Draft:Conlang: Drakhan (anti-Láadan)

Conlang: Drakhan (pronounced “Drakan”)

Purpose:

Objectivism and absolute depersonalization

Drakhan eliminates any grammatical feature that marks emotions, beliefs, or the speaker’s perspective. There are no suffixes, particles, or constructions to indicate whether information comes from a dream, a visual perception, a desire, or a fear.

Example: Both “she died” and “I dreamed that she died” would be expressed in exactly the same way, with no distinction in the morphology or syntax of the sentence.

Precision and absence of ambiguity

Every lexical unit and grammatical construct in Drakhan is designed to refer to a single concept, with no semantic overlaps. The syntactic rules require the arrangement of information in a way that leaves no doubt about time, place, agent, and patient of the action.

Prohibition of introspection

It lacks vocabulary and grammatical mechanisms to express internal mental states, doubts, or cognitive and affective processes. There are no verbs or periphrases such as “to feel,” “to think,” “to doubt,” or “to wish”; any attempt to mention them is reduced to a factual report without implying personal experience.

Utilitarian approach for control and technical efficiency

Drakhan was created as a tool for management and supervision: its lexicon focuses on commands, measurable data, and procedures. Each construction optimizes the rapid transmission of instructions or status reports, minimizing cognitive and emotional costs.

Clear and rigorous expression of objective facts

The main goal is to provide a communication channel in which only verifiable truths or empirical data are transmitted. There is no room for conjecture or subjective nuance: every statement must be contrastable through direct observation or unequivocal records.

Worldview from a masculine perspective

Drakhan presents and organizes reality from a masculine perspective, incorporating values traditionally associated with the hegemonic male role: hierarchy, instrumental rationality, and emotional detachment. This vision is reflected in its lexicon, which emphasizes terms related to power, authority, and control, and in its pragmatics, which regulate communication by limiting or excluding affective or subjective expressions. Thus, Drakhan structures the world in a way that reinforces a patriarchal hierarchical order and prioritizes the precise and objective transmission of information, eliminating any emotional or introspective dimension.

Taken together, Drakhan is a linguistic system designed to exert control, reinforce a patriarchal hierarchical order, and ensure the exact transmission of “objective” information, completely eliminating the emotional, subjective, and reflective dimensions of language. It is essentially the opposite of Láadan.

Consonants:

Drakhan includes the following consonants, similar to those in Spanish, excluding the letters z, y, x, and c. Additionally, the digraphs rr, ch, ll and the ejective consonant t’ are included. The full list is:

p, h, b, t, t’, d, k, g, m, n, j, f, s, l, ch, rr, ll, r.

Pronunciation:

p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, f, j, h (silent), s, l, r: Pronounced the same as in Spanish.

t’ is an ejective consonant, pronounced as a voiceless alveolar plosive with a glottal burst, similar to a strong t with a small glottal puff of air.

ch is pronounced as the voiceless postalveolar affricate [tʃ], same as in Spanish (example: chico).

rr represents the alveolar trill [r], as in perro.

ll represents either the palatal lateral [ʎ] or the palatal approximant [ʝ], similar to traditional Spanish pronunciation.

Vowels:

The language has five vowels: a, e, i, o, u, pronounced as in Spanish—clear and without diphthongs.

• a /a/ as in casa
• e /e/ as in mesa
• i /i/ as in vino
• o /o/ as in lobo
• u /u/ as in luna

Phonotactic rules:

The ejective consonant t’ is always followed by a vowel and never appears at the end of a word.

Syntactic order:

Drakhan strictly follows the SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) order to ensure maximum clarity and avoid ambiguities in the interpretation of grammatical roles.

