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Paheri

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Paheri (p3-ḫrỉ, "The Celestial" or p3-ḥr-r(w)-ỉ) was a local ancient Egyptian nomarch and mayor in Elkab from the close to the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt’s (New Kingdom around 1500 BC.

The entrance to Paheri’s tomb, EK3, near Elkab

Paheri is primarily known for his finely decorated Rock tomb of el-Kab (EK3). His tomb had been rediscovered by a European Egyptian expedition in 1799.[1] James Burton subsequently published the contents of the two walls of its tomb chamber in 1825.[2] He bore the titles "Mayor (ḥ3.tj-ˁ) of Elkab" and "Mayor of Armant." His father, the scribe Atefrura, was already documented as the educator of the king's son," Wadjmose;[3] Paheri, hence, had close ties to the Egyptian royal family. A similar relationship is also documented for Paheri. Paheri's maternal grandfather was the famous Ahmose, son of Ebana who documented the fall of Avaris, the Hyksos capital city under Ahmose I.[4]

The rock tomb of Paheri near Elkab

Paheri's mother, Kemi, was the daughter of Ahmose, son of Ebana, the captain of the Egyptian fleet during the wars of independence against the Hyksos under king Ahmose I, the founder of Egypt’s 18th dynasty who reunified Egypt. Paheri's tomb, decorated with reliefs, is one of the best-preserved tombs of the 18th Dynasty, which also shows the importance of the city of Elkab at this time. The tomb consists of a chapel from which a shaft leads to an underground burial chamber. The western wall of the tomb depicts scenes of agriculture and the cult of the dead, while the eastern wall depicts scenes of a grand festival. A niche carved into the back wall contains three statues: Paheri, his wife Henuterneheh, and his mother Kemi. The rest of the wall is covered with a biographical inscription. Paheri himself served under the Egyptian king Thutmose III.

Paheri is referred to in the tomb as "the tutor of the king's son"; in one scene he is depicted holding the son of Pharaoh Thutmose I, Prince Wadjmose, on his knee or lap.[5] In another scene he is seen offering sacrifices to Wadjmose and another of the pharaoh's sons, Prince Amenmose. the scribe Atefrura, a high Theban dignitary who was the tutor of the royal prince. Wadjmose and another prince named Ramose were mentioned in the Theban funerary chapel of Thutmose I where Queen Mutnofret is also included.[6] Wadjmose is believed to have predeceased his father since Thutmose I was succeeded by another young prince named Thutmose II.[7]

Paheri's tomb

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The tomb of Pahery consists of a small chamber of 8.3 metres length and 3.8 metres width and its height reaches 3.5 metres in the central part of the arched ceiling.[8] The original architecture of the tomb was represented by a small platform in front of the entrance with a culptural facade in the wall (now destroyed) and a funerary pit on the floor.[9] An oblong chamber with an arched ceiling was cut inside the rock. The chamber ended in the north wall with a niche-shrine, were three statues vere carved (now partly damaged).[10] The construction of Paheri's tomb dates back to the reign of Thutmose III.[11]

This tomb was decorated with numerous reliefs and is one of the best preserved from the early 18th Dynasty. The tomb underscores the important role of this city at the beginning of this era. The tomb consists of the above-ground chapel, which in turn consists of a single room, and has a shaft in front of it that leads down to the burial chamber.

Paheri and Wadjmose, Thutmose I’s son

In the tomb, the western wall primarily depicts agricultural scenes and those focusing on funerary rituals, while the eastern wall depicts a large banquet.[12] On the rear northern wall is a niche containing three statues depicting Paheri, his wife Henuterneheh, and his mother Kemi. The rest of the wall bears a large biographical inscription.

In one scene, Paheri is shown making sacrifices to Wadjmose and to the other king's son, Amenmose.

