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Dimo Hadzhidimov

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Dimo Hadzhidimov
Hadzhidimov, c. 1908
Born(1875-02-19)19 February 1875
Gorno Brodi, Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (present day Greece)
Died13 September 1924(1924-09-13) (aged 49)
Sofia, Bulgaria
Cause of deathAssassination
NationalityBulgarian
Occupation(s)Educator
Politician
OrganizationInternal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Political partyPeople's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section)
Bulgarian Communist Party

Dimo Hadzhidimov or Dimo Hadži Dimov (Bulgarian: Димо Хаджидимов, Macedonian: Димо Хаџи Димов, romanized: Dimo Hadži Dimov;[1] 19 February 1875 – 13 September 1924) was a Macedonian Bulgarian teacher, revolutionary and politician who was among the leaders and main ideologist of the left-wing of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO).[2][3] He was also member of the Bulgarian Workers' Social Democratic Party, and later the Bulgarian Communist Party, from which he became a deputy in the Bulgarian Parliament.

Life

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Dimo Hadzhidimov was born on 19 February 1875 in Gorno Brodi, Ottoman Empire, now located in Serres regional unit, Greece. In 1880 his family emigrated from the Ottoman Empire and settled in Dupnitsa, Bulgaria. He studied pedagogy from 1891 until 1894 in Kyustendil and then in Sofia, at this time he adopted socialist ideas and later became a member of the Macedonian-Adrianople Social Democratic Group and of IMRO. During this period he worked as a teacher in the Bulgarian schools in Dupnitsa and later in Samokov.

In May 1903 Hadzhidimov arrived in the village of Banitsa for a meeting with Goce Delchev, after which the famous skirmish with Ottoman troops happened in which Delchev got killed, while Hadzhidimov managed to escape. Later that year he participated in Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising. The following years he was involved with the Serres group of Yane Sandanski and became the main ideologist of the left-wing (federalist) of IMRO. Their main goal was Macedonian autonomy evolving in a full political independence and later joining a future Balkan Federation as a separate polity, which will assure freedom and equality of its nationalities by the example of Switzerland. The federalists were firmly hostile towards the idea of Greater Bulgaria and the "national unification."[4] In a article from 1904 in the newspaper "Revolyutsionen list" which was the unofficial organ of the Serres group, Hadzhidimov stated that each of the small neighbour states has militant aspirations towards Macedonia and Adrianople region but the Internal Organisation opposes to them with its motto: Macedonia and the Adrianopole area to the Macedonians and Adranopolitans.[5] After the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 he returned to Ottoman Macedonia and was one of the founders of the People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section). From August 1908 until January 1909, Hadzhidimov and Pere Toshev redacted the newspaper "Konstitutsionna Zarya" (Constitutional Reveille), which was the organ of Sandanski's Serres group, and was issued in Turkish, French and Bulgarian in Solun. In 1909 Hadzhidimov went back to Sofia, where he joined the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists).

During the Balkan Wars Hadzhidimov was a Bulgarian sergeant. He was captured in Thessaloniki during the Second Balkan War and was exiled by the Greek authorities to the island of Paleo Trikeri, where he contracted jaundice. He was later released and returned to Bulgaria. During the First World War, due to his deteriorating health, he served as a non-combatant. Instantly after the war in 1918, on his initiative, the Serres group issued the Serres Declaration in which they sought restoration of Macedonia in its geographical boundaries within a Balkan Federation. The same aims applied to the Provisional representation of the former United Internal Revolutionary Organization, of which Hadzhidimov was among the founders in 1919.[6] The same year he published his brochure called Return Towards Autonomy, in which he considered that IMRO was Bulgarian in respect of its members and the idea of autonomy was launched by the "Bulgarian element" in Macedonia.[7][8] Furthermore, he was assured that Macedonian Bulgarians should exist politically outside Bulgaria, jointly with the other Macedonian "nationalities", a view which stimulated an increasingly "Macedonian" identity.[9] He also criticized the Macedonians in Bulgaria and their leaders which sabotage the idea of a Balkan Federation with Macedonia as its focal point.[6] At the end of 1919 he joined the Bulgarian Communist Party and was elected as a member of Bulgarian Parliament in 1923. After the murder of IMRO leader Todor Aleksandrov there were series of assassinations conducted as a revenge against left-wing activists, thus Hadzidimov was assassinated by the right-wing IMRO activist Vlado Chernozemski in Sofia in 1924. His surname was given to Zhostovo village (now a town since 1996) in Blagoevgrad Province in 1951; It was renamed as Hadzhidimovo.

