Cronyism

Cronyism is a specific form of in-group favoritism, the spoils system practice of partiality in awarding jobs and other advantages to friends or trusted colleagues, especially in politics and between politicians and supportive organizations.^[1] For example, cronyism occurs when appointing "cronies" to positions of authority regardless of their qualifications.^[2] This is in contrast to a meritocracy, in which appointments are made based on merit. Politically, "cronyism" is derogatorily used to imply buying and selling favors, such as votes in legislative bodies, doing favors to organizations, or giving desirable ambassadorships to exotic places.^[3]

Etymology

The word crony first appeared in 17th-century London, according to the Oxford English Dictionary; it is believed to be derived from the Greek word χρόνιος (chronios), meaning 'long term'.^[4]

Concept

Government officials are particularly susceptible to accusations of cronyism, as they spend taxpayers' money. Many democratic governments are encouraged to practice administrative transparency in accounting and contracting, but there often is no clear delineation of when an appointment to government office is "cronyism".^[5]

In the private sector, cronyism exists in organizations, often termed "the old boys' club" or "the golden circle"; again, the boundary between cronyism and "networking" is difficult to delineate.^[6]

Cronyism describes relationships existing among mutual acquaintances in private organizations where business, business information, and social interaction are exchanged among influential personnel. This is termed crony capitalism,^[5] and is an ethical breach of the principles of the market economy; in advanced economies, crony capitalism is a breach of market regulations.

The economic and social costs of cronyism are paid by society. Those costs are in the form of reduced business opportunity for the majority of the population, reduced competition in the marketplace, inflated consumer goods prices, decreased economic performance, inefficient business investment cycles, reduced motivation in affected organizations, and the diminution of economically productive activity.^[6]

References

^ "cronyism American English definition and synonyms - Macmillan Dictionary".
^ "the definition of cronyism". dictionary.reference.com.
^ Nadler, Judy; Schulman, Miriam. "Favoritism, Cronyism, and Nepotism". Santa Clara University. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
^ "Oxford Dictionaries - Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar". Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Crony Capitalism: Unhealthy Relations Between Business and Government". CED.com. Committee for Economic Development.
^ ^a ^b Staff (2010). "Do Old Boys' Clubs Make The Market More Efficient?". The Free Marketeers. Retrieved 26 April 2012.

External links

"Favoritism, Cronyism, and Nepotism". Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University.
SuperNews: Hurricane Katrina - A political flash cartoon about the cronyism surrounding Michael D. Brown and Hurricane Katrina.

[1] "cronyism American English definition and synonyms - Macmillan Dictionary".

[2] "the definition of cronyism". dictionary.reference.com.

[3] Nadler, Judy; Schulman, Miriam. "Favoritism, Cronyism, and Nepotism". Santa Clara University. Retrieved 20 June 2013.

[4] "Oxford Dictionaries - Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar". Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2015.

[ced-5] "Crony Capitalism: Unhealthy Relations Between Business and Government". CED.com. Committee for Economic Development.

[Staff_2010-6] Staff (2010). "Do Old Boys' Clubs Make The Market More Efficient?". The Free Marketeers. Retrieved 26 April 2012.

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Category Commons

Cronyism

Etymology

Concept

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References

Further reading

External links