An inscription written over the funeral procession of the deceased Paheri reads:

"Making a good burial for the prince Paheri, conveying the Prince Paheri, justified, to his chamber of the Kherneter, in peace, in peace before the great god. Proceeding in peace to the horizon, to the Field of Reeds, to the Tuat; to lead to (any) place where this prince Paheri (may be)....[Said by the followers (of the procession),]....Proceed in peace, in peace to his (sic) chamber of Kher-neter (the necropolis); receive banquets among the nobles (or the aged ones?) as a follower of the great god."[13]
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  • Finely painted reliefs from Paheri’s tomb.
    Finely painted reliefs from Paheri’s tomb.
  • A Procession of food and gift offerings to Paheri and his wife in the afterlife
    A Procession of food and gift offerings to Paheri and his wife in the afterlife
  • The northern wall of Paheri's tomb with a damaged niche featuring three statues of Paheri, his wife Henuterneheh, and his mother Kemi
    The northern wall of Paheri's tomb with a damaged niche featuring three statues of Paheri, his wife Henuterneheh, and his mother Kemi

References

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  1. ^ Paheri
  2. ^ Paheri
  3. ^ Joseph John Tylor: The Tomb of Paheri at El Kab. In: Édouard Naville: Ahnas el Medineh (Heracleopolis Magna). With chapters on Mendes, the Nome of Thoth, and Leontopolis. (= Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Band 11, ISSN 0307-5109). Paul, Trench, Trübner, London 1894 (Reprinted: 1981, ISBN 0-901212-41-5), PDF online at pages 103-104 or pp.5-6 of the book
  4. ^ Joseph John Tylor: The Tomb of Paheri at El Kab. In: Édouard Naville: Ahnas el Medineh (Heracleopolis Magna). With chapters on Mendes, the Nome of Thoth, and Leontopolis. (= Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Band 11, ISSN 0307-5109). Paul, Trench, Trübner, London 1894 (Reprinted: 1981, ISBN 0-901212-41-5), PDF online at page 103 or p.5 of the book
  5. ^ Joseph John Tylor: The Tomb of Paheri at El Kab. In: Édouard Naville: Ahnas el Medineh (Heracleopolis Magna). With chapters on Mendes, the Nome of Thoth, and Leontopolis. (= Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Band 11, ISSN 0307-5109). Paul, Trench, Trübner, London 1894 (Reprinted: 1981, ISBN 0-901212-41-5), PDF online at page 116 or p.18 of the book
  6. ^ Tyldesley, Joyce. Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2006, p. 91,
  7. ^ Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, 2004, ISBN 0-500-05128-3 pp.130-131,140
  8. ^ El-Kab. Rock-cut tombs of Nekheb -The tomb of Pahery Isida-project.org
  9. ^ El-Kab. Rock-cut tombs of Nekheb -The tomb of Pahery Isida-project.org
  10. ^ El-Kab. Rock-cut tombs of Nekheb -The tomb of Pahery Isida-project.org
  11. ^ El-Kab. Rock-cut tombs of Nekheb -The tomb of Pahery Isida-project.org
  12. ^ Joseph John Tylor: The Tomb of Paheri at El Kab. In: Édouard Naville: Ahnas el Medineh (Heracleopolis Magna). With chapters on Mendes, the Nome of Thoth, and Leontopolis. (= Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Band 11, ISSN 0307-5109). Paul, Trench, Trübner, London 1894 (Reprinted: 1981, ISBN 0-901212-41-5), PDF online at page 110-122 or pp.12-24 of the book
  13. ^ Joseph John Tylor: The Tomb of Paheri at El Kab. In: Édouard Naville: Ahnas el Medineh (Heracleopolis Magna). With chapters on Mendes, the Nome of Thoth, and Leontopolis. (= Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Band 11, ISSN 0307-5109). Paul, Trench, Trübner, London 1894 (Reprinted: 1981, ISBN 0-901212-41-5), PDF online at page 118 or p.20 of the book
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