Huon Gulf
| Huon Gulf | |
|---|---|
 Huon Gulf seen from space (false color) | |
  Huon Gulf | |
| Location | Morobe Province |
| Coordinates | 7°00′S 147°27′E / 7.0°S 147.45°E |
| Type | Gulf |
| River sources | Markham |
| Ocean/sea sources | Solomon Sea |
| Basin countries | Papua New Guinea |
| Max. length | 150 km (93 mi) |
| Max. width | 100 km (62 mi) |
| Surface area | 7,250 km2 (2,800 sq mi) |
| Settlements | Lae and Salamaua |
Huon Gulf is a large gulf in eastern Papua New Guinea. It is bordered by Huon Peninsula in the north. Both are named after French explorer Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec. Huon Gulf is a part of the Solomon Sea. Its northern boundary is marked by Cape Cretin, southern by Cape Longerue. The coast, which quickly increases in elevation from the beach, is bordered by the Rawlinson Range to the north and the Kuper Range to the west, which rises to about 600 m (2,000 ft). More distantly northwest is the Finisterre Range. Lae, capital of the Morobe Province, is located on the northern coast of the gulf.
Markham Bay forms the north-western corner of Huon Gulf, where the Markham River ends.
Name
[edit]This body of water is named for 18th Century French military officer Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec.[citation needed]
Extent
[edit]The Huon Gulf is a large triangular body of water, marked at the north by Cape Cretin, and counter-clockwise bordered by the Huon Peninsula in the north, and the northwest corner by the Markham River outlet. Continuing the coast continues as a tangent southeasterly to Cape Longerue. To the south of that is Nassau Bay. The east of the Huon Gulf opens out to the Solomon Sea, which in turn is connected to the Pacific Ocean. It is about 55 miles from west to east and 40 miles across.[1]
Population, culture, and languages
[edit]The Melanesian people around the Huon Gulf have an inimitable physical culture, which includes "apa" wood carvings.[2]
Many of the indigenous peoples speak one of the Oceanic languages. Beyond that, more specific families of languages are contested; these include Huon-Gulf and Markham languages.[3] Papua New Guinea, because of having both language contact from the Gulf and Ocean yet geographical isolation from the mountainous land of one of the largest islands in the world, has the greatest variety of languages in the world. Some of these languages, such as the Numbami language, are "vulnerable" to extinction.[4] Proto-Markham, whose daughter languages are spoken on the Gulf coast and further inland, was proposed by Susanne Holzknecht.[5][6] They are all part of a proposed grouping of Western Oceanic languages.[7]
Geology
[edit]The Huon Gulf is ultimately formed by the Australian plate being deformed and pushed beneath the Huon Peninsula. Evidence of this phenomenon is in the morphology (shapes) of the Gulf and surrounding lands, and "both emergent (raised) and submergent (drowned) Corolla reefs associated with the growth of the Finisterre Range, Papua New Guinea."[8]
Hydrology
[edit]Due to "the adjacent marine environment" of relatively "small tides," there is little sediment transport into the Huon Gulf.[9]
History
[edit]The area on the north shore of Huon Gulf was a protectorate, and later a colony, of Germany, as part of German New Guinea,[10] from 1884 to 1914. In September, the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force invaded, and the German troops quickly surrendered.
Australia controlled the region from 1914 to 1974, except during World War II, when Japanese Empire invaded in February 1942.[11] The New Guinea campaign resulted in the Invasion of Salamaua–Lae in 8 March 1942. Australian and American military forces, under command of Vice Admiral Daniel E. Barbey, invaded the Gulf on 30 June 1943, and by 8 July, the Landing at Nassau Bay, south of the Huon Gulf, was successfully completed. However, due to logistics, the Allied Forces couldn't take the entire island of Papua New Guinea, so they blockaded the island and starved the Japanese forces trapped there.
Due to its remote geographical location, the people of the region around the Huon Gulf have been isolated. Only in the 2020s was there a concerted investment by the government to improve infrastructure, including roads, speed boats for emergency medical services, ports.[12]
Geography
[edit]Near Lae and Finschhafen, the wet season runs from May to August, in contrast to most of the country.[13]
Biota
[edit]In the late 19th century, many new birds were first discovered in the coastal areas around Huon Gulf, including new species of ibis and cassowary.[10]
Taro grows in the Huon Gulf area, but the demand for trade in it has been low.[14]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ United States. Hydrographic Office (1923). East Indies Pilot: Islands eastward of Celebes and Timor, including New Guinea and Louisiade Archipelago. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Hydrographic Office under the authority of the Secretary of the Navy. pp. 572–578. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ^ "Apa: Melanesian (Huon Gulf?, Papua New Guinean): late 19th century". Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ^ Hokzknecht, Susanne (2010). The Mechanisms of Language Change in Labu, in "Language Contact and Change in the Austronesian World". Walter de Gruyter. pp. 351–376. ISBN 9783110883091. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ^ Bradshaw, Joel (31 May 2025). Numbami Grammar in Ethnohistorical Context. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9798880702213. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ^ Holzknecht, Susanne (1989). The Markham Languages of Papua New Guinea. Pacific Linguistics. ISBN 0-85883-394-8.
- ^ Lynch, John; Malcolm Ross; Terry Crowley (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1128-4. OCLC 48929366.
- ^ Ross, Malcolm D. (1988). Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian languages of western Melanesia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- ^ Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne P. (2010). Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes. Cambridge University Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780521519786. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ^ Von der Borch, Chris C. (1972). Marine Geology of the Huon Gulf Region New Guinea. Australian Government. p. 3. ISBN 9780642001115. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ^ a b The Ibis. British Ornithologists' Union. 1894. pp. 126–127. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ^ Review of Current Military Literature. 1949. pp. 27–28. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ^ "Huon Gulf launches tranformative projects to bring service to people". nbc.com.pg. 1 February 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ^ Bryant Allen; R. Michael Bourke (August 2009). "People, Land and Environment". In R. Michael Bourke; Tracy Harwood (eds.). Food and Agriculture in Papua New Guinea. ANU Press. p. 58. doi:10.22459/FAPNG.08.2009. ISBN 9781921536618.
- ^ Sahlins, Marshall (2020). Stone Age Economics. Routledge. ISBN 9781000159875. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
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