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Fattah-1

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Fattah-1
Fattah-1's presentation, 2023
TypeMedium-range ballistic missile
Place of originIran
Service history
Used by Iran
WarsIran–Israel proxy conflict
Production history
Designer Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
ManufacturerAIO
Produced2022
Specifications
WarheadConventional
Nuclear (allegedly)[1]
Warhead weight350–450 kg (770–990 lb)[2]
PropellantStage 1:Solid fuel engine
Stage 2: Liquid fuel engine
Operational
range
1,400 km (870 mi)[3]
Maximum speed Mach 13-15
This article is about the Iranian medium-ranged ballistic missile. For the Pakistani guided rocket artillery, see Fatah (multiple rocket launcher).

Fattah-1 (Persian: فتاح, lit. 'conqueror') is an Iranian medium-range ballistic missile developed by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and unveiled in June 2023. Iran has described the missile as "hypersonic", a description which has been noted as "dubious" by several media outlets including Calcalist, the Times of Israel and The Warzone;[4][5][6] and by analyst Fabian Hinz as "obscur[ing] more than it illuminates."[4] According to Iran, its high maneuverability and speed helps it to evade missile defense systems.[7][8][9][10] In November 2023, Iran unveiled a newer version of the missile, Fattah-2.[11][12]

The missile has been reported to have the capability to carry nuclear warheads should Iran further pursue its nuclear program.[13]

Description

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According to Iran, it can maneuver in and out of the atmosphere, and is capable of bypassing missile defenses.[14] Iran describes it as a hypersonic missile. However, according to Fabian Hinz, research fellow for Defense and Military Analysis at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Fattah does not fall under the general classification of hypersonic weapons, but is rather a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) that has a “second stage [that] incorporates the warhead, aerodynamic controls and a small solid-propellant motor with a moveable nozzle for thrust vector control (TVC) that resembles a maneuverable reentry vehicle (MaRV)" rather than a hypersonic glide vehicle, meaning it can only maneuver for a short part of the flight in the terminal phase.[4] Hinz noted that “Iran attempted to overcome this limitation by mating a small TVC rocket motor to a MaRV, enabling exo-atmospheric maneuvering."[4]

History

[edit]

On 10 November 2022, during the 11th anniversary of the death of Hassan Tehrani Moghaddam, known as the "father of Iranian missiles", Iran announced it has built an advanced hypersonic ballistic missile calling it a "major generational leap". Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh, IRGC Aerospace Force commander, said the missile has a high velocity and can maneuver below and above the Earth's atmosphere. He said "it can breach all the systems of anti-missile defence" and added that he believed it would take decades before a system capable of intercepting it is developed.[15][16] The missile was unveiled in a ceremony on 6 June 2023.[9]

Iran may have used Fattah-1 missiles in its strikes against Israel on 1 October 2024, according to an analysis by The New York Times.[17] According to Dr. Jeffrey Lewis, researchers from the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) have identified Fattah-1 debris from both the 1 October strikes as well as the April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel.[18][better source needed]

On June 18, 2025, Iran claimed it had once again launched hypersonic missiles at Israel in a renewed round of overnight strikes. The escalation came just hours after former U.S. President Donald Trump publicly demanded Iran’s “unconditional surrender.[19]

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fattah (missile).
  • Fattah in unveiling ceremony on 6 June 2023
    Fattah in unveiling ceremony on 6 June 2023
  • Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh in unveiling ceremony
    Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh in unveiling ceremony
  • Final Stage with Rocket Motor
    Final Stage with Rocket Motor

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Motamedi, Maziar. "Fattah: Iran unveils its first hypersonic missile". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
  2. ^ "Iran's Fattah hypersonic missile: real threat and technological challenge". Defence Industry Europe. 2023-06-08. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  3. ^ "Fattah Hypersonic MRBM". GlobalSecurity.org. 2023-06-08. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  4. ^ a b c d Trevithick, Joseph (2025-06-19). "Iran Just Used Ballistic Missiles With Cluster Warheads To Strike Israel". The War Zone. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  5. ^ Staff, ToI. "Iran claims to have developed technology for supersonic cruise missile". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2025-06-22.
  6. ^ Woolf, Avi (2023-12-24). "Calcalist: Iran's Claims of "Fully Smart" Missiles Dubious". JFeed. Retrieved 2025-06-22.
  7. ^ "ایران مدعی ساخت موشک فراصوتی شد که با هیچ موشکی قابل انهدام نیست". euronews (in Persian). 2023-06-06. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  8. ^ "Iran unveils first hypersonic missile named Fattah: Report". Al Arabiya English. 2023-06-06. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  9. ^ a b Motamedi, Maziar. "Fattah: Iran unveils its first hypersonic missile". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-06-06.
  10. ^ Motamedi, Maziar. "Iran has a hypersonic missile. What does that mean?". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  11. ^ "Iran's Khamenei urges Muslim states to cut political ties with Israel for 'limited period'". Reuters. 2023-11-19. Retrieved 2024-10-02. Khamenei made his latest comments while attending an exhibition showcasing the "latest achievements" of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' Aerospace Force, including the Fattah 2, a new version of what is said to be Iran's first hypersonic missile.
  12. ^ "Iran issues threat to Israel, US with new hypersonic weapon". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2023-11-19. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
  13. ^ Motamedi, Maziar. "Fattah: Iran unveils its first hypersonic missile". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
  14. ^ Hafezi Parisa (6 June 2023). "Iran presents its first hypersonic ballistic missile, state media reports". Reuters. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  15. ^ "Iran says it has built hypersonic ballistic missile -Tasnim". Reuters. 2022-11-10. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
  16. ^ "Iran says it has developed hypersonic missile". France 24. 2022-11-10. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
  17. ^ Mellen, Riley (1 October 2024). "Iran appears to have used its most advanced missiles in the attack on Israel". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  18. ^ Jeffrey Lewis [@ArmsControlWonk] (October 1, 2024). "The initial reaction among the @JamesMartinCNS OSINT team is we're seeing more debris from newer Fattah-1 solid-fuel missiles than we did in April, which may explain the apparently more successful nature of the strike -- although it's early and more data could change our minds" (Tweet). Retrieved October 1, 2024 – via Twitter.
  19. ^ AFP (2025-06-18). "Hypersonic missiles Fattah-1 fired at Israel, says Iran". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2025-06-20.
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