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Charles Farrar Browne

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(Redirected from Artemis Ward)
"Artemus Ward" redirects here and is not to be confused with Artemas Ward (disambiguation).
Charles Farrar Browne
"Artemus Ward"
Born
Charles Farrar Brown

(1834-04-26)April 26, 1834
Waterford, Maine
DiedMarch 6, 1867(1867-03-06) (aged 32)
Southampton, Hampshire
NationalityAmerican
Occupationhumorist

Charles Farrar Browne (April 26, 1834 – March 6, 1867) was an American humor writer, better known under his nom de plume, Artemus Ward, which as a character, an illiterate rube with "Yankee common sense", Browne also played in public performances. He is considered to be America's first stand-up comedian.[1] His birth name was Brown but he added the "e" after he became famous.[2]

Biography

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Browne was born on 26 April 1834,[3] in Waterford, Maine to Caroline (née Farrar)[4] "a descendant of the first Puritans"[5] and Levi Brown,[6] who "operated a store in Waterford, engaged in farming and did some surveying",[7] and was a justice of the peace.[5]

He began his career at the age of fourteen, "learned the printer's trade"[8] at The Advertiser in Norway, Maine, and later apprenticed in the printing office of The Skowhegan Clarion,[9] Skowhegan, Maine, then, as a compositor[1] and occasional contributor to the daily and weekly journals. In 1858, in The Plain Dealer newspaper (Cleveland, Ohio), he published the first of the "Artemus Ward" series ("a barely literate circus sideshow manager who toured the country and wrote about the people and events he saw."[10] "loosely based on P.T. Barnum"[11]), which, in collected form, achieved great popularity in both America and England.[12]

Browne's companion at the Plain Dealer, George Hoyt, wrote:

"his desk was a rickety table which had been whittled and gashed until it looked as if it had been the victim of lightning. His chair was a fit companion thereto, a wabbling, unsteady affair, sometimes with four and sometimes with three legs. But Browne saw neither the table, nor the chair, nor any person who might be near, nothing, in fact, but the funny pictures which were tumbling out of his brain. When writing, his gaunt form looked ridiculous enough. One leg hung over the arm of his chair like a great hook, while he would write away, sometimes laughing to himself, and then slapping the table in the excess of his mirth."[13]

Photograph of Artemus Ward, sitting with his right leg crossed over his left, a top hat and books sitting on the table to his right. A typed caption at the bottom of the image reads "H. Hering Photo" and his name is written at the bottom.
Artemus Ward, [ca. 1859–1867]. Carte de Visite Collection, Boston Public Library.

In 1860, he became editor of the first Vanity Fair, a humorous New York weekly that failed in 1863. At about the same time, he began to appear as a lecturer who, by his droll and eccentric humor, attracted large audiences.[14] Browne was also known as a member of the New York bohemian set which included leader Henry Clapp Jr., Walt Whitman, Fitz Hugh Ludlow, and actress Adah Isaacs Menken.[1]

Though his books were popular, it was his lecturing, delivered with deadpan expression, that brought him fame.[15]

In 1863, Browne came to San Francisco to perform as Artemus Ward. An early expert at show business publicity, Browne sent his manager ahead by several weeks to buy advertising in the local papers and promote the show among prominent citizens for endorsements. On November 13, 1863, Browne stood before a packed crowd at Platt's Music Hall,[16] playing the part of Artemus Ward as an illiterate rube but with "Yankee common sense."[1] Writer Bret Harte was in the audience that night and he described it in the Golden Era as capturing American speech: "humor that belongs to the country of boundless prairies, limitless rivers, and stupendous cataracts—that fun which overlies the surface of our national life, which is met in the stage, rail-car, canal and flat-boat, which bursts out over camp-fires and around bar-room stoves."[1]

"Artemus Ward" was a favorite author of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Before presenting "The Emancipation Proclamation" to his Cabinet, Lincoln read to them the latest episode, "Outrage in Utiky", also known as "High-Handed Outrage at Utica".[1]

When Browne performed in Virginia City, Nevada, he met Mark Twain and the two became friends.[1] In his correspondence with Twain, Browne called him "My Dearest Love." Legend has it that, following a stage performance there, Browne, Twain, and Dan De Quille were trekking on a (drunken) rooftop tour of Virginia City until a town constable threatened to blast all three with a shotgun loaded with rock salt. Browne recommended Twain to the editors of the New York Press and urged him to journey to New York.[1]

In 1866, Browne visited England and attracted a large following to his playing Artemus Ward, both as lecturer and for his literary contributions to Punch. But within a year his health gave way and he died of tuberculosis at Southampton on March 6, 1867.[12]

In England, Browne was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, but his remains were removed to the United States in 1868 and buried at Elm Vale Cemetery[17] in Waterford, Maine.

Legacy

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In Cleveland, where Browne started his comedy career, an elementary school is named after him, known as Artemus Ward Elementary on W. 140th Street.[18] In the American Garden of the Cleveland Cultural Gardens in Rockefeller Park, a monument of him was erected, next to Mark Twain.[19][20]

Works

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Short stories

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  • A Visit to Brigham Young
  • Women's Rights
  • One of Mr Ward's Business Letters
  • On "Forts"
  • Fourth of July Oration
  • High-Handed Outrage at Utica
  • Artemus Ward and the Prince of Wales
  • Interview with Lincoln
  • Letters to his Wife

Artemus Ward books

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Tarnoff, Benjamin (2014). The Bohemians: Mark Twain and the San Francisco Writers Who Reinvented American Literature. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1594204739.
  2. ^ Maine League of Historical Societies and Museums (1970). Doris A. Isaacson (ed.). Maine: A Guide 'Down East'. Rockland, Me: Courier-Gazette, Inc. pp. 400–401.
  3. ^ "Charles Farrar Browne (aka "Artemus Ward")". Ohio Center for the Book. Cleveland Public Library. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  4. ^ "Caroline Farrar Brown, Waterford, ca. 1850". Maine Memory Network. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  5. ^ a b Landrigan, Leslie (26 April 2015). "Artemus Ward Entertains Abraham Lincoln". New England Historical Society. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  6. ^ "BROWNE, CHARLES FARRAR (ARTEMUS WARD, PSEUD.)". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. 11 May 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  7. ^ "Browne, Charles F." Maine: An Encyclopedia. 30 September 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  8. ^ "ARTEMUS WARD.; An Old Friend's Reminiscences of the Genial American Humorist". nytimes.com. Jan 4, 1905. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  9. ^ Spillane, Edward (1907). "Charles Farrar Browne". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 14 June 2025 – via New Advent.
  10. ^ "Coastal History: Maine's Charles F. Browne, a.k.a. Artemus Ward, and the birth of stand-up". Portland Press Herald. 24 April 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  11. ^ "Charles Farrar Browne Pioneered Stand-Up Comedy in America and Inspired Mark Twain". Biography.com. 1 April 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  12. ^ a b  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ward, Artemus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 319.
  13. ^ The Complete Works of Artemus Ward by Melville D. Landon, 1898 page 16
  14. ^ "Artemus Ward - American humorist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-08-21.
  15. ^ "Artemus Ward - Humorist, Lecturer, Writer". Britannica.com. 22 April 2025. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  16. ^
  17. ^ "Gravestone of Charles F. Brown, Waterford, ca. 1900". Maine Memory Network. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  18. ^ "Artemus Ward Elementary - Cleveland Metropolitan School District".
  19. ^ "Cleveland's Artemus Ward remembered as pioneer of stand-up comedy". 4 February 2022.
  20. ^ "American Colonial Cultural Garden".
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