Draft:Crawford v. School District No. 7
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Last edited by BD2412 (talk | contribs) 7 days ago. (Update) |
| Crawford v. School District No. 7 | |
|---|---|
| Court | Oregon Supreme Court |
| Decided | 1913 |
| Citation | 68 Or. 388, 137 P. 217 (1913) |
| Holding | |
| Oregon law did not authorize school districts to create separate schools based on race or exclude Native American children from public schools. | |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Thomas A. McBride, Frank A. Moore, John Burnett, William Marion Ramsey |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority opinion by Justice Ramsey | |
Crawford v. School District No. 7, 68 Or. 388, 137 Pac. 217, was a 1913 lawsuit decided by the Oregon Supreme Court challenging the school segregation of Native Americans in Oregon.[1] The plaintiffs were successful.[2]
William Crawford and his wife, both of mixed Native American and white ancestry, lived in southern Oregon with their five children.[3][4] The family did not live in a tribal community, and maintained a lifestyle aligned with non-Native settlers, but in the fall of 1912 their school district abruptly refused two of their daughters reentry to public schools they had previously attended. The board instead directed Native American children, including the Crawford girls, to a newly created separate Indian school.[3] This followed the model of the so-called Separate But Equal doctrine that had been established in Boston some years earlier.[5]
William Crawford filed suit against the school district, arguing that his daughters were U.S. citizens and that their exclusion from the school was unlawful. He emphasized the family's compliance with the expectations of the Dawes Act, including individual land allotments and assimilation into settler society.[3] Justice William Marion Ramsey, writing for the Oregon Supreme Court, held that no law in Oregon authorized school districts to create separate schools based on race, or to exclude students from public education on such grounds. The Court concluded that the school board had exceeded its legal authority by barring the Crawford girls from their former school.[3][4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Crawford v. School District No. 7, 68 Or. 388, 137 Pac. 217 (1913)".
- ^ "How Native American Families Challenged School Desegregation | National Trust for Historic Preservation". savingplaces.org.
- ^ a b c d Dai, Sarai. "How Native American Families Challenged School Desegregation", National Trust for Historic Preservation, December 8, 2021. Retrieved July 20, 2025.
- ^ a b Crawford v. School District No. 7, Bricks Before Brown. Retrieved July 20, 2025.
- ^ https://www.jstor.org/stable/1848435
- This open draft remains in progress as of January 15, 2025.