Azim-ush-Shan
| Azim-ush-Shan | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mirza[1] | |||||
 Azim-ush-Shan holding a jewelled sarpech c. 1710 | |||||
| Subahdar of Bengal | |||||
| Reign | 22 September 1697 – 18 March 1712 | ||||
| Predecessor | Ibrahim Khan II | ||||
| Successor | Murshid Quli Khan | ||||
| Monarch | Aurangzeb Azam Shah Bahadur Shah I | ||||
| Born | Muhammad Azim-ud-Din 15 December 1664 Agra Fort, Agra Subah, Mughal Empire | ||||
| Died | 18 March 1712 (aged 47) Ravi River, Kangra, Mughal Empire | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouses | |||||
| Issue |
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| House | House of Babur | ||||
| Dynasty | Mughal Dynasty | ||||
| Father | Shah Alam I | ||||
| Mother | Amrit Kanwar | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Mirza Azim-ush-Shan (15 December 1664 – 18 March 1712) was the second son of the 8th Mughal Emperor Shah Alam I and his Rajput wife Amrit Kanwar. He was the great grandson of Shah Jahan and the grandson of Aurangzeb during whose reign he was the imperial subahdar (governor) of Bengal Subah from the year 1697 to his death in 1712.
Reign
[edit]
In 1697, Azim-ush-Shan was appointed the viceroy of Bengal Subah, Bihar and Odisha by Emperor Aurangzeb.[4] Shortly afterwards, he took successful military initiative against Rahim Khan. Azim gave the East India Company permission to build Fort William in Calcutta (presently Kolkata) in 1696. Using Mughal permission, the Dutch also built Fort Gustavas in Chinsura and the French built Fort Orleans in Chandernagore (presently Chandannagar).[4]
Azim got into conflict with Murshid Quli Khan, the newly appointed Diwan of Bengal, over imperial financial control. Considering the complaint of Murshid Quli Khan, Aurangzeb ordered Azim to move to Bihar. Murshid Quli Khan later transformed his succession as a semi-independent princely state known as Nawab of Bengal.[4] In 1703, he transferred the capital to Rajmahal and then again to Pataliputra (present-day Patna). He renamed Pataliputra to Azimabad after his own name.[4]
In 1712, at the time of his father's death, he immediately proclaimed himself emperor but the other three princes, Jahandar Shah, Jahan Shah and Rafi-ush-Shan, united and waged war against Azim. In the battle, a shot from a heavy gun struck the trunk of the elephant that Azim was on, leading the elephant to run towards Ravi River and falling into quick sand, which killed both the elephant and Azim.[5]
Personal life
[edit]Azim-us-shan's first wife was Bai Jas Kaur, the daughter of Kirat Singh, who was the son of Raja Jai Singh, Kachwaha ruler of Amber. She married Azim-ud-din in 1678, and was the mother of Muhammad Karim Mirza born on 12 October 1679.[6] She died at Delhi on 19 February 1721, and was buried at the Qutb.[2]
His second wife was Jahanzeb Banu Begum,[7] known as Sahiba Niswan, a Kasmiri lady, and the sister of Khwajah Inayatullah entitled Shaista Khan. She was the mother of Emperor Farrukhsiyar. Upon Farrukhsiyar's accession on 11 January 1713, she occupied an eminent position in the imperial harem.[8] She died at Delhi in February 1729, having outiving her son for nearly ten years.[2][7]
His third wife was Aisha Begum, the daughter of Ruhullah Khan Yazdi, the Mir Bakhshi. She was the granddaughter Khalilullah Khan. The marriage took place on 26 June 1692.[9] She was the mother of Prince Humayun Bakht Mirza, and Prince Ruh-ud-daula Mirza. Azim-ush-shan is said to have been very fond of her. On 24 May 1709, she gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl. She died at Daulatabad on 15 July 1709, and was buried there, near the tomb of Burhan ud-din.[2]
His fourth wife was Gitti Ara Begum, the daughter of Prince Muhammad Azam Shah. The marriage took place on 1 November 1709.[10] She died at Delhi on 12 June 1724 at age over forty years.[2]
Ancestry
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See also
[edit]- Azimabad, former name of Patna, after prince Azim-ush-Shan
- List of rulers of Bengal
- History of Bihar
- History of Odisha
References
[edit]- ^ "Past present: Emperor's new names". Dawn. 1 January 2011.
the title of Mirza and not Khan or Padshah, which were the titles of the Mongol rulers.
- ^ a b c d e f g Irvine 1921, p. 144.
- ^ Cheema, G. S (2002). The Forgotten Mughals: A History of the Later Emperors of the House of Babar, 1707–1857. Manohar Publishers and Distributors. p. 179. ISBN 9788173046018.
- ^ a b c d Chatterjee, Anjali (2012). "Azim-us-Shan". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Irvine 1921, p. 177.
- ^ Irvine 1921, p. 145.
- ^ a b Mirza Mohammad bin Rustam (1960). Tarikh-i-Muhammadi – Volume II. Syed Noor-ul-Hassan. p. 89.
- ^ Cheema, G. S (1 January 2002). The Forgotten Mughals: A History of the Later Emperors of the House of Babar, 1707-1857. Manohar Publishers and Distributors. p. 179.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link) - ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1947). Maasir-i-Alamgiri: A History of Emperor Aurangzib-Alamgir (reign 1658-1707 AD) of Saqi Mustad Khan. Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. p. 209.
- ^ Irvine 1921, p. 35.
- ^ Irvine 1921, p. 128.
- ^ Charles Francis Massy, Chiefs and Families of Note in the Delhi, Jalandhar, Peshawar and Derajat Divisions of the Panjab (1890), p. 396
- ^ Vijay Kumar Mathur, Marvels of Kishangarh paintings: from the collection of the National Museum, New Delhi (2000), p. 8
Bibliography
[edit]Irvine, William (1921). Sarkar, Jadunath (ed.). Later Mughals. Vol. I. Calcutta: M. C. Sarkar & Sons.