Vocabulary:

Pronouns / Gender:

• dra: Man / masculine
• drr: Masculine
• krr: Man
• nak: Woman / feminine
• nakll: Feminine
• nallk: Woman

Language:

• khan (pronounced “kan”): Language

Actions and Verbs:

• bar: to kill
• kat: to capture
• t’uk: to destroy
• fek: to control
• sog: to execute (an order)
• drof: order (direct instruction)
• mak: to verify
• ken: to register
• kell: to operate
• pak: to delimit
• t’an: to dominate
• ncha: to enter
• kcha: to exit / to leave
• trak: to lie
• kommerr: to eat
• beberr: to drink
• dorrmin: to sleep
• kummarr: to walk
• korrerr: to run
• salltar: to jump
• nandarr: to swim
• llerra: to read
• kugarr: to play

Abstract Concepts:

• barr: authority
• rrak: structure
• krem: strength
• nok: objective
• kllrrch: strong
• grun: power
• gaf: data
• kla: time
• sh: yes (affirmation)
• ng: no (negation)
• kilpa: despair
• man: of (connector)
• sj: and (connector)
• ksjch: death
• kmjch: to die
• smjch: life
• skjch: to live

Greeting and Communication:

• nch: hello
• chok: goodbye
• chllo: greetings
• kjal: writing
• kch: letter (character)
• jch: to learn

Living Beings:

Humans and animals:

• ekal: human
• kanal: animal

Specific Animals:

• dog: drarr
• cat: garrak
• bear: burruk
• lion: lrrbak
• tiger: t’igar
• horse: horrar
• cow: burak
• pig: prigat
• sheep: sharran
• goat: gornarr
• snake: sarrpa
• frog: rrafka

Plants:

• plant: plannat
• flower: florr
• grass: grash
• fern: hernall
• moss: mossar
• vine: vinerra
• bush/shrub: srubarr

Specific Trees and Flowers:

• oak: orrak
• pine: pinnel
• rose: rrusen
• lily: lliar
• aloe: alloa

Fungi and Similar:

• mold: morda
• yeast: jastarr
• mushroom (edible/typical): t’adost
• wild mushroom/fungus: fungarr

Nature and Climate:

• water: kallar
• air: shika
• river: rrivana
• lake: lakkor
• ocean: osenarr
• sea: sedarr
• desert: desserr
• forest: forsarr
• valley: vallia
• canyon: karrion
• island: illand
• rain: lluvlla
• snow: snoparr
• wind: ribakk
• storm: storrmo
• sun: sollan
• cloud: kludd
• fog: fogarr
• thunder: rumbrr

Technology and Objects:

• planet: plakk
• book: llibrr
• pen/pencil: pennu
• phone: fonall
• computer: komlu
• chair: sillarr
• table: tablar
• lamp: lamarr
• knife: kullif
• spoon: sproon
• ring: rrinal
• car: karror
• house: hassar
• space: epssarr

Light, Sound, and Art:

• light: lussan
• darkness: oskurra
• color: kollorr
• sound: sonnida
• music: mussik
• art: arrte

Advanced Technology / Systems:

• machine: lakjinna
• engine: enjigr
• robot: koborr
• intranet: internnr
• network: nettuor
• to sense: sensarr
• control system: fekppak
• graphic: graffan
• game: lagarr
• control: kontrr
• level: nibell
• score: skorr
• player: kugadrr
• enemy: enemigr
• boss: jefarr
• mission: mession
• pixel: pikksil
• virtual: birtull
• soldier: llorrdak

Falls and States:

• to fall: kjla
• fallen: kjlo

Military / People:

• military: kllchak
• boy (male child/youth): chko
• girl (female child/youth): chka

Family:

• father: ekol
• mother: ekall
• son: ekoll
• daughter: ekarr

Personal Pronouns:

• da: I
• dan: We
• ta: You (singular)
• tan: You (plural)
• ch: He
• chll: She
• chn: They (masculine/mixed)
• chlln: They (feminine)
• ka: It / That (neutral object or entity, not a person)
• kanj: Those (neutral objects or entities, plural, not persons)

Plural and Verb Marking Rules in English:

To mark that a word is in plural, the suffix -n is added at the end.

Example:

• “da” = “I” → “dan” = “we”
• “kch” = “letter” → “kchn” = “letters”

To turn a noun into a verb, the suffix -pk is added at the end.

Example:

• “psch” = “kitchen” → “pschpk” = “to cook”
• “kjal” = “writing” → “kjalpk” = “to write”

Tense Marking:

• To indicate past tense, add -kn
• To indicate future tense, add -km
• Present tense is unmarked (base form)

Examples:

• “da bar” = “I kill”
• “da jch” = “I learn”
• “da barkn” = “I killed”
• “da jchkn” = “I learned”
• “da barkm” = “I will kill”
• “da jchkm” = “I will learn”

To indicate that an action is being performed right now, add -rk to the verb.

