ^ Six appearances and four goals in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League
  8. ^ One appearance in Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, one appearance in UEFA Super Cup
  9. ^ Five appearances and two goals in UEFA Champions League, four appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League
  10. ^ Ten appearances and three goals in UEFA Champions League, five appearances and three goals in UEFA Europa League
  11. ^ Appearance in Russian Super Cup
  12. ^ a b c d e Appearance(s) in AFC Champions League
  13. ^ Appearance in Chinese FA Super Cup
  14. ^ a b c d Appearances in Copa Libertadores
  15. ^ Appearance in Supercopa do Brasil
  16. ^ Appearances in Copa Sudamericana

International

[edit]
As of 4 July 2021
Appearances and goals by national team and year
National team Year Apps Goals
Brazil 2009 2 0
2010 0 0
2011 6 0
2012 10 6
2013 14 2
2014 9 1
2015 4 2
2016 3 0
2017 0 0
2018 0 0
2019 0 0
2020 0 0
2021 1 0
Total 49 11
Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hulk goal.
List of international goals scored by Hulk
No. Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
1 26 May 2012 Volksparkstadion, Altona, Hamburg, Germany  Denmark 1–0 3–1 Friendly
2 3–0
3 9 June 2012 MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, United States  Argentina 3–2 3–4 Friendly
4 7 September 2012 Estádio do Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil  South Africa 1–0 1–0 Friendly
5 10 September 2012 Estádio do Arruda, Recife, Brazil  China 4–0 8–0 Friendly
6 11 October 2012 Swedbank Stadion, Malmö, Sweden  Iraq 4–0 6–0 Friendly
7 16 November 2013 Sun Life Stadium, Miami, United States  Honduras 5–0 5–0 Friendly
8 19 November 2013 Rogers Centre, Toronto, Canada  Chile 1–0 2–1 Friendly
9 3 June 2014 Estádio Serra Dourada, Goiânia, Brazil  Panama 3–0 4–0 Friendly
10 5 September 2015 Red Bull Arena, Harrison, United States  Costa Rica 1–0 1–0 Friendly
11 8 September 2015 Gillette Stadium, Foxborough, United States  United States 1–0 4–1 Friendly

Goals in the Summer Olympics

No. Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
1 11 August 2012 Wembley Stadium, London, England  Mexico 1–2 1–2 2012 Summer Olympics

Honours

[edit]

Porto

Zenit Saint Petersburg

Shanghai SIPG

Atlético Mineiro

Brazil Olympic

Brazil

Individual

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Based on Porto did not have obligation to pay for third parties ownership (15%), agent fee (€8M) and solidarity contribution (5%),[28] total for €20 million[29]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: List of players: Brazil" (PDF). FIFA. 14 July 2014. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  2. ^ "Hulk". FC Zenit Saint Petersburg. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  3. ^ "HULK". FIFA. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  4. ^ Hytner, David (1 June 2012). "Career of Chelsea target Hulk is more incredible than how he was named". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
  5. ^ a b c d "F-スポット - ピックアッププレイヤー : KAWASAKI FRONTALE". Kawasaki Frontale (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 12 March 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  6. ^ フッキ選手獲得のお知らせ (Press release) (in Japanese). Kawasaki Frontale. 10 February 2005. Archived from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  7. ^ a b フッキ選手移籍のお知らせ (Press release) (in Japanese). Kawasaki Frontale. 15 January 2006. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  8. ^ フッキ選手期限付き移籍加入のお知らせ(1/9) (Press release) (in Japanese). Tokyo Verdy. 9 January 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  9. ^ フッキ選手期限付き移籍期間満了のお知らせ (Press release) (in Japanese). Tokyo Verdy. 19 December 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  10. ^ フッキ選手加入のお知らせ(4/2) (Press release) (in Japanese). Tokyo Verdy. 2 April 2008. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  11. ^ フッキ選手移籍のお知らせ(7/27) (Press release) (in Japanese). Tokyo Verdy. 27 July 2008. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  12. ^ "Comunicado" [Announcement] (PDF) (in Portuguese). FC Porto. 25 July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
  13. ^ "Top ten rising stars". UEFA. 9 March 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
  14. ^ "Comunicado" [Announcement] (PDF) (in Portuguese). FC Porto. 21 August 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
  15. ^ "FINISHED: Porto Star Hulk Slapped With Four-Month Domestic Ban | Goal.com". Goal.
  16. ^ "FC Porto vence Belenenses (0-3) com presença de Hulk em todos os golos" [FC Porto beats Belenenses (0-3) with Hulk involved in all the goals.]. SIC Notícias (in Portuguese). 28 March 2010. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  17. ^ Alvarenga, Vítor Hugo (3 April 2010). "F.C. Porto-Marítimo, 4-1 (crónica)" [F.C. Porto-Marítimo, 4-1 (match report)]. Mais Futebol (in Portuguese). IOL. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  18. ^ Porto 4–2 Genk (7–2 Agg.): Hulk hits hat-trick for dominant Dragons Archived 30 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine; Goal.com, 26 August 2010
  19. ^ "Andre Villas-Boas: "This victory has a special taste for us"". PortuGOAL. 8 November 2010. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
  20. ^ Comunicado (Announcement) Archived 23 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine; Porto's official website, 13 May 2011 (Portuguese)
  21. ^ Acedo, Francisco (17 May 2011). "Porto rule out Hulk sale". Sky Sports. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
  22. ^ Hulk fires Porto to crucial win Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine; PortuGOAL, 7 April 2012
  23. ^ Porto 2–0 Sporting Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine; PortuGOAL, 5 May 2012
  24. ^ Hulk eleito jogador do mês (Hulk voted player of the month) Archived 10 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine; Record, 2 May 2012 (Portuguese)
  25. ^ "Futebolistas do FC Porto condenados no caso do túnel da Luz" [FC Porto footballers condemned in tunnel of light case] (in Portuguese). Expresso. 17 February 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
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