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Hym Ebedes
Born
Hym Sonny Ebedes

(1936-06-14)June 14, 1936
Ermelo, South Africa
DiedNovember 24, 2015(2015-11-24) (aged 79)
Pretoria, South Africa
Alma materUniversity of Pretoria
OccupationWildlife Veterinarian

Hym Sonny Ebedes (14 June 1936 – 24 November 2015) was a South African veterinarian who made significant contributions to wildlife veterinary science and conservation. He pioneered the use of tranquilizers for animal translocation, served as a veterinarian at Etosha National Park in Namibia, worked as a state veterinarian in South Africa, and consulted on wildlife management internationally. Ebedes published works on wildlife capture, translocation, and disease management and received awards for his contributions to veterinary science.

Early life and education

[edit]

Ebedes was born on 14 June 1936 in Ermelo, South Africa, to Solomon Ebedes and Millie Ebedes, and had one brother, Bella Hazel Ebedes.[1] Ebedes graduated from the Onderstepoort Veterinary Faculty in 1959 with a degree in veterinary science, where he later served as a mentor to veterinary students.[2][3]

Career

[edit]

From 1959 to 1964, Ebedes ran a private veterinary practice in Springs, South Africa, gaining experience with captive animals at a local zoo.[2] In 1965, he joined Etosha National Park in Namibia as a biologist, later serving as a veterinarian. His work included:

  • Managing the translocation of 38 black-faced impala to Namutoni and 72 roan antelope to Otjovasandu to support species conservation.[4][5]
  • Pioneering immobilization techniques for animals, including elephants and black rhinos, using dart guns and tranquilizers, reducing stress and improving translocation success. His contributions are recognized in *The Flying Syringe* by W.J. Versfeld, which highlights his use of tranquilizers in wildlife management.[6]
  • Controlling anthrax by identifying and disinfecting gravel pits as infection sources, reducing disease spread in Etosha.[7][8]
  • Researching wildlife diseases, including anthrax and other conditions affecting game populations.[9]
  • Establishing the Ecological Institute at Etosha and initiating aerial wildlife censuses.[5]

In 1975, Ebedes returned to South Africa as a state veterinarian and, in 1980, became Chief of Veterinary Services at the National Zoological Gardens in Pretoria. He contributed to *Capture and Care of Wild Animals* and researched long-acting tranquilizers to reduce stress during wildlife capture, publishing studies on their use in species like impala, horses, and rhinos.[10][11][12][13] He also supervised doctoral research on tranquilizers at the University of Pretoria.[14]

From 1989 to 1995, Ebedes was a Wildlife Specialist at the Department of Agriculture in Pretoria, developing standards for wildlife capture and care. He contributed to the South African National Standard (SANS 10331:2004) for the translocation of certain herbivore species and a similar standard for carnivore translocation, establishing guidelines for humane capture and transport to reduce stress and improve conservation outcomes.[15][16] Between 1989 and 2006, he assisted with lion conservation at Willem Pretorius Game Reserve in South Africa.[17] From 1995 to 2006, he consulted for zoos and governments in countries such as China, Israel, Australia, Spain, and Hong Kong, advising on translocations, including Bucardo ibex capture in the Pyrenees. He also identified lions in Ethiopia as possible Barbary lion descendants from the Atlas Mountains.[5] Ebedes edited proceedings for the 5th International Wildlife Ranching Symposium in 2001 and presented on sustainable conservation practices.[18][19]

Awards

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Ebedes received the following awards:

  • National Agriculturist of the Year (1993), awarded by Agricultural Writers SA.[20]
  • Lycaon Award (1995), presented by the South African Veterinary Association for wildlife conservation contributions.[2]

Personal life

[edit]

After working at Etosha National Park, he lived in Stellenbosch, South Africa, later moving to Pretoria. His son Simeon announced his death on 24 November 2015, at age 79, due to heart failure.[1]