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  • Hadzhidimov (left) as a student in the Kyustendil Pedagogical School in 1892
    Hadzhidimov (left) as a student in the Kyustendil Pedagogical School in 1892
  • Hadzhidimov with Yane Sandanski
    Hadzhidimov with Yane Sandanski
  • Hadzhidimov with his family ca. 1900
    Hadzhidimov with his family ca. 1900
  • Hadzhidimov and his wife Alexandra in 1905
    Hadzhidimov and his wife Alexandra in 1905
  • Hadzhidimov with his wife and daughter ca. 1907
    Hadzhidimov with his wife and daughter ca. 1907
  • Front page of the "Return Towards Autonomy" brochure
    Front page of the "Return Towards Autonomy" brochure
  • Letter from Aleksandrov in which he accuses Hadzhidimov as a traitor of Bulgarian people because of his separatist ideas.[note 1][10][11][12]
    Letter from Aleksandrov in which he accuses Hadzhidimov as a traitor of Bulgarian people because of his separatist ideas.[note 1][10][11][12]
  • Dimo Hadzhidimov with his family three days prior to his death in 1924
    Dimo Hadzhidimov with his family three days prior to his death in 1924

Notes

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  1. ^ "Only the narrow-minded bolshevik Hadzhidimov, the lazy anarchist Gerdzhikov, the scheming-beelzebub Gyorche and the traitors of the Bulgarian people, both in the past and now, the Sandanists, speak and agitate that autonomy should be demanded for Macedonia, because it is a separate economic and geographical unit with a separate "Macedonian people", with its own history spanning centuries, and so that they would not have to pay Bulgaria's debts, and some of them threaten as follows: "If by some miracle all of Macedonia is given to Bulgaria, we will fight with arms in hand to prevent this unification."

Footnotes

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dimo Hadzhidimov.
  1. ^ Ivo Banac (1984). The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Cornell University Press. p. 323. ISBN 9780801494932.
  2. ^ Димо Хаджидимов. Живот и дело. Боян Кастелов (Изд. на Отечествения Фронт, София, 1985)стр. 209 - 210
  3. ^ Лист на македонската емиграция. С., № 1, април 1919.
  4. ^ Alexis Heraclides (2021). The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History. Routledge. p. 46. ISBN 9780367218263.
  5. ^ The Balkans: National Identities in a Historical Perspective. (1998). Longo. ISBN 8880631764, pp. 116-117
  6. ^ a b Tasić, Dmitar (2020). Paramilitarism in the Balkans: The Cases of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania, 1917-1924. Oxford University Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-01-98858-32-4.
  7. ^ Hadjidimov, Dimo. "Назад към автономията [Back to the Autonomy]". Sofia. Retrieved 2017-02-15 – via Promacedonia.org.
  8. ^ Коста Църнушанов, Македонизмът и съпротивата на Македония срещу него. Унив. изд. "Св. Климент Охридски", София, 1992 г. стр. 121.
  9. ^ Marinov, Tchavdar (2013). "Famous Macedonia, the Land of Alexander: Macedonian Identity at the Crossroads of Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian Nationalism". In Daskalov, Roumen; Marinov, Tchavdar (eds.). Entangled Histories of the Balkans, Vol. 1: National Ideologies and Language Policies. Balkan Studies Library, vol. 9. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 305. doi:10.1163/9789004250765_007. ISBN 9789004250765.
  10. ^ Цочо Билярски, Тодор Александров. Непубликувани спомени, документи, материали, Синева, София, 2002, стр. 283-288
  11. ^ "Тодор Александров от Ново село, Щип, Вардарска Македония - "Писмо до Владимир Карамфилов от 6 юли 1919 г.", публикувано в "Сè за Македонија: Документи: 1919-1924", Скопје, 2005 година" (PDF). Онлайн Библиотека Струмски. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  12. ^ "ИСТИНАТА ЗА АВТОНОМИЯТА НА МАКЕДОНИЯ ВЪВ ВИЖДАНИЯТА НА ВМОРО И НА ТОДОР АЛЕКСАНДРОВ". www.sitebulgarizaedno.com. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
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