Draft:Ministry of Water and Irrigation (Jordan)
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The Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) is the government institution responsible for overseeing the development, regulation, and management of water resources and sanitation services in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Established in 1988, it plays a central role in addressing the country's chronic water scarcity and coordinating national water policy.[1]
Structure and institutions
[edit]The Ministry comprises three main entities:
- The Ministry Headquarters, which formulates national water policy, strategy, and legislation.
- The Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ), responsible for implementing water and wastewater services, infrastructure, and groundwater monitoring.
- The Jordan Valley Authority (JVA), which manages surface water in the Jordan Valley and oversees agricultural irrigation systems.[2]
Each entity contributes to a unified water governance framework aimed at balancing domestic, agricultural, and industrial water use. [3]
Mandate and responsibilities
[edit]MWI is charged with:
- Developing long-term water sector policies and investment plans.[4]
- Monitoring surface water and groundwater resources.
- Managing water infrastructure, including dams, pipelines, treatment plants, and desalination facilities.
- Promoting water conservation and non-revenue water reduction.
- Ensuring equitable water distribution and sanitation access.
- Overseeing wastewater treatment and reuse in agriculture.
- Coordinating donor-supported water projects and international cooperation.
Water scarcity challenges
[edit]Jordan is considered one of the most water-scarce countries in the world, with renewable water availability estimated at less than 100 m³ per capita annually. Factors contributing to this condition include:
- Limited rainfall and arid climate.
- Overexploitation of aquifers.
- Population growth and urbanization.
- Influx of refugees, especially from Syria.
- Climate change impacts on precipitation and evaporation.[5]
In response, the Ministry leads strategic infrastructure projects such as:
- The Disi Water Conveyance Project, which transports fossil groundwater from southern Jordan to Amman.
- The planned Aqaba-Amman Water Desalination and Conveyance Project, aimed at supplying desalinated Red Sea water to northern cities.[6]
International cooperation
[edit]MWI works with a wide range of international partners and donors to strengthen water management and infrastructure. Key collaborators include:
- The World Bank
- The USAID
- The GIZ
- The UNDP
- The African Development Bank
These partnerships support reforms, capacity building, climate adaptation, and financial investment in the water sector.[7]
See also
[edit]- Water supply and sanitation in Jordan
- Hydrology of Jordan
- Disi Water Conveyance Project
- Jordan River
- Red Sea–Dead Sea Conveyance
- Environment of Jordan
References
[edit]- ^ "Ministry of Water and Irrigation". Government of Jordan. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
- ^ Climate and Water Security Profile: Jordan (Report). United Nations Development Programme. 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
- ^ "Jordan Water Sector Overview". World Bank. 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
- ^ "Water Resources and Infrastructure". USAID Jordan. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
- ^ "Jordan – Water Sector Reform Program". African Development Bank. 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
- ^ "Disi Water Conveyance Project". Ministry of Water and Irrigation. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
- ^ "Supporting Water Sector Reform in Jordan". GIZ – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
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