Selected publications

[edit]
  • Basson, P.A., McCully, R.M., Kruger, S.P., van Niekerk, J.W., Young, E., de Vos, V., Keep, M.E., & Ebedes, H. (1971). "Disease conditions of game in southern Africa: recent." *South African Journal of Wildlife Research*, 1(1), 25–32.[9]
  • Ebedes, H. (1970). "Notes on the translocation of the black rhinoceros." *Koedoe*, 13, 141–149.[4]
  • Ebedes, H. (1974). "Anthrax epizootics in wildlife in the Etosha National Park, South West Africa." *Madoqua*, 10(2), 99–118.[7]
  • Contributor to Young, E. (Ed.). (1973). *Capture and Care of Wild Animals*. Pretoria: Human & Rousseau.[10]
  • Ebedes, H., & Meyer, B.J. (1988). "Inanition in a Derby eland due to foreign body abomasitis." *Journal of the South African Veterinary Association*, 59(2), 103–104.[21]
  • Ebedes, H., & Meyer, B.J. (1988). "Preliminary investigation into the nutrition of ostrich chicks (Struthio camelus) under intensive conditions." *Journal of the South African Veterinary Association*, 59(1), 39–42.[22]
  • Ebedes, H., & Burroughs, R.E.J. (1989). "The use of long-acting neuroleptics (perphenazine enanthate and pipothiazine palmitate) in two horses." *Journal of the South African Veterinary Association*, 60(4), 208–209.[23]
  • Ebedes, H. (1989). "The use of long-acting neuroleptics in impala (Aepyceros melampus)." *Journal of the South African Veterinary Association*, 60(3), 161–163.[12]
  • Ebedes, H., Van der Merwe, C.F., & Du Toit, J.G. (1990). "Inco-ordination and paresis in a captive lion (Panthera leo)." *Journal of the South African Veterinary Association*, 61(1), 37–38.[24]
  • Ebedes, H. (1990). "Use of long-acting neuroleptics in the immobilization and translocation of wild animals." *Journal of the South African Veterinary Association*, 61(2), 71–74.[11]
  • Ebedes, H. (2018). *Poor Charlito: An Awakening to Animal Welfare*. Blurb Publishing. ISBN 1387809431.[25]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "In Memory of Dr. Hym Ebedes". Animal People Forum. 2015-12-14. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
  2. ^ a b c "Obituary: Dr Hym Ebedes" (PDF). South African Veterinary Association Newsletter. 2015 (12): 3. December 2015. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
  3. ^ Aronson, Roy (2011). Tales of an African Vet. Lyons Press. ISBN 978-0762772414. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
  4. ^ a b Ebedes, H. (1970). "Notes on the translocation of the black rhinoceros". Koedoe. 13: 141–149. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v13i1.741 (inactive 18 June 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2025 (link)
  5. ^ a b c "Legendary South African Vet Dr. Hym Ebedes Passes Away". African Conservation Foundation. 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
  6. ^ Versfeld, W.J. (1990). The Flying Syringe. Human & Rousseau. ISBN 978-0798127479. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
  7. ^ a b Ebedes, H. (1974). "Anthrax epizootics in wildlife in the Etosha National Park, South West Africa". Madoqua. 10 (2): 99–118.
  8. ^ Skinner, John D. (2005). The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region. Cambridge University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0521844185.
  9. ^ a b Basson, P.A.; McCully, R.M.; Kruger, S.P.; van Niekerk, J.W.; Young, E.; de Vos, V.; Keep, M.E.; Ebedes, H. (1971). "Disease conditions of game in southern Africa: recent". South African Journal of Wildlife Research. 1 (1): 25–32.
  10. ^ a b "Capture and Care of Wild Animals". Namibia Scientific Library. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
  11. ^ a b Ebedes, H. (1990). "Use of long-acting neuroleptics in the immobilization and translocation of wild animals". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 61 (2): 71–74. doi:10.10520/EJC-b4aef3e50 (inactive 18 June 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2025 (link)
  12. ^ a b Ebedes, H. (1989). "The use of long-acting neuroleptics in impala (Aepyceros melampus)". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 60 (3): 161–163. PMID 2577291.
  13. ^ Ebedes, H. (1993). "The use of long-acting tranquillizers in the translocation of black rhinos". Pachyderm. 16: 25–30.
  14. ^ Raath, J.P. (1992). The use of long-acting neuroleptics in the capture and transport of wild animals (Ph.D.). University of Pretoria. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
  15. ^ "South African National Standard: Translocation of Certain Species of Herbivores (SANS 10331:2004)" (PDF). South African Veterinary Association. 2004. Retrieved 2025-06-19.
  16. ^ "South African National Standard: Translocation of Certain Species of Carnivores" (PDF). South African Veterinary Association. 2004. Retrieved 2025-06-19.
  17. ^ Labuschagne, Willie (2010). The Soul of a Lion. Jonathan Ball Publishers. ISBN 978-1868424108. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
  18. ^ Grimaud, P.; Rérolle, X.; Le Bel, S.; Thomas, P. (2001). "Rusa deer farming in La Réunion Island". In Ebedes, H.; Reilly, B.; Van Hoven, W.; Penzhorn, B. (eds.). Proceedings of the 5th International Wildlife Ranching Symposium. Pretoria, South Africa. pp. 94–97.
  19. ^ Ebedes, H. (2002). "Sustainable utilisation-conservation in practice". Proceedings of the 5th International Wildlife Ranching Symposium. Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria.
  20. ^ "Agriculturist of the Year". Agricultural Writers SA. Retrieved 2025-06-18.
  21. ^ Ebedes, H.; Meyer, B.J. (1988). "Inanition in a Derby eland due to foreign body abomasitis". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 59 (2): 103–104.
  22. ^ Ebedes, H.; Meyer, B.J. (1988). "Preliminary investigation into the nutrition of ostrich chicks (Struthio camelus) under intensive conditions". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 59 (1): 39–42.
  23. ^ Ebedes, H.; Burroughs, R.E.J. (1989). "The use of long-acting neuroleptics (perphenazine enanthate and pipothiazine palmitate) in two horses". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 60 (4): 208–209. PMID 2577292.
  24. ^ Ebedes, H.; Van der Merwe, C.F.; Du Toit, J.G. (1990). "Incoordination and paresis in a captive lion (Panthera leo)". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 61 (1): 37–38.
  25. ^ Ebedes, Hym (2018). Poor Charlito: An Awakening to Animal Welfare. Blurb Publishing. ISBN 978-1387809431.
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