• “da barrk” = “I am killing”
• “da jchrk” = “I am learning”

Sentence Examples:

• “ch bar nallk” → “He kills the woman”
• “ch barkn nallk” → “He killed the woman”
• “ch barkm nallk” → “He will kill the woman”
• “ch barrk nallk” → “He is killing the woman”
• “da jch Drakhan” → “I learn Drakhan”
• “da jchkn Drakhan” → “I learned Drakhan”
• “da jchkm Drakhan” → “I will learn Drakhan”
• “da jchrk Drakhan” → “I am learning Drakhan”

Writing System

Writing is horizontal, from left to right. Drakhan has two writing systems. Drakch is the one that uses Latin letters (the one used up to this point). Drakjal is the one that uses symbols. Either system can be used.

Drakjal Symbol Table:

Phoneme	Symbol
p	ᛊ
b	ᛈ
t	ᛉ
t’	ᛤ
d	𐌊
k	ᛋ
g	ᛄ
m	ᛦ
n	ᛪ
j	⦻
f	ᛃ
s	ᚠ
h	ᛢ
r	⧖
l	ᛚ
ch	𐌍
rr	ᛞ
ll	ᚾ

Phoneme	Symbol
a	▣
e	◎
i	⟁
o	⧋
u	⊞

Writing Conversion

Each letter from the Drakch system is replaced with its corresponding symbol. Example:

“rrak” (structure) — You consult the table and replace each letter one by one:

• rr → ᛞ
• a → ▣
• k → ᛋ

Then, you write all the symbols together (symbols are joined for each word; they are only separated by spaces between words).

Result: ᛞ▣ᛋ

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Tense Markers in Symbolic Writing:

To indicate past (-kn), future (-km), and present continuous (-rk), specific symbols are added at the end of the verb:

• Past (-kn): ⧗
• Future (-km): ⋙
• Present continuous (-rk): ≡

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Examples:

• “da jch” = “I learn” → 𐌊▣ ⦻𐌍
• “da jchkn” = “I learned” → 𐌊▣ ⦻𐌍⧗
• “da jchkm” = “I will learn” → 𐌊▣ ⦻𐌍⋙
• “da jchrk” = “I am learning” → 𐌊▣ ⦻𐌍≡
• “ch bar nallk” = “He kills the woman” → 𐌍 ᛈ▣⧖ ᛪ▣ᚾᛋ
• “ch barkn nallk” = “He killed the woman” → 𐌍 ᛈ▣⧖⧗ ᛪ▣ᚾᛋ
• “ch barkm nallk” = “He will kill the woman” → 𐌍 ᛈ▣⧖⋙ ᛪ▣ᚾᛋ
• “ch barrk nallk” = “He is killing the woman” → 𐌍 ᛈ▣⧖≡ ᛪ▣ᚾᛋ

The name of the language and its two writing systems in Drakjal would appear as follows:

• “Drakhan” (translated as “language of the man” or “masculine language”) → 𐌊⧖▣ᛋᛢ▣ᛪ
• “Drakch” (translated as “letter of the man” or “masculine letter”) → 𐌊⧖▣ᛋ𐌍
• “Drakjal” (translated as “writing of the man” or “masculine writing”) → 𐌊⧖▣ᛋ⦻▣ᛚ

In Drakhan, it is not possible to say things like “the pizza was tasty,” “I liked the pizza,” or “the pizza was well made.” All of these statements (whether affirmations, negations, questions, or otherwise) are completely subjective. For me, the pizza was tasty. For me, it was well made. But for someone else, it could be the exact opposite. Therefore, these are not statements free of subjectivity—in other words, they are not fully objective.

Even saying things like “I appreciate your help,” “I should go to the party,” “I like that series,” or “I am not a liar” are subjective.

The first one is clearly subjective, as the speaker found the help useful and expresses gratitude for it. But someone else might have been offended or upset by the same help. Thus, it is not completely objective.

The second expresses uncertainty or an unresolved decision—it’s not certain whether the person will go to the party or not. You can only say “I will go to the party” or “I will not go to the party.” There is no room for ambiguity. It is a subjective sentence because it depends on the speaker’s own decision. However, once the person affirms or denies it directly, it becomes objective because they are stating a factual decision.

