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Badi' al-Zaman Mirza

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Badi' al-Zaman
Mirza
Contemporary portrait of Prince Badi al-Zaman at the coronation of his father Sultan Husayn Bayqara in Herat in 1469 (age 10).[1]
Amir of the Timurid Empire
Reign4 May 1506–1507
PredecessorSultan Husayn Mirza Bayqara
Successorposition abolished of State but Succeed by Babur as a lineage
Born1456
Died1514 (1515) (aged 57-58)
Constantinople
SpouseUrun Sultan Khanum
Kabuli Begum
Ruqaiya Agha
Chuchak Begum
One other wife
IssueMuhammad Mumin Mirza
Muhammad Zaman Mirza
Kuchek Begum
DynastyTimurid dynasty
FatherSultan Husayn Bayqara
MotherBega Sultan Begum

Badi' al-Zaman Mirza (Persian: بدیع‌الزمان‌ میرزا; died 1514) was a Timurid ruler of Herat from 1506 to 1507. He was the son of Husayn Bayqarah, who was a great-great-grandson of Timur.[2] He was the last Timurid Emperor, from 1506 to 1507.

Biography

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During the 1490s a conflict broke out between Badi' and his father. Husayn had transferred Badi' from his governorship in Astarabad, present day Gorgan, to Balkh, and then passed over Badi's son Muhammad Mu'min to replace him in Astarabad. Angry over this, Badi' launched a rebellion. He was defeated, and around the same time his son, who had been imprisoned in Herat, was executed. Husayn made peace with his son Badi', but tension remained between the two, and in 1499 Badi' besieged Herat.

Likely portrait of Prince Badīʿ al-Zamān, Herat in 1486 (age 30).[3][4]
Young prince in a Timurid court scene in Herat in 1487. "The Beggar who Professed his Love for a Prince", Mantiq al-tair (Language of the Birds)

In 1506 his father Sultan-Husayn Bayqara died, and Badi' took the throne. However, he quickly became embroiled in a conflict with his brother Muzaffar Husain. In the midst of this, the Uzbeks under Muhammad Shaybani were threatening the realm.

Visit of Babur

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Babur, who had marched from Kabul in an effort to assist Husayn, arrived in Herat and stayed there for a while, but noted the weakness of the brothers and left without making battle with the Uzbeks. In his Baburnama, Babur reccounts his stay in Herat, in particular a party held by Badi' al-Zaman Mirza in which he was offered delicate roast goose and was entertained to poetry recitals, music and dancing.[5][6] The next year in 1507, the Uzbeks under Muhammad Shaybani captured Herat, bringing an end to Timurid rule there, and the brothers fled. Muzaffar died shortly after.

Badi' went to Kandahar to muster forces and marched against the Uzbeks, but was defeated.[7] He then came to the court of Ismail I of Persia, where he was given lands surrounding Tabriz and 3650 gold shorafins[clarification needed] a year.[7] He helped influence Ismail's decision to undertake an expedition against the Uzbeks in 1510, in which Ismail killed Muhammad Shaybani.[8]

In 1512 he lost a war against some small nations. Badi' stayed seven years at Tabriz until it was conquered by Ottoman sultan Selim I, at which point he travelled to Istanbul, where he died during the plague in 1514.[7]

Family

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Badi' al-Zaman had five consorts:

  • Urun Sultan Khanum, daughter of Sultan Abu Sa'id Mirza and Ruqaiya Sultan Begum, daughter of Ala al-Dawla Mirza bin Baysunghur bin Shah Rukh;
  • Kabuli Begum (div. 1507), daughter of Ulugh Beg Mirza II, married by Qambar Mirza Kukaltash in 1507;[9]
  • Ruqaiya Agha, known as Andalib, a concubine, married by Timur Sultan Uzbeg, son of Muhammad Shaybani in 1507;[9]
  • Chuchak Begum (m. 1498), daughter of Zun Nun Arghun, and sister of Shah Shuja and Muhammad Muqim;[10][11]
  • A daughter of Tahamtan Beg, niece of Asad Beg, and mother of Muhammad Zaman Mirza;[12]
Sons

Badi' al-Zaman had two sons:

  • Muhammad Mumin Mirza - with Urun Sultan Khanum;
  • Muhammad Zaman Mirza - with the daughter of Tahamtan Beg, married to Masuma Sultan Begum, daughter of Emperor Babur;[12]
Daughter

Badi' al-Zaman had one daughter:

  • Chuchak Begum known as Kuchek Begum (died April 1507) - with Chuchak Begum;[11]

Ancestry

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References

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  1. ^ Soudavar, Abolala (1992). Art of the Persian courts : selections from the Art and History Trust Collection. New York : Rizzoli. pp. 87–88. ISBN 978-0-8478-1660-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  2. ^ Svatopluk Soucek. A History of Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 324.
  3. ^ Soudavar, Abolala (1992). Art of the Persian courts : selections from the Art and History Trust Collection. New York : Rizzoli. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-8478-1660-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  4. ^ Daʻadli, Tawfiq (2019). Esoteric images: decoding the late Herat school of painting. Leiden Boston: Brill. pp. 49–78. ISBN 978-90-04-39800-9.
  5. ^ Dale, Stephen F. (3 May 2018). Babur. Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-108-47007-0.
  6. ^ Babur, Emperor of Hindustan; Beveridge, Annette Susannah (1922). The Babur-nama in English (Memoirs of Babur). London, Luzac. p. 304.
  7. ^ a b c Stevens, John (1715). The history of Persia (PDF).
  8. ^ Sims, Vice-President Eleanor G.; Sims, Eleanor; Marshak, Boris Ilʹich; Grube, Ernst J.; I, Boris Marshak (1 January 2002). Peerless Images: Persian Painting and Its Sources. Yale University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-300-09038-3. A year after the death of Sultan-Husayn Bayqara in 1506, Herat and a portion of its bibliophile riches had fallen to Shaybani Khan, the Uzbek ruler [Fig. 70]. Sultan-Husayn's son and heir, Badi al-Zaman, had fled westward to the protection of Shah Ismail, bringing with him treasure, a large portion of the Timurid princely libraries. In turn, the Uzbeks were themselves defeated by Shah Ismail, the presumptuous Shaybani dying at his hand in 1510; Ismail could then add Khurasan and its cultural capital, Herat, to the Safavid realm. While his spoils may have included still more treasures from the Timurid libraries, literary life in Herat certainly did not come to an abrupt halt; intellectuals continued to compose texts, and scribes and painters to produce manuscripts.
  9. ^ a b Balabanlilar, Lisa (January 15, 2012). Imperial Identity in Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic politics in Early Modern Central Asia. I. B. Tauris. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-848-85726-1.
  10. ^ Babur, Emperor; Beveridge, Annette Susannah (1922). The Baburnam in English (Memoirs of Babur) - Volume 1. Luzac & Co., London. p. 94.
  11. ^ a b Akhtar, Muhammad Saleem (1983). Sindh under the Mughals: An Introduction to, translation of and commentary on the Mazhar-i Shahjahani of Yusuf Mirak (1044/1634). pp. 16 n. 71.
  12. ^ a b Babur, Emperor; Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh (September 10, 2002). The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, prince and emperor. Random House Publishing Group. pp. 210. ISBN 978-0-375-76137-9.
  13. ^ Subtelny, Maria (2007). Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran, Volume 7. BRILL. ISBN 9789004160316. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  14. ^ John E Woods, The Timurid Dynasty (1990), p. 20-26
Badi' al-Zaman Mirza
Preceded by Timurid Empire (in Herat)
1506–1507 		Succeeded by
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