The third is subjective for obvious reasons—just like the sentence about the pizza. The fourth is subjective because it depends on how the statement is interpreted. If I say “I am not a liar,” I cannot be certain that it is true. I might in fact be lying. And even if I’m not, the concept of “lying” might be interpreted in a more abstract or flexible way.

For example: if I said I couldn’t go to the party because I had to stay home and study, someone could (though it may be far-fetched or exaggerated) argue that I technically lied. Because I could have gone to the party—I simply chose not to, in order to study. But I could have. So technically, I lied.

Thus, declaring “I am not a liar” is not a statement free of subjectivity. The concept of lying can be seen from different perspectives, each person interpreting it differently. It is not a completely objective statement.

Not even “I added 2 leaves of parsley or oregano” can be translated, because the word “or” introduces ambiguity.

Phrases like “Merry Christmas” obviously wouldn’t exist in this language. That is a sentence filled with subjectivity and ambiguity. First of all: who is it directed at? Why was it said? Who said it? And even—though it may seem like a silly question—with what intention was the phrase said?

It is considered a linguistic malfunction or anomaly in Drakhan.

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In Drakhan, sentences such as “da ncha kilpa” (which literally translates to “I enter despair”) are understood from context—or simply because it is obvious—that it means “I enter into despair.” Though it can be specified further by adding “klp” (which means “in”).

Drakhan also has no metaphors, analogies, or similar devices. Everything expressed must be literal and objective.

Furthermore, in this language, you can combine two roots (never more than two), each with a maximum of seven letters, as long as the combination makes sense.

Examples:

• “Dra” and “Khan” can be combined to form “Drakhan”, because it makes sense to combine “man” and “language.”
• “krr” (man) and “nallk” (woman) cannot be combined, because it doesn’t make sense to combine “man” and “woman.”
• “krr” (man) and “drr” (masculine) can be combined, forming “krrdrr” (masculine man).
• You could also combine “krr” and “kchkmjs” (a made-up 7-letter word), as long as the resulting combination is meaningful.

However, combining “kchkmjs” and “shkjsmj” (both made-up 7-letter words) is the maximum allowed.

You cannot go further than that. For example, combining “kchkmjs” and “akchkmjs” is not allowed, because the second word has 8 letters. The maximum allowed is two roots, each with up to 7 letters.

Numbers

Drakhan uses the decimal system (base 10). Each number has its own symbol and phonetic form:

Number	Symbol	Pronunciation
0	◯	/na/
1	〡	/kel/
2	〢	/knch/
3	〣	/kno/
4	〤	/kunch/
5	◈	/kelch/
6	⯐	/chk/
7	𐌈	/tak/
8	𐍁	/sho/
9	𐌞	/vra/

Examples:

• 10 = 〡◯ (/kel na/)
• 43 = 〤〣 (/kunch kno/)
• 73 = 𐌈〣 (/tak kno/)
• 89 = 𐍁𐌞 (/sho vra/)
• 666 = ⯐⯐⯐ (/chk chk chk/)
• 2025 = 〢◯〢◈ (/knch na knch kelch/) Names In Drakhan, names are pronounced the same as in Spanish, but to write them, this table is used, similar to the Drakjal one, but including all Latin letters:

Phoneme	Symbol
p	ᛊ
b	ᛈ
t	ᛉ
t’	ᛤ
d	𐌊
k	ᛋ
c	𐰤
g	ᛄ
v	𐰘
m	ᛦ
n	ᛪ
j	⦻
f	ᛃ
s	ᚠ
h	ᛢ
r	⧖
l	ᛚ
x	Ϟ
y	𐰴
z	ᛥ
ch	𐌍
rr	ᛞ
ll	ᚾ

Phoneme	Symbol
a	▣
e	◎
i	⟁
o	⧋
u	⊞

So, you simply take the letters of the names and replace them. Examples:

“Helen” = ᛢ◎ᛚ◎ᛪ

“Harro” = ᛢ▣ᛞ⧋

Now, after all this, we can create sentences free of ambiguity and subjectivity, and that are objectively perfect.

References

Conlang